Primitive elvish
sat
root. space, place; divide, apportion, mark off
Derivatives
- ✶satya- “set aside” ✧ VT42/19
- S. seidia- “to set aside, appropriate to a special purpose or owner” ✧ VT42/20
- ✶-stā “collective suffix”
- S. -ath “collective or group plural”
- Q. asta “month; division, part (esp. one of other equal parts)” ✧ VT42/19; VT48/11
- ᴺQ. sasta- “to put, place”
- Q. sat- “to set aside, appropriate to a special purpose or owner” ✧ VT42/19
- ᴺQ. satta “part (of something)”
- Q. satya “private, separate, not common, excluded” ✧ VT42/19
- Q. -sta “land, part, part; [ᴹQ.] close grouping, land” ✧ VT42/19
- S. sad “place, spot” ✧ VT42/19
- S. said “private, separate, not common, excluded” ✧ VT42/19
- S. sant “garden, field, yard” ✧ VT42/19
- ᴺS. sasta- “to put, place”
- ᴺS. sath “part”
Element in
- Q. ca(na)sta “one fourth, one fourth, *quarter” ✧ VT48/11
- Q. estat- “to distribute in even portions, to distribute (in even portions), *partition” ✧ VT48/11
- ᴺQ. etsatië “especially”
- ᴺQ. hraitasta “detail”
- Q. lepesta “one fifth” ✧ VT48/11
- Q. nel(d)esta “one third” ✧ VT48/11
- Q. ne(re)sta “one ninth” ✧ VT48/11
- Q. o(to)sta “one seventh” ✧ VT48/11
- ᴺQ. santa “garden, field, yard; apportioned/designated space”
- Q. to(lo)sta “one eighth” ✧ VT48/11
- ᴺQ. ustat- “to misappropriate, supplant, usurp”
- ᴺS. oreth “hour”
- ᴺS. orest “hour”
Variations
- sat ✧ VT48/11
sat(ar)
root. faithful, trust, loyal, rely, steadfast
Derivatives
Variations
- SAT ✧ PE17/145; PE17/183
- SATAR ✧ PE17/145; PE17/183
ekka
noun. hole
Derivatives
- ᴺQ. ecca “hole, *lair”
Element in
- S. torech “lair, (secret) hole, excavation” ✧ PE17/188
khamu-
verb. to sit down
Derivations
- ᴹ√KHAM “sit (down)”
Variations
- khamu ✧ PE22/135
The root √SAT appeared in notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from the late 1960s glossed “space, place, a limited area naturally or artificially defined” with various derivatives like Q. sati-/S. seidia- “set aside, appropriate to a special purpose or owner”, Q. satya/S. said “private, separate, not common, excluded”, and S. sad “place, spot” (VT42/19-20). The same root appeared in notes on fractions from 1968 with the gloss “divide, apportion”. It was likely also connected to the primitive suffix ✶-stā ( PE18/35; PE21/57, 82) that was the basis for the Sindarin/Noldorin collective suffix -ath, as well as the Quenya suffix Q. -sta often seen in place names like the regions of Númenor, and apparently meaning “any particular arrangement, grouping or collection [of things]” (VT39/16, 20 note #27).
A possible early precursor is the (hypothetical) root ᴱ√SATA needed to explain words in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s such as G. sad- “reck, care, value, esteem, show respect for, consider” and G. sâd “riches, wealth” (GL/66), but the apparent meaning “✱value” is far removed from the later meaning of the root √SAT = “space; apportion”. There was, however, another root √SAT(AR) Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 with the gloss “faithful, trust, loyal, rely, steadfast” and derivatives like Q. astar/S. astor “faith, loyalty” and Q. satar/S. sadron “trusty follower, loyal companion” (PE17/183), the last appearing as an element in the name S. Echad i Sedryn “Camp of the Faithful” (UT/153). This 1957 root is a bit closer in meaning to ᴱ√SATA “✱value”, though still not an exact match.
Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume √SAT = “space; apportion” and unrelated √SATAR = “faithful, loyal”.