or prep. "over" (CO); in early "Qenya", this preposition was also defined as "on, upon" (LT1:256, MC:216). Prefixed or- is translated "up" in ortil, q.v.
Quenya
o
preposition. from
Derivations
- ✶ăwă “from” ✧ PE17/148
- √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/148
- ✶hō “from, coming from, as described by a genitive” ✧ PE22/168
- √HO “from, coming from” ✧ WJ/361
Variations
- ō ✧ PE22/168
olla
over
or
over
o-
prefix. together
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺQ. ocantië “pattern”
- ᴺQ. ocar- “to cooperate, work together, participate”
- ᴺQ. ocaraitië “program, a set of activities”
- ᴺQ. ofelmë “sympathy, compassion, pity, *(lit.) together-feeling”
- ᴺQ. ohérë “government”
- Q. ohlon “diphthong” ✧ VT48/29
- Q. oholima “confidential”
- Q. ólama “consonant”
- Q. olass(i)ë “foliage, collection of leaves”
- Q. olië “company, people together”
- ᴺQ. ólië “society, (lit.) together-people”
- ᴺQ. ólëo “society, (lit.) together-people”
- ᴺQ. olindë “harmony”
- ᴺQ. olirië “concert”
- Q. olos “inflorescence, mass of flowers (on one plant), inflorescence, mass of flowers”
- Q. olótë “bloom, the flowers collectively of a single plant”
- Q. ombari “company, dwellers together”
- Q. omen- “to move to a common point, meet, to meet, move to a common point, *(lit.) move together” ✧ PE17/013
- Q. omentië “meeting (of pathways), (lit.) coming together of journey-path, meeting or junction of the directions of two people” ✧ PE17/013; PE17/013; WJ/367
- ᴺQ. omírë “jewelry (collectively)”
- ᴺQ. omolmë “company, business, enterprise, firm”
- Q. onóna “twin-born; one of a pair of twins” ✧ WJ/367
- Q. onot- “to count up, reckon, [ᴹQ.] to count up, reckon”
- Q. onótië “*reckoning”
- ᴺQ. orendë “(nuclear) family”
- ᴺQ. ori “grain, seed”
- ᴺQ. ósana- “to counsel, think together”
- Q. ósanwë “communication of thought, interchange of thought; (lit.) thinking together (dual)”
- ᴺQ. ósat- “to share”
- Q. ostimë “blend”
- ᴺQ. otarmië “colonnade”
- ᴺQ. otolmië “keyboard”
- ᴺQ. ovëa “(con)similar, alike”
- Q. ovéa “(con)similar, alike”
- ᴺQ. ovesta “contract, compact, treaty”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √WO/WONO > ŏ-´ [wo-] > [o-] ✧ PE17/191 ✶gwo > wa- [gwo-] > [gwa-] > [ɣwa-] > [wa-] ✧ PE19/106 ✶gwo > o- [gwo-] > [ɣwo-] > [ɣo-] > [o-] ✧ PE19/106 √WO > ó- [wo-] > [o-] ✧ WJ/367 Variations
- ŏ-´ ✧ PE17/191 (ŏ-´)
- wa- ✧ PE19/106
- ó ✧ PE22/168 (
ó)- ŏ ✧ VT48/29
- ó- ✧ WJ/367; WJ/367
ho
from
ho prep. "from" (3O); cf. hó-
uo
together
[uo adv. "together" (PE17:191)]
uo
adverb. together
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶ówō > uo [owō] > [uo] ✧ PE17/191
-ro
he
-ro pronominal ending "he", in antaváro, q.v. In Tolkiens later Quenya, the ending -s covers both "he", "she" and "it".
a
interjection. O, Oh
Element in
- Q. a Aina Fairë, Eru órava (o)messë “God, the Holy Spirit, have mercy on us” ✧ VT44/15
- Q. a Aina Maria arca atarmë “Holy Mary, pray for us” ✧ VT44/15
- Q. a Aina Neldië Eru Er órava (o)messë “Holy Trinity, one God, have mercy on us” ✧ VT44/15
- Q. a Eruion Mardorunando, Eru órava (o)messë “God, the Son, Redeemer of the world, have mercy on us” ✧ VT44/15
- Q. a Hrísto órava ómessë “Christ, have mercy on us” ✧ VT44/15
- Q. alcarin Vendë ar manaquenta “O glorious and blessed Virgin” ✧ VT44/07 (
á Véne’ alcare ar manquenta)- Q. Átaremma i ëa han Eä “our Father who art in Heaven” ✧ VT43/13; VT43/13
- Q. a Túrin Turambar turún’ ambartanen “[O] master of doom by doom mastered” ✧ S/223; UT/138
- Q. a vanimar, vanimálion nostari “O beautiful ones, parents of beautiful children” ✧ Let/448; LotR/0981
Variations
- A ✧ Let/448; LotR/0981; S/223; UT/138; VT43/13; VT44/15
- Ai ✧ VT43/13
- á ✧ VT44/07
uo
adverb. together
Element in
- ᴺQ. uomë “community”
va
from
va prep. "from" (VT43:20; prefixed in the form var- in var-úra "from evil", VT43:24). In VT49:24, va, au and o are quoted as variants of the stem awa "away from".
-va
from
-va possessive ending, presumably related to the preposition va "from". In Eldaliéva, Ingoldova, miruvóreva, Oroméva, rómeva, Valinóreva (q.v. for references), Follondiéva, Hyallondiéva (see under turmen for references). Following a consonant, the ending instead appears as -wa (andamacilwa "of the long sword", PE17:147, rómenwa *"of the East", PE17:59). Pl. -vë when governing a plural word (from archaic -vai) (WJ:407), but it seems that -va was used throughout in late Exilic Quenya (cf. miruvóreva governing the plural word yuldar in Namárië). Pl. -iva (-ivë*), dual -twa, partitive pl. -líva**.
ala
hail, blessed be (thou)
[ala (6) (also alar! or alla!) interjection "hail, blessed be (thou)". (VT45:5,14)]
alar!
hail, blessed be (thou)
[alar! (also ala and alla!) interjection "hail, blessed be (thou)". (VT45:5,14, 26)]
alla!
hail, blessed be (thou)
[alla! (also alar! or ala) interjection "hail, blessed be (thou)". (VT45:5, 14)] PE17:146 cites alla "hail, welcome" as a variant (occurring within the imaginary world) of aiya.
hó-
away, from, from among
hó- verbal prefix; "away, from, from among", the point of view being outside the thing, place, or group in thought (WJ:368)
ló
from
ló, lo (2) prep. "from", also used = "by" introducing the agent after a passive construction: nahtana ló Turin *"slain by Túrin" (VT49:24). A similar and possibly identical form is mentioned in the Etymologies as being somehow related to the ablative ending -llo, but is not there clearly defined (VT45:28). At one point, Tolkien suggested that lo rather than the ending -llo was used with proper names (lo Manwë rather than Manwello for "from Manwë"), but this seems to have been a short-lived idea (VT49:24).
au-
prefix. away (from)
Cognates
- T. au- “away” ✧ WJ/365
Derivations
- √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/024; VT49/24
- ✶awa- “away” ✧ WJ/365
- √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/143; WJ/365
Element in
- ᴺQ. aucelië “sewer, (lit.) away-flowing”
- Q. aucir- “to cut off (and get rid of or lose a portion)” ✧ WJ/365
- ᴺQ. auhanta “refuse, trash, garbage, (lit.) thing thrown away”
- ᴺQ. aulerya- “to rid, free somebody of something”
- ᴺQ. aumanca- “to sell, (lit.) trade away”
- ᴺQ. aumapando “abductor, (lit.) away-seizer”
- ᴺQ. aumenta- “to dismiss, divorce, (lit.) away-send”
- ᴺQ. aupenya “complete, without lack”
- ᴺQ. aupsar- “to wipe away”
- ᴺQ. auquer- “to reject, (lit.) turn away”
- ᴺQ. ausatië “especially, (lit.) setting aside”
- ᴺQ. autulya- “to deport, (lit.) bring away”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶au/awa > au- [au-] ✧ WJ/365 Variations
- au ✧ VT49/24; WJ/368
- o ✧ VT49/24
wa-
prefix. together
aia
hail
aia interjection "hail", variant of aiya (VT43:28)
aiya
hail
aiya interjection "hail", as greeting (LotR2:IV ch. 9, see Letters:385 for translation), or a call "for help and attention" (PE17:89), "only addressed to great or holy persons as the Valar, or to Earendil" (PE17:149). Variant aia (VT43:28)
alassë
hail
[alassë (2) interjection "hail" or "bless", evidently a synonym of the greeting alar!, q.v. (VT45:26)]
au
away
au (2) adv. "away", of position rather than movement (compare oa). PE17:148
essë
he
essë (2) pron? "he" (and also "she, it"?), possible emphatic 3rd sg. emphatic pronoun, attested in the sentence essë úpa nas "he is dumb" (PE17:126)
se
he, she, it
se (1) pron. "he, she, it" also object "him, her, it", 3rd person sg. Used "of living things including plants" (VT49:37; the corresponding inaimate pronoun is sa). The pronoun comes directly from se as the original stem-form (VT49:50). Stressed form sé, VT49:51, attested in object position in melin sé "I love him" (VT49:21). Ósë "with him/her", VT43:29; see ó-. Long dative/allative sena "[to/for] him" or "at him", VT49:14, allative senna "to him/her" (VT49:45, 46). Compare the reflexive pronoun insë *"himself, herself".
ea
verb. be
be
helexë
noun. hail
A neologism for “hail” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT) derived from the root √KHELEK, likely modeled after caraxë < √KARAK.
Derivations
- √KHELEK “ice”
aia
interjection. hail
olla prep "over" (= beyond, of things passed over, as in "I went over a river" or "they went over the hill") (PE17:65)