The earliest name of Mardil, translated “Good Steward” (WR/153), perhaps a compound of mára “good” and heru “lord”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.15).
Qenya
má
noun. hand
má
noun. land, region
mál
noun. grit
mana
pronoun. who
máraher
masculine name. Good Steward
malo
noun. pollen, yellow powder
A noun in The Etymologies from around 1937, glossed “pollen, yellow powder” and derived from the root ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” (Ety/SMAL).
Conceptual Development: In Tolkien’s earlier writings, ᴱQ. malo was “rust”, first appearing in the Early Qenya Grammar and Early Qenya word-lists of the 1920s (PE14/42, 44, 71, 74; PE15/77; PE16/111) and later as ᴹQ. malo “rust” in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s where it had a stem form of malu- (PE21/12). Most likely these earlier forms were based on the early root ᴱ√MALA “yellow” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/63), though in QL itself the word ᴱQ. malo was “moth” from the distinct root ᴱ√MALA “crush” (QL/63).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think the “pollen” and “rust” meanings for malo (malu-) can co-exist, with both originally considered a form of “yellow powder”.
mat-
verb. to eat
mána
adjective. blessed
mára
adjective. good (of things), useful, fit
mar
noun. home, dwelling, house, habitation; earth
málo
noun. friend
malina
adjective. yellow
manu
noun. departed spirit
maiwe
noun. gull
marta
adverb. home
mattima
adjective. edible
már akárielya e utúlie
*having built a house he has come
már akárielya e·tuve
he finds a house that is already built
már akárielya e·utúvie
he has found a house that is already built
már karnelya e·tulle
having built a house he came
már karnelya e·túve
he found a house that had been (already) built
vanima
adjective. fair
almárea
adjective. blessed
etta
pronoun. his
taura
adjective. mighty
-el
suffix. friend
-ser
suffix. friend
helde
noun. friend
heldo
noun. friend
helmo
noun. friend
hún
noun. earth, earth, *ground
A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.
nilmo
noun. friend
qalin
adjective. dead, dead, [ᴱQ.] dying
An adjective for “dead” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” (Ety/KWAL).
Conceptual Development: The adjective ᴱQ. qalin meant “dead” all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s where it was derived from the early root ᴱ√QALA “die” (QL/76; PME/76). In the Qenya Lexicon it has an archaic variant ᴱQ. †qalna (QL/76). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, qalin appeared in the stative construction qalinya {“is dead” >>} “is dying” (PE16/140).
sermo
noun. friend
seron
noun. friend
sondo
noun. friend
ye
preposition. at
A word in Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s glossed “grit” with various forms representing the inflections of nouns with lost ancient vowels: malǝ- (PE21/19, 24). It may be a later iteration of ᴱQ. mar (mard-) “grit, course grain or powder” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the root ᴱ√MṚŘṚ [MṚÐṚ] “grind” (QL/63). Later still Tolkien gave the primitive form ✶smalŭ with the gloss “dust, grit” in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s, though this primitive form had no derivatives.
Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer to use ᴹ✶smalu with its 1930s sense “pollen, yellow powder”, as this form has derivatives in The Etymologies (Ety/SMAL), and its root meaning ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” is a better match to the later root √MAL “yellow, gold”. I think it is possible to retain ᴹQ. mál “grit”, however, by assuming that it is a derivative of ᴹ√MBAL “✱pound”, which is a better match with 1910s ᴱQ. mar < ᴱ√MṚÐṚ “grind”.