ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_
Quenya
an
for
an
adverb/conjunction. for, but, then, or; moreover, furthermore
Derivations
Element in
- Q. an quetta “a word more, to add to what has been said” ✧ PE17/091
- Q. an sí Tintallë Varda Oiolossëo ve fanyar máryat Elentári ortanë “for now the Kindler, Varda, the Queen of the Stars from Mount Everwhite has uplifted her hands like clouds” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
- Q. an sí Varda, Tintallë, Elentári ortanë máryat Oiolossëo ve fanyar “for now Varda, Star-kindler, Star-queen [has] lifted up her (two) hands from Mount Everwhite like (white) clouds” ✧ RGEO/59
- Q. úsië, an cé mo quernë cendelë númenna, ve senya “on the contrary, for if one turned the face westward, as was usual” ✧ VT49/18
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶and(ă) > an [anda] > [and] > [an] ✧ PE17/090 ✶am(a) > an [ama] > [am] > [an] ✧ PE17/091 √ANA/NĀ > an [an] ✧ PE17/146 Variations
- An ✧ LotR/0377; PE17/069; PE17/091; RGEO/58; RGEO/59
an-
prefix. intensive prefix
Changes
- an- → an ✧ PE17/090
Cognates
- S. an- “intensive prefix”
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶and(a) > an- [an-] ✧ PE17/090 ✶and(a) > anda- [anda-] ✧ PE17/090 ✶am > an [am-] ✧ PE17/090 √AMA > ama [ama-] ✧ PE17/091 ✶am > an [am-] ✧ PE17/092 √ANA/NĀ > an- [an-] ✧ PE17/146 √ANA/NA > an- [an-] ✧ PE21/79 Variations
- an ✧ PE17/056; PE17/057; PE17/090; PE17/092; PE17/092
- ana ✧ PE17/056; PE17/057
- ana- ✧ PE17/056
- añ- ✧ PE17/090
- am ✧ PE17/090; PE17/091 (am)
- anda- ✧ PE17/090
- ama ✧ PE17/091 (ama)
- ama- ✧ PE17/092
ana
to
ana-
prefix. to, towards
Derivations
- √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/147
Element in
- Q. arcandë “petition” ✧ VT44/08 (
anarcandemman*)Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √AN/NĀ > ana- [ana-] ✧ PE17/147 Variations
- ana- ✧ PE17/147 (ana-)
- an- ✧ VT44/08 (
an-)
anna
gift
anna noun "gift" (ANA1, SA), "a thing handed, brought or sent to a person" (PE17:125), also name of tengwa #23 (Appendix E); pl. annar "gifts" in Fíriel's Song. Masc. name Annatar "Lord of Gifts, *Gift-lord", name assumed by Sauron when he tried to seduce the Eldar in the Second Age (SA:tar). Eruanna noun "God-gift", gift of God, i.e. "grace" (VT43:38)
anwa
noun. gift
-ien
suffix. -land
Element in
Variations
- -ien ✧ PE17/071 (-ien)
an(a)
preposition. to, towards, to a point near, alongside, to, towards, to a point near, alongside; [ᴱQ.] until
Derivations
- √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/146; PE21/79
Element in
- Q. an i falmalī “*on the foaming waves” ✧ PE17/127
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √ANA/NĀ > ana [ana] ✧ PE17/146 √ANA/NA > na [ana] ✧ PE21/79 Variations
- an ✧ PE17/127
- ana ✧ PE17/147; VT49/35
- na ✧ PE21/79
in
the
i (1) "the", indeclinable definite article (I, Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya, WJ:369, WJ:398, MC:215, 216, 221). A variant in (q.v.) is also attested. Hyphenated i- in i-mar "the earth" (FS), i-Ciryamo "the mariner's" (UT:8), i-aldar "the trees" (Narqelion), attached with a dot in i·yulmar "the cups" (VT48:11), I·Eldanyárë "the History of the Elves" (LR:199), i·arya *"the best" (PE17:57), directly prefixed with no hyphen or dot in icilyanna = i cilyanna in SD:247, also ihyarma "the left hand" in VT49:22 (but i hyarma in other versions of the same text).
in
article. the
na
to, towards
na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).
na
preposition. to, towards
@@@ fix weird cognate bug
ten
for
ten (2) conj. "for", in Fíriel's Song; apparently replaced by an in LotR-style Quenya.
-nna
to
-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of -nă "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).
-nna
to, at, upon
-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.
anna, anwa
noun. gift
atya
daddy
atya (2) noun "daddy", supposedly a word in "actual 'family' use" (VT47:26, PE17:170), also used in children's play for "thumb" and "big toe" (VT47:10, 26, VT48:4, 6); reduction of at(an)ya "my father" (or, as explained in VT48:19, reduction of at-nya of similar meaning). Compare atto.
(a)taryo
noun. daddy
Námo
person, somebody
námo (2) noun "a person, somebody" (PM:340 writers may prefer the synonym quén to avoid confusion with # 1)
ataryo
daddy
ataryo, also taryo (cited as (a)taryo), noun "daddy", also used as a name for the thumb in children's play, but Tolkien emended it to atto/atya (VT48:4). Compare atar "father".
falma
(crested/foaming) wave
falma noun "(crested/foaming) wave" (PHAL/PHÁLAS), "a wave-crest, wave" (VT42:15), "foam wave" (PE17:127), "a breaker" (PE17:62), partitive pl. falmali "many waves" (PE17:73), allative falmalinnar "on the foaming waves" in Namárië(Nam, RGEO:67); the phrase an i falmalī _(PE17:74) seems to be a paraphrase of this with an independent preposition instead of the allative ending -nna (see an #1). Compounded in Falmari, a name of the Teleri, and Mar-nu-Falmar, "Home/Land under Waves", a name of Númenor after the Downfall. (SA:falas) Falmari "wave-folk", a name of the Teleri (PM:386). In earlier "Qenya", falma was glossed "foam" (LT1:253, cf. MC:213). Compare also the early "Qenya" words falmar "wave as it breaks" (LT1:253), pl. falmari "waves" (MC:216)_
nassë
person, an individual
nassë (1) "a person, an individual" (VT49:30). Also translated "true-being" (pl. nasser is attested), the inner "true" being of a person. With a pronominal suffix in the form nassentar "their true-being" (PE17:175, cf. -nta #2), in the source referring to the "true" spiritual nature of the Valar, as hidden within their visible shapes. The word nassentar would seem to be plural, *"their true-beings". Not to be confused with the verb nassë/násë "he/she is"; see ná #1.
-wë
person
-wë a suffix occurring in many personal names, generally but not exclusively masculine (Elenwë is the sole certain example of a fem. name with this ending); it is derived from a stem simply meaning "person" (PM:340, WJ:399). In Etym, -wë is simply defined as an element that is frequent in masculine names, and it is there derived from a stem (WEG) having to do with "(manly) vigour".
am(a)-
prefix. intensive prefix
-o
person, somebody
-o (2), also -ó, "a person, somebody", pronominal suffix (PM:340)
i
article. the
Cognates
- S. i “the” ✧ PE17/066
Element in
- Q. aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie’n aurë “Behold, people of the Eldar and Fathers of Men, the day has come!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
- Q. alcar i Ataren ar i Yondon ar i Airefëan “glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit” ✧ VT43/37; VT43/37; VT43/37
- Q. ar aistana i yávë mónalyo Yésus “and blessed is the fruit of thy womb Jesus” ✧ VT43/31
- Q. ar ámen apsenë úcaremmar “and forgive us our trespasses” ✧ VT43/19
- Q. ar i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa tennoio “and of the One who is above all thrones for ever” ✧ UT/305
- Q. ar mi cemen rainë i hínin “and on earth peace, good will toward men” ✧ VT44/35; VT44/35
- Q. á sac’ i fendë, mecin “close the door, please” ✧ PE22/166
- Q. auta i lómë “The night is passing!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
- Q. caitas lá i sír “it is beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
- Q. caitas palla i sír “it is far beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
- Q. eldar ataformaiti “the Elves were ambidexters” ✧ VT49/08
- Q. epetai i hyarma ú ten ulca símaryassen “consequently the left hand was not to them evil in their imaginations” ✧ VT49/12
- Q. et i péti “*out of the lips, out of the mouth” ✧ VT47/35
- Q. Heru Imillion “Lord of the Rings” ✧ DTS/54
- Q. i arani Eldaive “The kings of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/369
- Q. i arani Eldaron “The kings of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/369
- Q. i Equessi Rúmilo “The Sayings of Rúmil” ✧ WJ/398
- Q. i fairi nécë “the pale phantoms” ✧ MC/221; MC/222
- Q. i falmalinnar imbë met “on the foaming waves between us” ✧ LotR/0377; PE17/127; RGEO/58
- Q. an i falmalī “*on the foaming waves” ✧ PE17/127
- Q. i falmalinnar imbë met “upon the (many) foaming waves between us (two)” ✧ RGEO/59
- Q. i Héru aselyë “the Lord is with thee” ✧ VT43/29
- Q. i hyarma tentanë Melcorello “the left hand pointed away from Melkor” ✧ VT49/22
- Q. Indis i·Ciryamo “The Mariner’s Wife” ✧ UT/008
- Q. Ingoldo “The Noldo” ✧ PE19/076
- Q. i roccor rindi “the horses are swift” ✧ PE21/77
- Q. i Tumbo Tarmacorto “the Vale of the High Mountain Circle” ✧ NM/351
- Q. i Túrin i Cormaron “the Lord of the Rings” ✧ Minor-Doc/1973-05-30; Minor-Doc/1973-05-30
- Q. i tyulma ciryava “the mast of the ship” ✧ PE21/80
- Q. i·oromandi tanna lendë “*the wood-spirits came thither” ✧ PE16/096
- Q. lan i Valaron arcanwar tauvar “*while the thrones of the Valar endure” ✧ PE22/147
- Q. lendes lann’ i sír “he came (to a point) beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
- Q. lendes pallan(na) i sír “he came (to a point) far beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
- Q. mana i coimas Eldaron? “What is the ‘coimas’ of the Eldar?” ✧ PM/395
- Q. mana i·coimas in·Eldaron? “What is the ‘coimas’ of the Eldar?” ✧ PM/403; PM/403
- Q. ma Varda enquantuva i yulma nin sí “will Varda now refill the cup for me?” ✧ PE22/161
- Q. lissë miruvóreva mí oromardi “of sweet nectar in the high-halls”
- Q. lírinen ómo i·aire tário “by the song of the voice of the holy queen” ✧ PE17/076
- Q. lírinen ómo i·aire táríva “by the song of the voice of the holy queen” ✧ PE17/076
- Q. Quennar Onótimo ✧ MR/049
- Q. roccor i Erulingaron márë nár (ma naitë)? “the horses of the Rohirrim are good (are they not, lit. is it true)” ✧ PE22/166
- Q. násië “now and at the hour of our death: Amen” ✧ VT43/35
- Q. sí man i yulma nin enquantuva? “who now shall refill the cup for me?” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
- Q. sí man i yulma nin enquantuva? “now who the cup for me will refill?” ✧ RGEO/59
- Q. sí man i yulmar men enquantuva? “*who now shall refill the cups for us?” ✧ Minor-Doc/2013-05-13
- Q. sí man i yulmar n(g)wen enquantuva “*who now will refill the cups for us (dual)” ✧ VT21/06
- Q. Sindar i Eldar Malariando “Grey are the Elves of Beleriand” ✧ PE21/77; PE21/77
- Q. sínen i·anda nyarnë metta ar taina andaurenya na quanta “*with this the long tale ends and my extended long day is complete” ✧ Minor-Doc/1955-CT
- Q. sustanë Manwëo súlë ten i indo Sindicollo ar he lastanë ar carnes “*the spirit of Manwe blew unto the heart of Thingol and he listened and did it” ✧ NM/239
- Q. tambë engë i et... “as it was [in] the [beginning]...” ✧ VT43/38
- Q. tyulma i ciryo “the mast of the ship” ✧ PE21/80
- Q. utúlie’n aurë “The day has come!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
- Q. yan i wilyar antar miquelis “*to whom the air gives kisses” ✧ PE16/096
- Q. yassen tintilar i eleni “wherein the stars tremble” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
- Q. yassen tintilar i eleni “in which twinkle the stars” ✧ RGEO/59
Variations
- i ✧ DTS/54; LotR/0377; LotR/0377; LotR/0377; MC/221; MC/222; Minor-Doc/1955-CT; Minor-Doc/1973-05-30; Minor-Doc/2013-05-13; MR/049; NM/239; NM/351; PE16/096; PE17/013 (i); PE17/065; PE17/066; PE17/068; PE17/127; PE17/127; PE19/076; PE21/77; PE21/80; PE22/147; PE22/161; PE22/166; RGEO/58; RGEO/58; RGEO/58; RGEO/59; RGEO/59; RGEO/59; S/190; UT/305; UT/317; VT21/06; VT43/19; VT43/29; VT43/31; VT43/35; VT43/37; VT43/37; VT43/37; VT43/38; VT44/35; VT47/35; VT49/08; VT49/12; VT49/22; WJ/166; WJ/369; WJ/369
- in ✧ NM/240 (
in)- I ✧ PE16/096; WJ/398
- i· ✧ PE17/076; PM/395; PM/403; UT/008
- in· ✧ PM/403
ana-
prefix. to, towards
Derivations
- √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus”
Element in
an (1) _conj. and prep. _"for" (Nam, RGEO:66), an cé mo quernë… "for if one turned…" (VT49:8), also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express "one more" (of the thing concerned: an quetta "a word more", PE17:91). The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" (SD:290) however seems to denote motion towards (the speaker): the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" (NĀ1). The phrase an i falmalī _(PE17:127) is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar "upon the foaming waves" (Nam)_, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending (and if falmalī is seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case). In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an "moreover, further(more), to proceed" (VT49:18-19) or ("properly") "further, plus, in addition" (PE17:69, 90). According to one late source (ca. 1966 or later), an "is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament […]: An sí Tintallë, etc. [= For now the Kindler, etc…] This is translated by me for, side an is (as here) often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said". Related is the use of an + noun to express "one more"; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition.