san (1) adv. "then" (MC:216; also twice in Narqelion), a "Qenya" term apparently replaced by tá in Tolkiens later conception. In his later Quenya, san would be the dative form of sa "it", hence "for it; to it".
Quenya
pan
since
pan
conjunction. *since
Changes
pan→ an “*since” ✧ VT49/18
san
then
tai
then
tai (3) adv. "then", also tá (which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well) (VT49:33)
tai
1lE adverb. then
ta
then
ta (4) conj., said to be a reducted form of tá "then", used "before each new item in a series or list"; "if as often in English the equivalent of and was omitted, and placed only before a final item [e.g. Tom, Dick, and Harriet], this would in Quenya represent a discontinuity, and what followed after ta would be an addition of something overlooked or less important". (PE17:70) Hence the use of arta (ar ta, "and ta") for "et cetera"; in older language ta ta or just ta.
tá
then
tá 1) adv. "then" (VT49:11). Cf. ta #4.
tá
adverb. then
Derivations
- √TA “that, there, then; demonstrative”
Element in
- Q. tenta “still, yet [past], still, yet [past], *up until then”
Variations
- tā ✧ VT49/11; VT49/33
- tai ✧ VT49/33
italo
conjunction. since
Elements
Word Gloss ita “that which, what”
sincë
noun. mineral [as in any solid inorganic substance], gem, metal
Cognates
- ᴺS. sinc “*mineral, [G.] metal”
Derivations
- ✶sinki “*mineral”
Element in
- ᴺQ. sinilë “topaz”
pan
conjunction. *since, because
@@@ NQNT frequently uses the instrumental where English uses “because”, e.g. poldorelyanen “because of your strength, (lit.) by means of your strength”. NQNT generally uses pan for “since, because” when used as a conjugation joining phrases: pan pennelte savie “since they lacked faith”. Tamas Ferencz suggests that an “for” might also be used this way, though I think the meaning would be slightly different. However, Tolkien himself seems to have used an in this way in the Ambidexters Sentence: úsië, an cé mo quernë cendelë númenna, ve senya i hyarma tentanë Melcorello: “on the contrary, for [because] if one turned the face westward, as was usual the left hand pointed away from Melkor”.
This word probably should not be used temporally, as in the English “since then”. Sami Paldanius suggested the phrase lúmello yá “from a time when ...” for that purpose.
Elements
Word Gloss pá “touching, against, on (above but touching); as regards, concerning, touching, against, on (above but touching); as regards, concerning, [ᴹQ.] about”
pan adv. "since" (in the sense of because) (VT49:17, 18). The word comes from a text that was later struck out; we cannot know whether Tolkien rejected the word as such.