má

noun. hand

má

noun. land, region

má

what; when

mal(de)

adverb. how, in what manner

The correlative ᴹQ. mal or malde “how, in what manner” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of interrogative ᴹQ. ma and ᴹQ. -l(de) “way, manner”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. manallë “somehow, in some way” using the later suffix Q. -llë.

mál

noun. grit

A word in Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s glossed “grit” with various forms representing the inflections of nouns with lost ancient vowels: malǝ- (PE21/19, 24). It may be a later iteration of ᴱQ. mar (mard-) “grit, course grain or powder” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the root ᴱ√MṚŘṚ [MṚÐṚ] “grind” (QL/63). Later still Tolkien gave the primitive form ✶smalŭ with the gloss “dust, grit” in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s, though this primitive form had no derivatives.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer to use ᴹ✶smalu with its 1930s sense “pollen, yellow powder”, as this form has derivatives in The Etymologies (Ety/SMAL), and its root meaning ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” is a better match to the later root √MAL “yellow, gold”. I think it is possible to retain ᴹQ. mál “grit”, however, by assuming that it is a derivative of ᴹ√MBAL “✱pound”, which is a better match with 1910s ᴱQ. mar < ᴱ√MṚÐṚ “grind”.

má sútale? ha nila kave kenyas

what is the matter with you? that I cannot see it

má suntete? há ela kambe mendelta

what was the matter with him? that he could not have his will (what he wanted) of course

máraher

masculine name. Good Steward

The earliest name of Mardil, translated “Good Steward” (WR/153), perhaps a compound of mára “good” and heru “lord”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.15).

man(an)

adverb. when

The correlatives manan or man “when” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of interrogative ᴹQ. ma and ᴹQ. -n(an) “time”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would stick to ᴹQ. mallume, since I think -n(an) was abandoned.

mámen

adverb. why, aiming at what

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of interrogative ᴹQ. ma and ᴹQ. men- “aim”.

malo

noun. pollen, yellow powder

A noun in The Etymologies from around 1937, glossed “pollen, yellow powder” and derived from the root ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” (Ety/SMAL).

Conceptual Development: In Tolkien’s earlier writings, ᴱQ. malo was “rust”, first appearing in the Early Qenya Grammar and Early Qenya word-lists of the 1920s (PE14/42, 44, 71, 74; PE15/77; PE16/111) and later as ᴹQ. malo “rust” in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s where it had a stem form of malu- (PE21/12). Most likely these earlier forms were based on the early root ᴱ√MALA “yellow” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/63), though in QL itself the word ᴱQ. malo was “moth” from the distinct root ᴱ√MALA “crush” (QL/63).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think the “pollen” and “rust” meanings for malo (malu-) can co-exist, with both originally considered a form of “yellow powder”.

mat-

verb. to eat

mána

adjective. blessed

mára

adjective. good (of things), useful, fit

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

mane

pronoun. who

mar

noun. home, dwelling, house, habitation; earth

málo

noun. friend

malina

adjective. yellow

manu

noun. departed spirit

maiwe

noun. gull

mana le·qente

what did you say?

marta

adverb. home

mattima

adjective. edible

má mene?

aiming at what?

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

má le·qente? sa ela kenyuvas

[what did you say?] that he will not see it

már akárielya e utúlie

*having built a house he has come

már akárielya e·tuve

he finds a house that is already built

már akárielya e·utúvie

he has found a house that is already built

már karnelya e·tulle

having built a house he came

már karnelya e·túve

he found a house that had been (already) built

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

le·qente mana?

what did you say?

vanima

adjective. fair

alama

noun. [unglossed]

almárea

adjective. blessed

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

éma

?. [unglossed]

engwa

?. [unglossed]

nerno

?. [unglossed]

seron

noun. friend

taura

adjective. mighty

-el

suffix. friend

-ser

suffix. friend

a

preposition. [unglossed]

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

helde

noun. friend

heldo

noun. friend

helmo

noun. friend

hún

noun. earth, earth, *ground

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

nilmo

noun. friend

niule

?. [unglossed]

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

qalin

adjective. dead, dead, [ᴱQ.] dying

An adjective for “dead” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” (Ety/KWAL).

Conceptual Development: The adjective ᴱQ. qalin meant “dead” all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s where it was derived from the early root ᴱ√QALA “die” (QL/76; PME/76). In the Qenya Lexicon it has an archaic variant ᴱQ. †qalna (QL/76). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, qalin appeared in the stative construction qalinya {“is dead” >>} “is dying” (PE16/140).

rampa

?. [unglossed]

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

sermo

noun. friend

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

sondo

noun. friend

séra

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tante

noun. [unglossed]

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

ye

preposition. at

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

íre

conjunction. when