Primitive elvish

sen

root. let loose, free, let go

A primitive form given as ✱sen- “let loose, free, let go” to explain the verb ✶ab(a)sene- > Q. apsen- “remit, release, forgive” from the final Quenya version of the Lord’s Prayer from the 1950s (VT43/12, 18). It is probably the basis for the (mutated) element hen in similar words in the Sindarin version of the Lord’s Prayer: S. díhena- and gohena-, as suggested by Bill Welden (VT44/22, 28-29). This primitive element ✱sen- appears nowhere else with this meaning, and is similar in semantic scope to the better established root √LEK.

Derivatives

  • ab(a)sene- ✧ VT43/18
    • Q. apsen- “to remit, release, forgive” ✧ VT43/18
  • Q. sen- “to let loose, free, let go” ✧ VT43/18
  • S. díhena- “*to forgive”
  • S. gohena- “*to forgive”

Variations

  • sen- ✧ VT43/18
Primitive elvish [VT43/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sin

root. this

sĭnā

adjective. this

Derivatives

  • Q. sina “this” ✧ VT49/18
  • S. sen “this” ✧ PE17/044; VT49/34

Variations

  • sĭna ✧ PE17/044
Primitive elvish [PE17/044; VT49/18; VT49/34] Group: Eldamo. Published by

si

root. this, this, [ᴹ√] here, now

Tolkien used √SI as the basis for “near demonstratives” like “here” and “now” from very early in his writings on Elvish. The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had two competing roots ᴱ√HYA “this by us” with derivatives like ᴱQ. hyá “here by us” (QL/41) and ᴱ√KI “this by me” with derivative ᴱQ. tyá (< ᴱ✶kı̯-ā) “now” (QL/41, 49). Indications of the latter can be seen words in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. {“now” >>} “here” and G. cîrin “present (place or time), modern” [gloss deleted] (GL/26). However, Tolkien also introduced a new root ᴱ√si(n) “this here by me” with derivatives like G. “here” and G. sith “hither” (GL/68). Revisions of Gnomish ci- word glosses indicate Tolkien was vacillating on which forms were temporal and which were spatial.

In The Etymologies Tolkien gave the root ᴹ√SI “this, here, now” with derivatives like ᴹQ. or sin “now” and ᴹQ. sinya/N. sein “new” (Ety/SI). The root √SI was mentioned a couple times in Tolkien’s later writings, usually glossed “this” (PE17/67; VT48/25; VT49/18) and in one place with the variant √SIN (PE17/67). This root was not entirely without competition in Tolkien’s later notes, however: in one place he gave primitive ✶khĭn- as the possible basis for Q. “here” and S. “now” in 1968 notes on demonstratives, though it appeared beside primitive ✶si- forms (VT49/34 note #21).

Derivatives

  • “this (by me), now or here” ✧ PE17/067
    • Q. “now” ✧ PE17/067; VT49/18
    • S. “here, in this place (of speaker)” ✧ PE17/067
  • Q. si “this”
  • Q. sië “thus”
  • Q. sin “*thus”
  • ᴺS. se “this”
  • ᴺS. sin “these”

Element in

  • kenásĭta “if it be so, may be, perhaps”
  • Q. sinomë “here, (lit.) in this place” ✧ PE17/067
  • ᴺS. “yet, hither(to), hereto”
  • S. sír “*today, this day”

Variations

  • SĬ/SĬN ✧ PE17/067; PE17/184
  • SI ✧ VT48/25
Primitive elvish [PE17/067; PE17/184; VT48/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by