Primitive elvish

okhor

noun. blood

Primitive elvish [PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

okh

root. *egg

oktā

noun. war, hostility, strife

Primitive elvish [PE18/085; PE18/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

serek

root. blood

A root in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 given as the basis for the “blood” words Q. serke and S. sereg as well as the flower name S. seregon “blood of stone” (PE17/184), a flower name that also appeared (untranslated) in The Silmarillion (S/203). It may replace the root ᴹ√YAR “blood” from The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. yár and N. iâr of the same meaning, the later an element in the surname of Túrin: N. Iarwath “Blood-stain” (Ety/YAR). In later Silmarillion drafts, it became Iarwaeth (WJ/83) and then S. Agarwaen “Blood-stained”, the form it took in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/210). The etymology of S. agar- “blood” is unclear.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I’d stick to √SEREK = “blood”.

Primitive elvish [PE17/145; PE17/184] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

auth

noun. war, battle

Noldorin [Ety/365, Ety/379, VT/45:23] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iâr

noun. blood

Noldorin [Ety/400] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iâr

noun. blood

Noldorin [Ety/YAR; EtyAC/YAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

agar

noun. blood

Sindarin [Agarwaen S/378] Group: SINDICT. Published by

agar

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing as an element in the name Agarwaen (S/210). It’s later etymology is unclear.

Conceptual Development: An earlier iteration of the name was N. {Iarvael >>} N. Iarwath “Blood-stained” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the element was N. iâr “blood” from the root ᴹ√YAR of the same meaning (Ety/YAR). Tolkien considered changing the root to ᴹ√YOR and the Noldorin form to iûr (EtyAC/YAR). This seems to be transient idea, since the name Iarwaeth “Bloodstained” appeared in the Grey Annals from the early 1950s (WJ/83) before ultimately being replaced by Agarwaen (WJ/142).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d stick to the better-described sereg for “blood”.

sereg

noun. blood

Sindarin [S/437] Group: SINDICT. Published by

sereg

noun. blood

n. blood. Q. serke. >> seregorn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:184] < SEREK blood. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

sereg

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √SEREK of the same meaning (PE17/185). It was an element in the name seregon “blood of stone”, the name of a red plant (S/203; UT/148).

Sindarin [PE17/184; SA/sereg] Group: Eldamo. Published by

agarwaen

bloodstained

(agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ”

auth

war

auth (battle), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".

auth

war

(battle), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".

dagra

make war

(do battle) (i nagra, i ndagrar), also dagrada- (i nagrada, i ndagradar)

iûr

blood

iûr (construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare: BLOODSTAINED agarwaen (agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ””, see STONECROP

iûr

blood

(construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare:

sereg

blood

1) sereg (i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. (Silm App, entry sereg.) 2)

sereg

blood

(i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. *(Silm App, entry sereg.)*

Quenya 

ohta

noun. war

war, hostility

Quenya [PE 18:85n, 87] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ohta

war

ohta noun "war" (OKTA, KOT > KOTH). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, ohta was also the name of tengwa #15 (VT46:7), but Tolkien would later call this letter anca instead changing its value from ht to nc.

ohta

noun. war

Quenya [PE 22:161] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ohta

noun. war

Quenya [PE18/085; PE22/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sercë

blood

sercë ("k")noun "blood" _(SA:sereg, PE17:184; the Etymologies gives _yár as the Quenya word for "blood")

sercë

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √SEREK of the same meaning (PE17/185). It appeared as an element in the word serkilixa “blood-thirsty” from 1968 (NM/176), indicating a stem form of serci-.

Quenya [PE17/184; SA/sereg] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yár

blood

yár (yar-, as in dat.sg. yaren) noun "blood"_ (YAR; the Silmarillion appendix gives _sercë instead. According to VT46:22, Tolkien introduced yór_ as a replacement form in the Etymologies itself.)_

yór

blood

yór noun "blood"; see yár (VT46:22)

Adûnaic

azga Reconstructed

noun. war

A hypothetical noun for “war” appearing as an element in the verb azgarâ- “to wage war”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (VSH/24), though as others have suggested (AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/ZAG’R) it could equally well be azgar.


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Primitive Elvish

oho

root. *egg

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives ᴱQ. ohte “egg” and ᴱQ. oi “bird, hen”; Tolkien speculated it was in fact the same root as ᴱ√OHO “cry” (QL/69). G. och “egg” from the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon is clearly related (GL/62), and probably also G. uil “hen” and G. uitha- “lay eggs, nest” given than they appear adjacent to uith “eggs”, the plural of och (GL/74). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing, but I think it is worth retaining in Neo-Eldarin as ᴺ√OKH.

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/069] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

hari

noun. blood

Early Quenya [PE14/071] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kor

noun. war

Early Quenya [PME/048; QL/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ohta

noun. war

Early Quenya [PE13/151; PE13/164; PE14/045; PE14/075; PE14/109; PE15/78] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vísi

noun. blood

A noun appearing as vísi- “blood” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VIKI or ᴱ√VIT͡YI (QL/60). Its form might be explained by the Early Qenya sound changes ti &gt; tsi &gt; si (PE12/23).

Early Quenya [QL/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

ohta

noun. war

Qenya [Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; EtyAC/OKTĀ; LR/047; LR/056; PE19/055; PE22/020; PE22/022; PE22/044; PE22/051; SD/246; SD/310] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yár

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√YAR of the same meaning (Ety/YAR). Tolkien considered changing the root to ᴹ√YOR and the Quena form to yōr (EtyAC/YAR).

Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. hari “blood” from the Early Quenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s might be a precursor. It in turn was probably related to earlier ᴱQ. hara(nda) “flesh-meat” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39).

Neo-Quenya: Since Tolkien changed its cognate from [N.] iâr to [S.] agar, this Quenya word is probably no longer valid, and for purposes of Neo-Quenya I recommend using the later word Q. sercë “blood” instead.

Qenya [Ety/YAR; EtyAC/YAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yór

noun. blood

Doriathrin

oth

noun. war

A noun for “war” derived from primitive ᴹ✶oktā (Ety/OKTĀ). It is a good example of how double spirants became single in Ilkorin, in this case [kt] > [xθ] (or [θθ]) > [θ].

Doriathrin [Ety/OKTĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ôr

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” derived from the root ᴹ√YAR (Ety/YAR). Its cognates ᴹQ. yár and N. iâr indicates a primitive form ✱✶yār(ǝ) [jārǝ], where the vowel changed to [o] because of Ilkorin a-affection. Helge Fauskanger suggested instead that the primitive form was ✱✶yara because of the Quenya stem form yar-, with a lengthening of the vowel in the primitive monosyllabic form (AL-Ilkorin/ôr) @@@ examine further.

Doriathrin [Ety/YAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

yar

root. blood

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WAƷ; Ety/YAR; EtyAC/YAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by