Noldorin 

hell

adjective. naked

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hell

adjective. naked, naked, *stripped

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “naked” and derived from primitive ᴹ✶skelnā under the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). This word was originally hall “naked” under an earlier but deleted form of the root ᴹ√SKAL (EtyAC/SKEL). The root ᴹ√SKEL was also the basis for the verb N. heltha- “to strip”, and its Quenya derivative ᴹQ. helda was at one point was glossed “stripped bare” (Ety/SKAL¹), so the word hell seems to mean “naked” in the sense “✱stripped (of clothing or other covering)”.

Conceptual Development: There are a couple of earlier “naked” words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s that seems to be similarly derived. G. dautha “naked, stripped” was related to daf- “to strip, flay” (GL/29) and G. hulc “naked” (GL/49) is like the cognate of ᴱQ. hulqa “naked” under the early root ᴱ√HULU “strip” (QL/41). In later writings, some “naked” words were derived from √PAR “peel” instead (PE17/86, 171).

Changes

  • hallhell “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. helda “naked, stripped bare” ✧ Ety/SKEL
  • ᴹQ. halla “naked” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Derivations

  • On. skhella “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
    • ᴹ✶skelnā “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
    • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. skhella > hell[sxella] > [xella] > [xell] > [hell]✧ Ety/SKEL
On. skhalla > hall[sxalla] > [xalla] > [xall] > [hall]✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Variations

  • hell ✧ Ety/SKEL
  • hall ✧ EtyAC/SKEL (hall)
Noldorin [Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hell

noun. frost

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “frost” derived from the root ᴹ√KHEL “freeze”, but Tolkien deleted this short root and its derivatives, keeping only the longer form ᴹ√KHELEK (Ety/KHEL).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had a number of similar “frost” related words: G. heloth “frost”, G. hîl {“ice-cold, icy” >>} “frost” as well as G. helfileg “frost on panes, etc.” (GL/48-49), all based on the early root ᴱ√HELE “freeze”, the last with the added element G. fileg “fern”.

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien probably deleted N. hell “frost” because he abandoned the short root ᴹ√KHEL, but short √KHEL did reappear in later writings (PE17/116), so it is tempting to restore hell “frost” as well. However, this conflicts with other attested words like N. hell “naked”, so I think it is better to use a neologism like ᴺS. nich for “frost”; see that entry for discussion.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. helle “frost” ✧ Ety/KHEL

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHEL “freeze” ✧ Ety/KHEL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHEL > hell[kʰelle] > [xelle] > [xell] > [hell]✧ Ety/KHEL

Variations

  • hell ✧ Ety/KHEL (hell)
Noldorin [Ety/KHEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

iell

noun. daughter

Stated to be an alteration of sell , remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words

Noldorin [Ety/385, Ety/400] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iell

noun. girl, maid

Stated to be an alteration of sell , remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words

Noldorin [Ety/385, Ety/400] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iell

noun. daughter

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. selde “child [f.]” ✧ Ety/SEL-D
  • ᴹQ. yelde “daughter” ✧ Ety/YEL

Derivations

  • N. sell “girl, maid” ✧ Ety/SEL-D
    • ᴹ√SEL(D) “child, child; *daughter” ✧ Ety/SEL-D
  • ᴹ√YEL “daughter” ✧ Ety/YEL

Element in

  • N. -iel “daughter; feminine suffix” ✧ Ety/YEL (-iel)

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
N. sell > iell[sell] > [jell]✧ Ety/SEL-D
ᴹ√YEL > iell[jelde] > [jelðe] > [jelð] > [jell]✧ Ety/YEL
Noldorin [Ety/SEL-D; Ety/YEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sell

noun. daughter

Noldorin [Ety/385] Group: SINDICT. Published by

sell

noun. girl, maid (child)

Noldorin [Ety/385] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gador

noun. prison, dungeon

Noldorin [Ety/358] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gadr

noun. prison, dungeon

Noldorin [Ety/358] Group: SINDICT. Published by

band

noun. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping

Noldorin [Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

bann

noun. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping

Noldorin [Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by