Sindarized form of Quenya tekil, not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor (but see however tegol for a possible dialectal variant)
Sindarin
ten
pronoun. (?) it (as object)
ten
pronoun. *it, passive voice marker
taen
noun. sign
tengyl
proper name. Signifer
caen
cardinal. ten
pae
cardinal. ten
cae
cardinal. ten
caen-
cardinal. ten
pae
cardinal. ten
paean
cardinal. ten
tent
noun. toe
caenui
ordinal. tenth
paenui
ordinal. tenth
caenen
ordinal. tenth
caenui
ordinal. tenth
paenui
ordinal. tenth
tegil
noun. pen
tegil
noun. pen
angerthas
noun. runic alphabet, long rune-rows (extended version of the Certhas)
têw
noun. letter, written sign
pae
cardinal. ten
pae (the ”Noldorin” form caer listed in the Etymologies was apparently abandoned by Tolkien).
pae
ten
(the ”Noldorin” form caer listed in the Etymologies was apparently abandoned by Tolkien).
paenui
tenth
.
paenui
tenth
paenui.
paenui
tenth
paenui (lenited baenui)
têw
tengwa
(Fëanorian letter) têw (i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (sign, letter), pl. tîw (i thîw), coll. pl. téwath
têw
tengwa
(i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (sign, letter), pl. tîw (i thîw), coll. pl. téwath
tegil
pen
tegil (i degil, o thegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thegil) (PM:318). Also (at least in ”Noldorin”) tegol (i degol, o thegol), analogical pl. tegyl (i thegyl)
tegil
pen
(i degil, o thegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thegil) (PM:318). Also (at least in ”Noldorin”) tegol (i degol, o thegol), analogical pl. tegyl (i thegyl)
loeth
noun. twist, tendril, spiral, coil
muis
noun. softness, tenderness, gentleness
teithan
1hF35# noun. writing, scripture, written thing, letter, epistle
A theoretical noun from CE *tektanā (cf. -nā).
ungol
noun. spider
The Sindarin word for “spider” (Let/180; RC/490, 767), derived from √ungu- that was the basis for spider words (PE22/160).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish word for “spider” was initially G. gung in both the Qenya Lexicon and Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√GUŊU (QL/98; GL/43), also appearing an element in G. Gungliont, the earliest name of Ungoliant (LT1/160). In the Gnomish Lexicon the word gung was crossed through, but may have become ging in G. gwidh-a-ging “cobweb” (GL/46). Regardless, Tolkien added G. ungwi “spider” in pencil to the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/75), which seems to indicate a change of the root from ᴱ√GUŊU to ᴱ√UŊU, consistent with the replacement name G. Ungoliont from the contemporaneous narratives (LT1/152).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s, “spider” words were derived from the root ᴹ√SLIG (Ety/SLIG); see N. thling for discussion. Tolkien soon restored Ung-, however, since N. ungol was translated as “spider” in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s (WR/202).
pen
cardinal. one
(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pen
one
(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
bâd
pathway
(i vâd, construct bad) (beaten track), pl. baid (i maid).
tang
string
(bowstring) tang (i dang, o thang), pl. teng (i theng)
tang
string
(i dang, o thang), pl. teng (i theng)
tang
bowstring
tang (i dang), pl. teng (i theng)
tang
bowstring
(i dang), pl. teng (i theng)
tann
sign
1) (etymologically ”something shown/indicated”) tann (i dann), construct tan, pl. tain (i thain) (MR:185); 2) têw (i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (letter, tengwa), pl. tîw (i **thîw), coll. pl. téwath**;
têw
sign
(i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (letter, tengwa), pl. tîw (i thîw), coll. pl. téwath
têw
letter
têw (i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (sign, tengwa), pl. tîw (i **thîw), coll. pl. téwath**
têw
letter
(i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (sign, tengwa), pl. tîw (i thîw), coll. pl. téwath
têw
noun. letter
aden
preposition. until
certhas
noun. runic alphabet, rune-rows
-d
suffix. you
2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd sg. pron. suff. #you. Q. -tar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dhir
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd pl. pron. suff. #you. Q. -ltar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-eg
suffix. your
-el
suffix. your
-gen
suffix. your
_2nd sg. poss. suff. your.Maybe the familiar form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -eg_. >> -eg
-lein
suffix. your
_2nd sg. poss. suff. your.Maybe the polite form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -el_. >> -el
an
preposition. to, towards, for
With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
an
to
_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.
de
pronoun. you
ed
pronoun. *it
gûl
noun. knowledge
n. knowledge, deep knowledge not 'occult' in modern sense, but applied to the deper knowledge of the 'wise' or skilled persons, not kept secret (as [?among the] Elves) but not attainable by all. Q. ñōle, B.S. gûl phantom, shadow of dark magic, necromancer, slave, servant?. The B.S. word gûl was prob. derived from ngōl-.
lam
noun. language
lebed
noun. finger
Tolkien later seems to have replaced this form by leber
lebenedh
noun. middle finger
lebent
noun. ring finger
leber
noun. finger
leber
noun. finger
The Sindarin word for “finger”, derived from primitive ✶leper and based on the root √LEP “pick up” (VT47/10; VT48/5).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien used various Elvish words for “finger” over his life, but most were based on the root √LEP. The Gnomish Grammar and Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. leptha “finger” (GG/13; GL/53), clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√LEPE that was the basis for contemporaneous Qenya finger words (QL/53). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it was ᴱN. lhê “finger”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶lept- (PE13/148). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. lhebed “finger” based on the root ᴹ√LEPET of the same meaning (Ety/LEP). In drafts of the 1968 notes mentioned above, Tolkien had S. lebed “finger” (VT47/27), but this was replaced by leber in the finished versions (VT47/23-24 note #30).
lebig
noun. little finger
lhing
noun. spider, spider's web, cobweb
lhingril
noun. spider
lond
noun. narrow path or strait
lond
noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven
lonn
noun. narrow path or strait
lonn
noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven
lîr
noun. line, line, [N.] row
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
min
cardinal. one, one, [G.] single
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
narbeleth
noun. october (month)
niged
noun. little finger
nobad
noun. the pair of fingers composed of the thumb and the index (grouped together as in the act of picking something)
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
rhîw
noun. winter season
rhîw
noun. winter
sael
adjective. wise
sael
adjective. wise
tew
letter
(dew), pl1. tiw _ n. _letter. tew << têw; tiw << tîw. >> téw
ti
pronoun. them
ungol
noun. spider
ammen
for us
(to us).
an
for
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for
(adverbial prefix) an-
an
for
(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for the
(for) + i (the).
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
bad
go
#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
bad
go
(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
certhas
alphabet
(runic alphabet) certhas (i gerthas, o cherthas) (rune-row), pl. certhais (i cherthais)
certhas
alphabet
(i gerthas, o cherthas) (rune-row), pl. certhais (i cherthais)
eru
the one
isolated from
falas
line of surf
(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). *(VT42:15)*****
fû Speculative
noun. path
ha
it
ha, han, hana. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)
ha
it
han, hana. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*
hain
them
hain (of inanimates) One entry in the Etymologies ( LR:385 s.v. S-) may be taken as implying that the pronouns ”they” (and ”them”?) are hein of inanimates, hîn of women and huin of men. For ”Noldorin” hein and huin we may have to read hain and hŷn, respectively, in Third Age Sindarin.
hain
them
(of inanimates) One entry in the Etymologies ( LR:385 s.v. S-) may be taken as implying that the pronouns ”they” (and ”them”?) are hein of inanimates, hîn of women and huin of men. For ”Noldorin” hein and huin we may have to read hain and hŷn, respectively, in Third Age Sindarin.
hîn
they
(of women) hîn. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.
hîn
they
. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.
idhor
thoughtfulness
. (Correction of idher in LR:361 s.v.
idhr
id
> idhor as the later forms.)
idhren
wise
idhren (pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic *gölwin)
idhren
wise
(pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic ✱gölwin)
idhren
thoughtful
(pondering, wise), pl. idhrin;
imrad
path
(between mountains, hills or through trackless forest) imrad (pass), pl. imraid.
imrad
path
(pass), pl. imraid.
inc
idea
1) inc (guess, notion), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite); coll. pl. ingath; 2) naw (pl. noe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. form was nui. Coll. pl. ?nawath or ?noath.
inc
idea
(guess, notion), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite); coll. pl. ingath
ist
knowledge
ist (lore); no distinct pl. form.
ist
knowledge
(lore); no distinct pl. form.
ista
have knowledge
(i ista, in istar), pa.t. sint or istas (VT45:18).
leber
finger
leber (pl. lebir) (VT47:10, 23, 24; VT48:5). This may replace ”Noldorin” lhebed, which we would otherwise update to Sindarin as lebed. For names of specific fingers, see INDEX FINGER, LITTLE FINGER, MIDDLE FINGER, RING FINGER, THUMB.
lhae-
verb. to hear
lhassa-
verb. to hear
@@@ 2022-09-24
lhing
spider’s web
(?i thling or ?i ling – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (cobweb), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i ling). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thling.
lhingril
noun. spider
lhingril
spider
(?i thlingril or ?i lingril – the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lingril). Coll. pl. lhingrillath. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *thlingril**.*)
lhê
spider filament
(?i thlê or ?i lê – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (fine thread), pl. lhî (?i lî). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlê.
lîr
line
1) lîr (row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath. 2) tê (i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath, 3) tî (i dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath.
lîr
line
(row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath.
mae
soft
mae (lenited vae; no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” moe. Note: a homophone is the adverb mae = ”well”.
mae
soft
(lenited vae; no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” moe. Note: a homophone is the adverb mae = ”well”.
min
cardinal. one
1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
min
one
mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.
narbeleth
october
Narbeleth
narbeleth
october
nauth
thought
nauth (pl. noeth, coll. pl. nothath);
nauth
thought
(pl. noeth, coll. pl. nothath);
naw
idea
(pl. noe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. form was *nui***. Coll. pl. ?nawath or ?noath**.
noen
wise
(sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein.
nothlir
family line
(family tree); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.
pada
walk
(i bada, i phadar)
penia
fix
penia- (i benia, i pheniar) (set);
penia
fix
(i benia, i pheniar) (set);
pân
fixed board in a floor
(i bân, o phân, construct pan) (plank), pl. pain (i phain). Not to be confused with the adj. ✱pân ”all”.
rhîw
winter
rhîw (?i thrîw or ?i rîw the lenition product of rh- is uncertain); no distinct pl. form except with article (?idh rîw)
rhîw
winter
(?i thrîw or ?i rîw – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain*); no distinct pl. form except with article (?idh rîw)
râd
path
râd (track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).
râd
path
(track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).
sael
wise
1) sael (lenited hael; no distinct pl. form), 2) noen (sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein. 3)
sael
wise
(lenited hael; no distinct pl. form)
taeg
boundary line
(i daeg, o thaeg) (limit, boundary), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaeg).
tann
sign
(i dann), construct tan, pl. tain (i thain)** **(MR:185)
tilias
line of peaks
(i** dilias, o thilias), pl. tiliais (i** thiliais), coll. pl. tiliassath.
tin
pronoun. them
tiwdi
alphabet
tiwdi (i diwdi), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thiwdi). (VT46:16; David Salo would read têwdi)
tiwdi
alphabet
(i diwdi), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thiwdi). *(VT46:16; David Salo would read têwdi)*
tê
line
(i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath
tî
line
(i** dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thî), coll. pl. tíath.
tîr
straight
tîr (lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) (right). Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).
tîr
straight
(lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) (right). Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).
ungol
spider
1) ungol (pl. yngyl); coll. pl. ?unglath or ungolath; 2) *lhingril (?i thlingril or ?i lingril the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lingril). Coll. pl. lhingrillath. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlingril.) 3) or
ungol
spider
(pl. yngyl); coll. pl. ?unglath or ungolath
êr
one
whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)
An Elvish name of “the significant star” mentioned in some late notes by Tolkien (MR/385, note #19), probably derived from the same primitive form as its Quenya cognate Q. Tannacolli. It has a variant form Taengyl, probably a cognate of the Quenya variant form Tainacolli. Its gloss “Signifer” is Latin for “sign-bearer”; hat-tip to Gilruin for point this out to me.