A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.
Qenya
qenya
noun. Elvish (Tongue), Elfspeech, Elf-latin; belonging to the Qendi, Quendian
Derivations
- ᴹ✶kwendya ✧ PE19/046
Element in
- ᴹQ. Ingweqenya ✧ LR/172; LR/193
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶kwendya > Quenya [kwendja] > [kwenja] ✧ PE19/046 ᴹ✶kwendya > quenja [kwendja] > [kwenja] ✧ PE19/046 Variations
- Qendya ✧ LR/185; LRI/Qenya; PE18/025 (Qendya)
- Quenya ✧ LR/193; LRI/Qenya; PE19/046; RSI/Qenya
- quenja ✧ PE19/046 (Lin. quenja)
- qendya ✧ PE22/066 (qendya)
qendya
noun. Elvish
aire
noun. sea
Changes
aire→ airen “sea” ✧ PE22/023Cognates
- N. oer “sea” ✧ Ety/AY
Derivations
- ᴹ√AY(AR) “sea” ✧ Ety/AY
Element in
- ᴹQ. Alataire “Great Sea” ✧ Ety/AY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AI̯R > aire [aira] ✧ Ety/AY
airen
noun. sea
Derivations
- ᴹ√AY(AR) “sea” ✧ Ety/AY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AI̯R > airen [airen] ✧ Ety/AY
earen
noun. sea
vea
noun. sea
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶vaı̯ā > vea [vajā] > [vea] ✧ PE21/17 Variations
- vea ✧ PE21/08; PE21/17
kas
noun. head
Cognates
- N.
câs“top, summit” ✧ EtyAC/KASDerivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. kallo tallo “up and down (again)” ✧ PE21/22
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KAS > kas [kas] ✧ Ety/KAS Variations
- kas ✧ EtyAC/KAS (
kas); PE21/16; PE21/22; PE21/58 (kas)- kas- ✧ PE21/19
kár
noun. head
Derivations
- ᴹ√KAS “head” ✧ Ety/KAS
Element in
- ᴹQ. Eldakar “Elfhelm”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KAS > kár [kās] > [kār] ✧ Ety/KAS
qalin
adjective. dead, dead, [ᴱQ.] dying
Derivations
- ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” ✧ Ety/KWAL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KWAL > qalin [kwalin] ✧ Ety/KWAL
hún
noun. earth, earth, *ground
Variations
- hun ✧ PE21/19
lorna
adjective. asleep
An adjective for “asleep” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√LOS “sleep” (Ety/LOS).
Cognates
- N.
lhorn“asleep” ✧ Ety/LOSDerivations
- ᴹ√(O)LOS “sleep; dream” ✧ Ety/LOS
Element in
- ᴺQ. lornata- “to put to sleep”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LOS > lorna [lōsna] > [lōzna] > [lōrna] ✧ Ety/LOS
luina
adjective. pale
Cognates
- Ilk. lûn “pale” ✧ EtyAC/LUY
Derivations
- ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ EtyAC/LUY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LUY > luina [luina] ✧ EtyAC/LUY
lóna
adjective. dark
Cognates
- N. dûr “dark” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
Derivations
- ᴹ√DOƷ “night” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√DOƷ/DÔ > lóna [doɣna] > [dōna] > [lōna] ✧ Ety/DOƷ Variations
- lóna ✧ Ety/DOƷ
ninqe
adjective. white
Cognates
- N. nimp “pale” ✧ Ety/NIK-W
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. nieninqe “snowdrop, (lit.) white tear” ✧ Ety/NIK-W
- ᴹQ. Ninqendi “White-elves”
- ᴹQ. ninqeri “*white (female thing or personification)” ✧ PE21/15
- ᴹQ. ninqeru “white man, white male swan, white ship, white (male thing or personification)” ✧ PE21/15
- ᴹQ. ninqisse “whiteness” ✧ Ety/NIK-W
- ᴹQ. Ninqelóte “Pale Blossom”
- ᴹQ. ninqita- “to whiten, make white; to shine white” ✧ Ety/NIK-W; Ety/NIK-W
- ᴹQ. Taniqetil “High White Horn” ✧ Ety/NIK-W
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ninkwi > ninqe [niŋkwi] > [niŋkwe] ✧ Ety/NIK-W
sorne
noun. eagle
soron
noun. eagle
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴹ√THOR(ON) “come swooping down” ✧ Ety/THOR
Element in
- ᴹQ. Sorni Númenvalion anner “the Eagles of the Powers of the West are at hand” ✧ SD/290
- ᴹQ. Es sorni heruion an “the Eagles of the Lords are at hand” ✧ SD/290
- ᴹQ. Soroni númenheruen ettuler “*the Eagles of the Western Lords are coming forth” ✧ SD/290
- ᴹQ. Sorontar “King of Eagles” ✧ Ety/THOR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√THÓRON > sorne [tʰorone] > [tʰorne] > [θorne] > [sorne] ✧ Ety/THOR Variations
- sorne ✧ Ety/THOR
uruite
adjective. fiery
A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fiery”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. úr “fire” under the root ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but these words were deleted when the meaning of the root was revised to “wide, large, great” (Ety/UR).
Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱQ. uruvoite “fiery, having fire” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√URU (QL/98).
Neo-Quenya: The word úr “fire” was restored in some later writings, and this adjective may have been restored with it, but I prefer ᴺQ. úruva for “fiery”; see that entry for discussion.
Derivations
- ᴹ√
UR“be hot” ✧ Ety/URPhonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√UR > uruite [uruite] ✧ Ety/UR
úmea
adjective. evil
Cognates
- ᴺS. um “bad, evil”
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√um > úmea [ūmea] ✧ EtyAC/UGU Variations
- ūmea ✧ Ety/UGU
úruva
adjective. fiery
A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as ᴹQ. úruva “fiery”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. úr “fire” under the root ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but these words were deleted when the meaning of the root was revised to “wide, large, great” (Ety/UR).
Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. urūva “like fire” also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√URU (QL/98).
Neo-Quenya: The word úr “fire” was restored in some later writings, and this adjective may have been restored with it. I personally would use ᴺQ. úruva “fiery” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. See the entry on ᴹQ. úr for further discussion on the viability of “fire” words based on √UR.
Derivations
- ᴹ√
UR“be hot” ✧ Ety/URPhonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√UR > úruva [ūruwa] > [ūruva] ✧ Ety/UR
ambor
noun. breast, breast, *chest
The word ᴹQ. ambor “breast” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, derived from ᴹ✶amƀus (PE21/33). This word shows the Early Qenya sound change whereby [[eq|final [s] became [r]]]; in Tolkien’s later writings this change applied mainly to intervocalic [s]. This word also had the unusual development of u to o in final syllables, a sound change Tolkien used for Quenya in the Declension of Nouns but nowhere else.
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave ᴱQ. ambar “breast” with stems ambar- or ambas- (QL/30); the word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, but only with the stem ambas- (PME/30). ᴱQ. ambos was glossed “breast” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/136), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. ambos (ambost-) appeared as a word related to both ᴱN. bost “back, from shoulder to shoulder” and ᴱN. amoth “shoulder” (PE13/137, 139, 159), the latter with primitive forms ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ (PE13/137) or ᴱ✶a-mbos-t (PE13/159).
ᴱQ. ambar reappeared in the phrase ᴱQ. níve qímari ringa ambar “the pale phantoms in her cold bosom” from the Oilima Markirya poem written around 1930. Early 1930s ᴹQ. ambor seems to be the last published iteration of this word, as discussed above.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. ambos (ambor-) “breast, chest” to fit better with later Quenya phonology. It might be an ancient combination of √AM “up” and ᴹ√OS “around”, perhaps with the original sense “upper enclosure (of the body)”.
Derivations
- ᴹ✶amƀus “breast” ✧ PE21/33
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶amƀus- > ambor [amβus] > [ambus] > [ambur] > [ambor] ✧ PE21/33
tyulma
noun. mast
Cognates
- Ad. sulum “mast” ✧ SD/419
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. Meneltyúla
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tyulmā > tyulma [tjulmā] > [tjulma] ✧ Ety/TYUL ᴹ✶kyulumā > tyulma [kjulumā] > [kjulmā] > [tjulmā] > [tjulma] ✧ SD/419
muile
noun. secrecy
Cognates
- Ilk. muil “twilight, shadow, vagueness” ✧ Ety/MUY
Derivations
- ᴹ√MUY “*secret” ✧ Ety/MUY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MUY > muile [muile] ✧ Ety/MUY
vai(y)a
noun. envelope
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. Vaiya “Outer Sea, Enfolding Ocean”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶wāyā > waia > vaia [wājā] > [waija] > [waia] > [vaia] ✧ Ety/WAY ᴹ✶wāyā > waiya > vaiya [wājā] > [waija] > [waia] > [vaia] ✧ Ety/WAY Variations
- vaia ✧ Ety/WAY
- vaiya ✧ Ety/WAY; EtyAC/WAY
in
pronoun. that
kelulinde
noun. spring
kuive
noun. awakening
kuivie
noun. awakening
Cognates
- N. echui(w) “awakening” ✧ Ety/KUY
Derivations
- ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” ✧ Ety/KUY
Element in
- ᴹQ. Kuiviénen “Waters of Awakening” ✧ Ety/KUY
- ᴹQ. kuivea “wakening” ✧ Ety/KUY
- ᴹQ. kuivie, kuivie, ankalim’esselínen “*awake, awake, brighter by [their] names” ✧ SD/047; SD/047
- ᴹQ.
kuivie, kuivie, laurea esselínen“awake, awake, golden by [their] names” ✧ SD/047 (Kuivië, kuivië! laurea’esselínen); SD/047 (Kuivië, kuivië! laurea’esselínen*)Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KUY > kuive [kuiwe] > [kuive] ✧ Ety/KUY Variations
- kuive ✧ Ety/KUY
- kuivië ✧ SD/047
no
preposition. under
nu
preposition. under
Cognates
- N. no “under” ✧ Ety/NU
Derivations
- ᴹ√NU/UNU “*down, under” ✧ Ety/NU
Element in
- ᴹQ. lantaner Turkildi nuhuinenna “the Lordly Men [Númenóreans] fell under shadow” ✧ LR/047; LR/056; SD/246; SD/310
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NŪ̆ > no [nu] > [no] ✧ Ety/NU Variations
- no ✧ Ety/NU
- nau ✧ EtyAC/NU
sa
pronoun. that
Element in
- ᴹQ. me·láner fasta sa yára Túro “we were not pleased [that old Túro...]” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tule “I said he is coming, I said (that) he was coming” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tulle “I said he came, I stated that (at some time previous to my speaking) he came (but was no longer present)” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·utúlie “I said he had come” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qete (sa) e·tule “I say (that) he is coming” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. san “*then”
ve
preposition. with
Element in
- ᴹQ. ni·utúlie nyariello ve atarella “I have just come from talking with your father” ✧ PE22/119
wilwarin
noun. butterfly
Cognates
- ᴹT. vilviren “butterfly” ✧ Ety/WIL
- N. gwilwileth “butterfly” ✧ Ety/WIL
- Ilk. gwilwering “butterfly” ✧ Ety/WIL
ye
preposition. at
Derivations
- ᴹ✶yē “at” ✧ PE21/27
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶yē > ye [je] ✧ PE21/27
fuine
noun. deep shadow
rá
noun. lion
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶rāu̯ > rá [rāw] > [rā] ✧ Ety/RAW ᴹ✶rāwa > rāva [rāwa] > [rāva] ✧ PE19/062 ᴹ✶rắwă > rāu [rāwa] > [rāw] ✧ PE21/69 Variations
- rāva ✧ PE19/062
- rú ✧ PE21/40
- rāu ✧ PE21/69 (rāu)
tsette
noun. fly
vista
place name. Air
Name for the region of Air in Silmarillion notes from the 1930s (SM/236). It is simply vista “air as substance” used as a name.
Elements
Word Gloss vista “air as substance”
yondo
noun. son
Cognates
- N. ionn “son” ✧ Ety/YŌ
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. a yonya inye tye-méla “and I too, my son, I love thee” ✧ LR/061
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√YON > yondo [jondo] ✧ Ety/YŌ
i
pronoun. that
Element in
- ᴹQ. he·meruvar i Túro kárathe “they will wish that T. is (then) making it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. isse “where”
- ᴹQ. le·merne i ni·karnéte “you wished that I had made (lit. made) it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. malkar i·aldar i·ólar nóressella “how great are the trees that grow in your land?” ✧ PE22/124
- ᴹQ. manar i·ennor/lie i me·kenner “who (are or were) the persons/people that we saw?” ✧ PE22/124
- ᴹQ. mennai Orome tanna lende i erenekkoitanie “until Orome came hither that he might awake them” ✧ VT27/07
- ᴹQ. me·merner i Túro kárathe “we wished that Turo was making it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. me·merner i Túro tule “we wished that Turo come” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·karithe “I wish him to do it/that he do(es) it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·tule “I wish him to come/that he come(s)” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. vahaia nóre ëa i a-esta Valinor “far away (there) is a land called Valinor” ✧ PE22/124
Variations
- i ✧ PE22/118; PE22/124; PE22/124; VT27/07
- in ✧ PE22/118
kala
noun. light
Cognates
- N. glaw “radiance” ✧ Ety/KAL
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶k’lā́ > kala [kala] ✧ Ety/KAL
kalumet
noun. lamp
ráva
noun. lion
rú
noun. lion
sana
adjective. that
Element in
- ᴹQ. aldar olar sana nóresse “trees grow in that land” ✧ PE22/116
vaiwa
noun. wind
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺQ. hwinwaiwa “whirlwind”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√WAIWA > waiwa > vaiwa [waiwa] > [vaiwa] > [vaiwa] ✧ Ety/WĀ
óre
noun. rising, rising, *rise; [ᴱQ.] dawn, Sunrise, East
Derivations
- ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/ORO
Element in
- ᴹQ. anaróre “sunrise” ✧ Ety/ORO
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ORO > óre [ōre] ✧ Ety/ORO
koire
noun. Stirring
Cognates
- N. echuir “early Spring, (lit.) stirring” ✧ PM/134
Derivations
- ᴹ√KOY “live, have life”
Element in
Variations
- Coirë ✧ PM/134
lamba
noun. tongue
Changes
lambe→ lamba ✧ EtyAC/LABCognates
- N. lham(b) “tongue” ✧ Ety/LAB
Derivations
- ᴹ√LAB “lick” ✧ Ety/LAB
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LAB > lamba [lamba] ✧ Ety/LAB Variations
- lamba ✧ Ety/LAB; EtyAC/LAB
- lambe ✧ EtyAC/LAB (
lambe)
lango
noun. throat
Changes
lango→ lanko “neck” ✧ Ety/LANKCognates
- N. lhanc “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK
Derivations
- ᴹ√LAK “swallow” ✧ Ety/LANK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LANG > lango [laŋgo] ✧ Ety/LANK Variations
- lango ✧ Ety/LANK (
lango); EtyAC/LANK (lango); PE21/08- langwi ✧ EtyAC/LANK (✶
langwi)
lanko
noun. throat
Cognates
- N. lhanc “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK; Ety/LAK¹
Derivations
- ᴹ√LAK “swallow” ✧ Ety/LAK¹; Ety/LANK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LAK¹ > lanko [laŋko] ✧ Ety/LAK¹ ᴹ√LANK > lanko [laŋko] ✧ Ety/LANK
laure
noun. gold
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GLAW(-R) > laure [glaurē] > [ɣlaurē] > [laurē] > [laure] ✧ Ety/GLAW(-R) ᴹ✶laurē > laure [laurē] > [laure] ✧ Ety/LÁWAR
maiwe
noun. gull
Cognates
- N. maew “gull” ✧ Ety/MIW
Derivations
- ᴹ√MIW “whine” ✧ Ety/MIW
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MIW > maiwe [maiwe] ✧ Ety/MIW
mitsa
adjective. small
Cognates
- N.
mithren“small” ✧ EtyAC/MIT; EtyAC/MITDerivations
Element in
- ᴺQ. mitsavëo “micro-organism”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶mitra > mitsa [mitra] > [mitsa] ✧ EtyAC/MIT ᴹ√MIT > minte [minte] ✧ EtyAC/MIT Variations
minte✧ EtyAC/MIT (minte)
nelde
cardinal. three
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴹ√NELED “three” ✧ Ety/NEL
Element in
- ᴹQ. Neldion “Day of the Three, fifth day of the Valian week”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NÉL-ED > nelde [nelede] > [nelde] ✧ Ety/NEL
parma
noun. book
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. parmaina “of books, literary”
- ᴹQ. Parma Kuluina “Golden Book”
- ᴹQ. Parmalambe “Book-tongue” ✧ Ety/PAR
- ᴹQ. Parmaqesta “Book-language”
- ᴹQ. parmatéma “p-series”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶parmā > parma [parmā] > [parma] ✧ Ety/PAR ᴹ✶parmā > parma [parmā] > [parma] ✧ PE18/051 ᴹ✶parmānĕ > parmān > parman [parmāne] > [parmān] > [parman] ✧ PE21/61
ringe
noun. cold, cold, *chill
Changes
ringa→ ringe ✧ Ety/RINGICognates
Derivations
- ᴹ√RINGI “cold” ✧ Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√RINGI > ringe [riŋgi] > [riŋge] ✧ Ety/RINGI ᴹ√RINGĀ > ringa [riŋgā] > [riŋga] ✧ EtyAC/RINGI Variations
- ringa ✧ EtyAC/RINGI (
ringa)
tanna
adverb. thither
Element in
- ᴹQ. mennai Orome tanna lende i erenekkoitanie “until Orome came hither that he might awake them” ✧ VT27/07
Elements
Word Gloss ta “that, it”
telpe
noun. silver
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴹ√KYELEP “silver” ✧ Ety/KYELEP; Ety/KYELEP
Element in
- ᴹQ. telpina “of silver”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KYELEP/TELEP > telpe [kjelepe] > [kjelpe] > [tjelpe] ✧ Ety/KYELEP ᴹ√KYÉLEP > telpe [kjelepe] > [kjelpe] > [tjelpe] ✧ Ety/KYELEP Variations
- tyelpe ✧ Ety/KYELEP (
tyelpe); Ety/KYELEP; EtyAC/KYELEP; PE22/023; PE22/052
eresse
noun. solitude
Element in
- ᴹQ. eressea “lonely” ✧ Ety/ERE
Elements
Word Gloss er “one, alone” -sse “abstract noun”
kalina
adjective. light
Cognates
- N. calen “green, (orig.) bright-coloured” ✧ Ety/KAL
Derivations
- ᴹ√KAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KAL > kalina [kalina] ✧ Ety/KAL
tol
noun. island
Cognates
- N. toll “island, isle” ✧ Ety/TOL²
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. Tol Eressea “Lonely Isle” ✧ Ety/TOL²
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tollo > tol [tollo] > [toll] > [tol] ✧ Ety/TOL² Variations
- tolle ✧ EtyAC/TOL²
tyelpe
noun. silver
karkane
noun. row of teeth
A word for a “row of teeth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, an elaboration of ᴹQ. karka “tooth” (Ety/KARAK).
Derivations
- ᴹ√KARAK “sharp fang, spike, tooth” ✧ Ety/KARAK
Elements
Word Gloss karka “tooth” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KÁRAK > karkane [karkane] ✧ Ety/KARAK
miqilis
noun. kiss
Derivations
- ᴱ√MIQI “kiss”
oio
noun. bird
An adjective for “dead” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” (Ety/KWAL).
Conceptual Development: The adjective ᴱQ. qalin meant “dead” all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s where it was derived from the early root ᴱ√QALA “die” (QL/76; PME/76). In the Qenya Lexicon it has an archaic variant ᴱQ. †qalna (QL/76). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, qalin appeared in the stative construction qalinya {“is dead” >>} “is dying” (PE16/140).