ost

noun. city, town with wall round

ost

noun. citadel, fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art

ost

noun. fort, fortress, stronghold, citadel; fortified town; enclosure, fort, fortress, stronghold, citadel; (fortified) town, [N.] city; [orig.] [S.] enclosure, [G.] yard

Cognates

• Q. osto “fortress, stronghold, strong place, fortress, stronghold, strong place; [ᴹQ.] city, town with wall round” ✧ SA/os(t); NM/228; WJ/414

Derivations

• ✶ostō “fortress or stronghold” ✧ WJ/414

Element in

• S. Angrenost “Isengard, (lit.) Iron Fortress” ✧ PE17/032; SA/os(t)
• S. Belegost “Mickleburg, (lit.) Great Fortress” ✧ SA/os(t)
• S. Carchost “Fang Fort” ✧ SA/carak
• S. Fornost “Norbury, (lit.) Northern Fortress” ✧ RC/774; SA/os(t)
• ᴺS. munnost “byre, cowhouse”
• S. Narchost “Bitter-biting Fort” ✧ RC/601
• S. Nargothrond “*Underground Fortress of Narog” ✧ SA/os(t)
• ᴺS. níwost “hive”
• S. Osgiliath “Citadel of the Stars” ✧ NM/228; RC/232; SA/os(t)
• S. Ost-in-Edhil “Fortress of the Eldar” ✧ SA/os(t)
• S. othrond “underground stronghold, underground stronghold, [N.] underground city, fortress” ✧ WJ/414

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ostō > ost	[ostō] > [osto] > [ost]	✧ WJ/414

laer

noun. summer

Cognates

• Q. lairë “summer” ✧ LotR/1107

Derivations

• √LAY “*be alive, flourish, [ᴱ√] be alive, flourish”

Element in

• S. Cadlaer “July, *After-summer” ✧ PM/136
• S. Eblaer “June, ?Before-summer” ✧ PM/136

Variations

• laer ✧ LotR/1107
• Laer ✧ PM/136

ost

city

ost (pl. yst) (city/town with wall around).

ost

city

(pl. yst) (city/town with wall around).

ost

stronghold

(fortress, city), pl. yst (WJ:414). The word may appear as os- or oth- before certain consonants in compounds, e.g. Osgiliath ”Citadel (Fortress) of the Stars” (LotR), ostirion (fortress with a watchtower), Othram ”fortress-wall” (WR:288).

ost

fort, fortress

(city, stronghold), pl. yst (WJ:414). The word may appear as os- or oth- before certain consonants in compounds, e.g. Osgiliath ”Citadel (Fortress) of the Stars” (LotR), ostirion (q.v.), Othram ”fortress-wall” (WR:288).

barad

fort, fortress

(fortress, tower) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.

garth

fort, fortress

(i ’arth) (stronghold), pl. gerth (i ngerth = i ñerth)

ostirion

fortress with a watchtower

(pl. ostiryn).

othronn

underground city or stronghold

(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (fortress in a cave or caves). Cited in archaic form othrond in the sources (WJ:414, VT46:12)

othronn

underground stronghold or city

(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (fortress in a cave or caves). Cited in archaic form othrond in the sources (WJ:414, VT46:12)

garth

stronghold

1) garth (i **arth) (stronghold), pl. gerth (i ngerth = i ñerth), 2) ost (fortress, city), pl. yst (WJ:414). The word may appear as os- or oth- before certain consonants in compounds, e.g. Osgiliath ”Citadel (Fortress) of the Stars” (LotR), ostirion (fortress with a watchtower), Othram** ”fortress-wall” (WR:288).

garth

stronghold

(i ’arth) (stronghold), pl. gerth (i ngerth = i ñerth)

garth

fort, fortress

1) garth (i **arth) (stronghold), pl. gerth (i ngerth = i ñerth), 2) ost (city, stronghold), pl. yst (WJ:414). The word may appear as os- or oth- before certain consonants in compounds, e.g. Osgiliath ”Citadel (Fortress) of the Stars” (LotR), ostirion (q.v.), Othram ”fortress-wall” (WR:288). 3) barad (fortress, tower) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad** is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.

laer

summer

laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”song”.

laer

summer

(no distinct pl. form). Note:  a homophone means ”song”.