go-

together

_pref. _together. Q. o-.

go

together

(prefix) go-, gwa- (+ lenition) (co-, com-).

go

together

gwa- (+ lenition) (co-, com-).

go'

go'

Q. ŏ-'. >> gwá. This gloss was rejected.

gwa-

prefix. together (only in old compounds, the living form is go-)

nod-

verb. to count

An (archaic?) verb for “count” implied by various compounds like pen-nod “without count” and únodui “countless” (PE17/144-145). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien said that “not- count, nut- tie coalesced in Exilic ✱nod-, but ‘count’ was always expressed by gonod- unless some other prefix was added, as in arnediad” (Ety/WŌ). Thus it seems nod “count” survived only an element in compounds, and words like [N.] gonod- “count up, reckon” and nedia- “count” became the usual verbs for counting. According to The Etymologies it seems the basic verb form [N.] nod- meant only “to tie” in the modern form of the language.

Conceptual Development: In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, nod- was mentioned as element in ᴱN. go-nod- “count up” (PE13/162).

bad

go

#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

bad

go

(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

gobab-

verb. to shake

rong

adverb. soon

al-

well

pref. #well. Q. al(a)-. . This gloss was rejected.

anha-

verb. to give

aphad-

verb. to follow

In WJ/387, the verbal stem is given as aphad-, and the etymology as *ap-pata. If we follow the latter, the verb should perhaps read aphada-

aphad-

verb. to follow

A verb in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 glossed “follow”, derived from primitive ✶ap-pata “walk behind, on a track or path” (WJ/387), with primitive pp aspirating and then becoming voiceless spirants, with ph pronounced as a long [ff].

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had similarly formed G. obra- “follow; succeed” based on G. ob “after” (GL/62), precursor to S. ab “after”.

ardhon

noun. great region, province

ardhon

noun. world

athra-

verb. to cross

v. to cross (to and fro).

avar

noun. refuser

This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile

avar

noun. the Avari, Elves who refused the invitation of the Valar

This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile

avar

proper name. Refuser

bain

good

_ adj. _good, wholesome, blessed, fair (esp. of weather). . This gloss was rejected.

ban-

verb. ?to go

boda

verb. refuse, forbid

cail

noun. fence or palisade of spikes and sharp stakes

dadwen

verb. return

_v. _return, going/coming back. Q. nanwen-. >> damen

dadwen-

verb. to return, go back

A Sindarin verb for “return, go back” as a combination of √(N)DAN “back” and √MEN “go”, contrasted with dandol- “return, come back” appearing in notes from around 1959 (PE17/166). Tolkien first gave this verb as {namen >>} damen reflecting vacillation on the primitive prefix ✱nan- > ✱ndan-. Later in the same notes he gave a form dadwen, reflecting either vacillation of the development of ancient nm in Sindarin (to either dw or mm), or vacillation on the prefix itself ((n)dad- vs. (n)dan-).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use ᴺS. dammen- for this word as the most phonologically plausible. Tolkien represented intervocalic m as both mm and m in Sindarin (e.g. lammad vs. minlamad), so damen- is possible as well. Either way, the pronunciation would be [damen] with short [m].

damen

verb. return

_ v. _return. Q. nanwen-. >> dan-

damen-

verb. to return

danna

fall

_ v. _fall. Q. lanta-.

danna-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies

danna-

verb. to fall

A Sindarin verb for “fall” in Notes on Galadriel’s Song (NGS) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, cognate to Q. lanta- and derived from √DAN-TA (PE17/62). Elsewhere the root for “fall down” was √DAT (VT47/29; VT48/24; Ety/DAT), so √DAN-TA was probably a nasal-infixed variant of the root; compare ᴹ√DAT vs. ᴹ√DANT from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/DAT). In Sindarin, medial ancient nt became nn, so ✱danta- > S. danna-.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. {lanta- >>} lantha- “fall onto, settle on, alight” (GL/52). It had a past form lantathi with a light pencil stroke through it indicating was thus tentatively rejected. This Gnomish verb is clearly cognate to ᴱQ. lant- “drop, fall” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LANTAN [LṆTṆ] (QL/51).

The Etymologies of the 1930s had the root {ᴹ√LANT >>} ᴹ√DAT or ᴹ√DANT “fall down” (Ety/DAT, TALÁT; EtyAC/LANTA). Under the entry for ᴹ√DAT, Tolkien had N. dant- “to fall” with passive participle dannen “fallen” (Ety/DAT). Likely N. dant- was a stem form which would become dann- when inflected, since in Noldorin of the 1930s and 40s ancient medial nt also became nn, as it did in Sindarin.

dant

noun. fall

ephel

noun. outer fence, encircling fence

gala-

verb. to grow

An untranslated verb in notes from around 1962 along with a full paradigm of pronominal suffixes (PE17/131-132). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. galo “to grow” under the root ᴹ√GALA “thrive” (Ety/GALA), and the later Sindarin verb probably has the same meaning.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. {cal- >>} caltha- “wax, grow, flourish” based on the early root ᴱ√cala having to do with growth (GL/25). Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document had altha- “to shoot up, grow (high)” (PE13/109).

gardh

noun. bounded or defined region

gardh

noun. world

gardh

noun. region

gavar

noun. *Refuser

golas

noun. foliage

_ n. _foliage. Q. walass(s), olassie. >> Legolas

golas(s)

noun. foliage

_ n. _foliage. >> legolas

govad-

verb. to meet

gwae-

verb. to go, depart, to go [away], depart

This highly irregular verb appeared in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 as the Sindarin equivalent of Q. auta- “go (away), depart” which is itself very irregular, with both verbs derived from the invertible root √WĀ/AWA (PE17/148). The Sindarin verb has a present tense form gwaen “I go” and past forms 1st. sg. anwen “✱I went” and 3rd. sg. anu/awn “✱he/she went”, with these past forms apparently based on an ancient nasal-infixed strong past ✶anwē (from which the archaic Q. strong past †anwe “went” was derived). It has two more forms gwanu/gwawn. These seem to be the equivalent of Q. vanwa “lost” < ✶wanwā.

The present tense form gwaen “I go” is especially peculiar. Compare this to the more regular present tenses cewin “I taste” < kawin(e) (PE22/152) and galon “I grow” < galān(e) (PE17/131). I think the likeliest explanation is that gwaen is derived from an ancient aorist form wa-i-nĭ, with ai becoming ae as was usual of Sindarin’s phonetic developments. If so, the presents of this verb would be based on √WA and the past inflections based on √AW.

A final twist is that in the note from DLN Tolkien mentions u-intrusion, a sound change parallel to the more common i-intrusion, whereby a final u moved before a preceding consonant. The forms awn and gwawn are thus the u-intruded results of anu and gwanu. This u-intrusion would not occur in forms with further suffixes, like anwen “I went”.

A probably related form gwanwen “departed” appears in the Quendi and Eldar (Q&E) essay from 1959-60 (WJ/378). This could be an independent adjective, but could also be a passive participle of gwae- (or some variant of it), possibly a strengthened or elaborated form of gwanu/gwawn. Note that Q&E also states that:

> The only normal derivative [of AWA] is the preposition o, the usual word for ‘from, of’. None of the forms of the element ✱awa are found as a prefix in S, probably because they became like or the same as the products of ✱wō, ✱wo (WJ/366).

Some people believe this indicates that Tolkien rejected other derivatives like gwae-, but since Q&E also contains gwanwen, I think this statement only applies to direct derivatives of AWA, as opposed to gwae- and gwanwen which are derived from the inverted root WĀ.

Neo-Sindarin: How to handle this verb in the context of Neo-Sindarin is unclear. Given the extreme irregularity of this verb, it is tempting to discard it. Unfortunately, we have no other attested Sindarin verbs for “to depart”. Furthermore, common verbs like “go” tend to be irregular in many languages (such as English as “go” vs. “went”), so it makes sense the same would be true of Sindarin. As such, I propose the following conjugation for this verb (hat tip to Gilruin for most of this paradigm; he suggested much better forms than my original ideas):

• Present tense ✱gwae “go” < primitive ✶gwa-ĭ, with inflections added to this form: gwaen “I go”, ✱gwael “you go”, etc.

• Past tense awn “went” < ✶anwē with u-intrusion. Inflected forms are based on non-intruded anw-: anwen “I went”, ✱anwel “you went”, etc.

• Past/passive participle gwanwen “departed”, an elaboration of the older (archaic?) perfective participle gwanu/gwawn.

• Future ✱gwatha “will go”, ✱gwathon “I will go”, < ✶wa-thā, wa-thā-nĭ.

• Gerund ✱gwaed (< ✶wa-itā) and active participle ✱gwaul (< ✶wa-ālā) “departing”.

• Imperative ✱gwaw “go!” < ✶wa-ā, as with baw “don’t!” < ✶bā (WJ/371-2).

Finally, this verb means “go” specifically in the sense “depart”, that is: “go away”. For “go (generally and in any direction)”, use the verb men-.

If you dislike the irregularity of gwae- or you believe that Tolkien’s notes in Q&E (see above) indicate this verb was rejected along with (most) Sindarin derivatives of AWA, then the neologism haena- “to leave, depart” gives an alternative verb.

gwaen

suffix. I go

('waen) _ v. pres. & pron. suff. _I go. >> anwen. This gloss was rejected.

hair

noun/adjective. left (hand)

harvo

noun. left hand

harvo

noun. left side

iath

noun. fence

iath

noun. fence

iâth

noun. fence

iâth

noun. fence

lain

adjective. free, freed

lant

noun. fall

leithia-

verb. to release, to release, [N.] set free

A verb appearing in its [Noldorin] infinitive form N. lheitho “to release, set free” under the root ᴹ√LEK “loose, let loose, release” (Ety/LEK). Here the initial lh is the result of the Noldorin unvoicing of initial l, a sound change Tolkien abandoned for Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, and indeed this entry also had an “EN” [Exhilic Noldorin] form leithia- “to release”, consistent with the use of Leithian “Release from Bondage” in The Silmarillion (S/162).

leithian

noun. release, freeing, release from bondage

ma

adjective. good

_ adj. _good. Archaic and obsolete except as interjection 'good, excellent, that's right'.

mae

adverb. well

mae

adverb. well

adv. well. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.

mae

well

_ adv. _well. >> mael

mael

adjective. well

_ adj. _well. adjective << adverb. >> mae

mael

adjective. well

maer

good

_ adj. _good.

maer

good

adj. good, proper, excellent. Q. mára good, proper, Q. maira excellent. >> mae-. This gloss was rejected.

malt

noun. gold, gold (as metal)

A noun for “gold” based on the root √MALAT. The Etymologies of the 1930s specified that N. malt was “gold (as metal)” derived from the root ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” (Ety/SMAL). This is consistent with Tolkien’s later notes in which Q. malta was “gold (metal)”, as opposed to Q. laurë/S. glaur which was “gold (colour or light)” (PE17/51, 159). Note that in The Etymologies the form was revised to (h)malt indicating an archaic voiceless hm that was the result of ancient sm (EtyAC/SMAL), but this would no longer be the case after the root became √MALAT.

men-

verb. to go

The basic Sindarin verb for “go”, derived from the root √MEN (PE17/143). Its archaic past form emēnē was discussed in notes from around 1965 (PE17/93); its modern past would be ✱evín. It also appeared in its gerund form in the sentence niðin mened “I have a mind to go, I intend to go” in notes from 1969 (PE22/165).

minna-

verb. go in

_ v. _go in, enter. >> minno

nidhin mened

I have a mind to go, I intend to go

nor-

verb. to run

nor-

verb. to ride

nu

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

nu

preposition. under

The Sindarin word for “under”, appearing as an element in names like Dor-nu-Fauglith “Land under Choking Ash” (WJ/239) and Taur-nu-Fuin “Forest under Nightshade” (S/155), clearly based on the root √N(D)Ū “sink, go down” (17/64).

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. no “under” derived from the root ᴹ√NŪ̆ (Ety/NU), with either short u becoming o, or unstressed au becoming o]], the latter being indicated by a parentical nau [perhaps the primitive form?] appearing after its Quenya equivalent ᴹQ. no “under” (EtyAC/NU). As noted above, in Tolkien’s later writings the form was nu, probably derived from ✱nū with the vowel shortening when unstressed.

nuin

preposition. under the

o

preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)

According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

o

preposition. from

_ prep. _from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'.

o

preposition. from

_ prep. _from. . This gloss was rejected.

od

preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)

According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

pad-

walk

_ v. _walk, step. Q. pata-. >> Tharbad

pada-

verb. to walk

padra-

walk

_ v. _walk. >> pad-

region

noun. holly-tree area

[HKF] reg (Dor. regorn “holly tree”) + ion (Dor. gen. pl. suffix) = Dor. Regornion [Etym. ERÉK-]

rib-

verb. to flow like a (torrent ?)

The reading of the gloss is uncertain

thîr

noun. face, face, [N.] look, expression, countenance

A word appearing as an element in the name Caranthir “Red-face”, derived from primitive ✶stīrē (VT41/10), which was likely tied to the root √TIR “watch”.

Conceptual Development: The same noun N. thîr appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the glosses “look, face, expression, countenance”, but there it was derived from the root ᴹ√THĒ “look (see or seem)” (Ety/THĒ). Earlier “face” words include G. gwint from the 1910s (GL/46) and ᴱN. ant from the 1920s with more elaborate form ᴱN. annas (PE13/137, 160).

tol-

verb. to come

The basic Sindarin verb for “to come”, well attested from the 1930s-1960s and derived from the root √TUL of similar meaning (Ety/TUL; PE17/166; PE22/168; VT44/25). The Sindarin o was the result of the usual sound change whereby [[s|short [u] became [o]]] in Sindarin’s phonetic development.

Conceptual Development: A verb G. tul- appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, but there its meaning was “(1) bring; (2) come to” (GL/71), and in one place Tolkien said its original meaning was “to support” (GL/69). This is in keeping with the broader meaning of the early root ᴱ√TULU, which was glossed “fetch, bear, bring; move, come; (originally) uphold, support, bear, carry” (QL/95).

ad

again

(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

ad

again

also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

adleitha

release

(verb, = "to free") adleitha- (i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin). RELEASE (noun) 1) adleithian, pl. adleithiain, 2) leithian (freeing), pl. leithiain

adleitha

release

(i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).

adleitha

free

(i adleitha, in adleithar), also †adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).

adleithian

release

pl. adleithiain

ammen

for us

(to us).

an

for

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

for

(adverbial prefix) an-

an

for

(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

for the

(for) + i (the).

aphada

follow

aphada- (i aphada, in aphadar) (WJ:387)

aran

king of a region

(pl. erain)

ardh

region

1. ardh (realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath. 2) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413), 3) gardh (i **ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh), 4) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

ardh

region

(realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.

athra

cross

(verb) #athra- (isolated from the gerund athrad "crossing") (i athra, in athrar), also athrada- (traverse) (i athrada, in athradar)

athra

cross

(isolated from the gerund athrad "crossing") (i athra, in athrar), also athrada- (traverse) (i athrada, in athradar)

cail

fence

(i gail, o chail) (palisade); no distinct pl. form except with article (i chail).

cell

running

(of water: flowing), lenited gell; pl. cill

crom

left

(lenited grom, pl. crym), with corresponding noun

crumguru

having a cunning left hand

lenited grumguru, pl. crumgyry (or crymgyry if the entire word is umlauted, but this may be unlikely) (VT45:24)

dad

downward

;

dadbenn

downhill, sloping down

(inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn;

dammen-

verb. to return, go back

danna

fall

(verb) ?danna- (i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

danna

fall

(i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

dant

fall, falling

(i dhant) (autumn), pl. daint (i naint), also (and maybe particularly when the meaning is "autumn") dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais) (PM:135)

dath

steep fall

(i dhath) (hole, pit, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8).

dî

under

unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

dôr

region

(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413)

dû

nightfall

(i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

e

away

ed (out, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)

eden

begun again

(new), pl. edin

edledh

go into exile

edledh- (i edledh, in edledhir), pa.t. edlent or edledhas. (VT45:27; the ”Noldorin” forms have gl for Sindarin dl), also edledhia- (i edledhia, in edledhiar). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” egledhia-

edledh

go into exile

*edledh- (i edledh, in edledhir), pa.t. edlent or edledhas. (VT45:27; the ”Noldorin” forms have gl for Sindarin dl)

edledh

go into exile

(i edledh, in edledhir), pa.t. edlent or edledhas. (VT45:27; the ”Noldorin” forms have gl for Sindarin dl)

edledhia-

verb. to go into exile

eithel

well

(= source) eithel (spring, issue of water), pl. eithil

eithel

well

(spring, issue of water), pl. eithil

ened

adverb. moreover

ephel

fence

(pl. ephil)

gardh

region

(i ’ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh)

gilwen

region of stars

(Quenya Ilmen), also Gilith. In the Etymologies, this word is derived from a root GIL (LR:358) and would then have the form ’Ilwen (’Ilwith) when lenited. But in a later source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as ÑGIL (MR:388), and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith).

godref

through together

(AI:92)

golas

foliage

golas (i **olas) (collection of leaves), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. golassath. Archaic pl. göleis**._.

golas

foliage

(i ’olas) (collection of leaves), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. golassath. Archaic pl. göleis.

govad

meet

*govad- (i **ovad, i ngevedir = i ñevedir), pa.t. govant, past participle govannen** ”met”. (The latter is the only attested form.)

govad

meet

(i ’ovad, i ngevedir = i ñevedir), pa.t. govant, past participle govannen ”met”. (The latter is the only attested form.)

gwa

adverb. away

gwachae

away

1. (adj.) gwachae (remote), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir). 2) (adv.) e, ed (out, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)

gwachae

away

(remote), lenited ’wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch *(PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir)*.         

gwaith

region

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

gwanna

depart

gwanna- (i **wanna, in gwannar**) (die)

gwanna

depart

(i ’wanna, in gwannar) (die)

hair

left

(adj.) hair (lenited chair; no distinct pl. form); also used as noun

hair

left

HAND (*hair, o chair, i chair, no distinct pl. form even with article; cited in archaic form heir, LR:365 s.v. KHYAR). Adj. LEFT also crom (lenited grom, pl. crym), with corresponding noun

hair

left

(lenited chair; no distinct pl. form); also used as noun

hair

left hand

o chair, i chair, no distinct pl. form even with article; cited in archaic form heir, LR:365 s.v. KHYAR). Adj.

hil-

verb. to follow

A neologism for “to follow” coined by Sami Paldanius in the VQP (VQP), derived from the root √KHIL of similar meaning. I prefer attested aphad- “follow”.

hâr

left

(noun, the direction) hâr (i châr) (south).

hâr

left

(i châr) (south).

ior

i

in ”Noldorin”, but apparently ✱yr- in Sindarin. Compare

iâd

noun. fence

iâth

fence

(noun) 1) iâth (construct iath, pl. iaith) (WJ:370, 378), also ?iâd (construct iad), pl. iaid. 2) lest (girdle, boundary), pl. list, 3) (outer/encircling fence) ephel (pl. ephil), 4) (with spikes and sharp stakes) cail (i gail, o chail) (palisade); no distinct pl. form except with article (i chail).

iâth

fence

(construct iath, pl. iaith) (WJ:370, 378), also ?iâd (construct iad), pl. iaid.

lant

fall

_(noun) _1) #lant (pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

lant

fall

(pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

lanthir

waterfall

(no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.

leitha

set free

(i leitha, i leithar)

leithian

release

(freeing), pl. leithiain

lest

fence

(girdle, boundary), pl. list

mae

well

(adverb) mae (lenited vae).

mae

well

(lenited vae).

maer

good

_(”useful” of things _ not of moral qualities) maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.

maer

good

(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.

malad

gold

(as metal) 1) malad (i valad), pl. melaid (i melaid) if there is a pl. 2) malt (i valt), pl. melt (i melt) if there is a pl. (VT42:27). ”Gold” in extended senses: glawar (i **lawar) (sunlight, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) (VT41:10) GOLD (COLOUR?) *mall (i vall), pl. mail (i mail) if there is a pl. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” malt.

malad

gold

(i valad), pl. melaid (i melaid) if there is a pl.

mall

gold

(i vall), pl. mail (i mail) if there is a pl. – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” malt.

malt

gold

(i valt), pl. melt (i melt) if there is a pl. (VT42:27). ”Gold” in extended senses: glawar (i ’lawar) (sunlight, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) (VT41:10)

neledh

go in

neledh- (i neledh, i neledhir) (enter)

neledh

go in

(i neledh, i neledhir) (enter)

nevra-

verb. to face, go forward

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo based on √NEB “turn towards (speaker)” (PE17/27) and inspired by Ilk. nivra- “to face, go forward”, also serving as a replacement for ᴱN. athra- and G. gwintha-.

nor

run

(verb) 1) nor- (i nôr, in nerir). Only attested as imperative noro! 2) *yr-. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form yurine* ”I run” is given in the source; the verbal stem would become ior**- in ”Noldorin”, but apparently *yr- in Sindarin. Compare COURSE, q.v., where the words come from the same root __-.

nor

run

(i nôr, in nerir). Only attested as imperative noro! 2) ✱yr-. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form yurine ”

nu

under

1. (prep.) nu, followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions), 2) dî, unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

nu

under

followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions)

nîf

face

1. nîf (construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form. 2) thîr (look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)

nîf

face

(construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form.

o

of

(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.

pada

walk

(on a track or path) pada- (i bada, i phadar)

pada

walk

(on a track or path) pada- (i bada, i phadar)

penna

slant down

(i benna, i phennar)

pêl

fence, fenced field

(i bêl, construct pel) (enclosure, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380)

rain

free

rain (wandering, erratic). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”border” (VT46:10; suggested Sindarin form of ” Noldorin” rhain)

renia

wander

renia- (sail, fly, stray) (i renia, idh reniar).

renia

wander

(sail, fly, stray) (i renia, idh reniar).

rimma

flow like a torrent

(i rimma, idh rimmar)

rû²

adverb. soon, anon

siria

flow

(vb.) siria- (i hiria, i siriar).

siria

flow

(i hiria, i siriar).

tawarwaith

silvan elves

Tawarwaith (lit. ”Forest-people”)

tawarwaith

silvan elves

(lit. ”Forest-people”)

thangail

shield fence

(shield wall). No distinct pl. form? (UT:281)

thar

athwart

(adverbial prefix) thar- (across, over, beyond)

thar

athwart

(across, over, beyond)

thora

fence

(verb) *thora- (the curious form ”thoro-” occurs in the primary source, LR:393 s.v. THUR). The passive participle thoren ”fenced, guarded, hidden” is cited (pl. thorin).

thora

fence

(the curious form ”thoro-” occurs in the primary source, LR:393 s.v. THUR). The passive participle thoren ”fenced, guarded, hidden” is cited (pl. thorin).

thîr

face

(look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)

torn

down

(noun) *torn (i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.

torn

down

(i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”. 

tuilinn

swallow

(etymologically ”spring-singer”) *tuilinn (i duilinn, o thuilinn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thuilinn). Form normalized from tuilind in source; the latter would be an archaic form.

tuilinn

swallow

(i duilinn, o thuilinn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thuilinn). Form normalized from tuilind in source; the latter would be an archaic form.