kal

root. shine

kalumalanda

noun. kalumalanda

kalumalō

noun. kalumalō

kalpa

root. water-vessel

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “water-vessel”, with derivatives ᴹQ. kalpa/N. calf “water-vessel, bucket”, as well as ᴹQ. kalpa- “draw water, scoop out, bale out” (Ety/KALPA). It is a later iteration of ᴱ√KḶPḶ from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “hold, contains (esp. of liquids)”, with functionally identical noun forms ᴱQ. kalpa/G. calph “bucket, vessel”, but a different verb form ᴱQ. kulp- due to variations in how syllabic ḷ developed in Early Qenya (QL/47; GL/25). It illustrates how early roots with syllabic consonants from the 1910s were sometimes transformed later into KALTA-stem roots.

kalar

root. be radiant

kalaryā

adjective. brilliant

kalrondō

noun. hero

kalrō

noun. noble man, hero

kalat

noun. light

kaltwa

?. [unglossed]

akla(r)

root. radiance, splendour

gal

root. shine

glā

noun. radiance

gālæ

noun. light

k’lā

noun. light

skil

root. [unglossed]

A root mentioned in passing in as a variant of ᴹ√KIL “divide” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but it had no derivatives and appeared nowhere else (Ety/KIL).

ar

root. day

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “day” with various derivatives like ᴹQ. are, N. aur “day” and ᴹQ. arin “morning” (Ety/AR¹). In Tolkien’s later writings, the Quenya word for “day” became aurë (RC/727; S/190), and in 1957 Quenya Notes he devised a new etymology for these day-words from the root √UR “heat” as in ✶auri “heat, period of sun” (PE17/148). That opens the question whether the various 1930s Quenya “morning” words from ᴹ√AR remain valid, but many Neo-Quenya writers (including me) retain them since there aren’t really any good alternatives. They might be salvageable as derivatives of the later root √AS “warmth” (so that “day” = “hot” and “morning” = “warm”).

ari

noun. day

auluta-

verb. [unglossed]

bay

root. [unglossed]

danta-

verb. fall

galan

root. bright

iw

root. [unglossed], [ᴱ√] *fish

kas

root. head

kas

noun. head

khar

root. helmet

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “helmet” with extended forms √KHÁRAP and √KHÁRAN (EtyAC/KHAR); one of its derivatives ᴹQ. Eldahar seems to be a precursor to Q. Eldacar “Elfhelm”. There are many other words for “helmet” in Tolkien’s later writing, and this root was probably abandoned.

kharan

root. helmet

kharap

root. helmet

khlip

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected paragraph from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/112 note #78).

khyel(es)

root. glass

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “glass” with derivatives in both Quenya and Noldorin with the same meaning: ᴹQ. hyelle and N. hele (Ety/KHYEL(ES)). After Tolkien changed Noldorin to Sindarin, he decided that “There was no common Eldarin word for glass”, and that the Sindarin word S. heledh was derived from Khuzdul kheled (PE17/37). Thus the root ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) was abandoned.

khyelesē

noun. glass

kōmā

noun. [unglossed]

maiga

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the first version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s (TQ1) to illustrate certain patterns of root formation (PE18/66). It may have serving as the basis for ᴹQ. Maia, though this word was given different derivations later.

nis

root. woman

nī

noun. woman

nī̆s

noun. woman

phan

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/PHAN).

stin

root. [unglossed]

stā

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root reference in The Etymologies apparently serving as the basis for the verbal action suffix ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” in ᴹ✶khau̯-stā “rest-ing” (Ety/KHAW; EtyAC/KHAW). See the entry on ✶-stā for further discussion.

torōmā

noun. [unglossed]

uruk

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/URUK).

us

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/US).