thar

preposition/prefix. across, athwart, over

A preposition or prefix for “across, over” or most properly “athwart” (PE17/34). In a rejected note Tolkien said that this word meant “across, properly not of position across or beyond but of act of crossing, or act[ual] position ‘athwart’ ... in names of districts, reached by crossing an obstacle, it became used like ‘Trans-’ (as ‘Transvaal’), as in Thargelion [Land beyond Gelion]” (PE17/34). Despite this note’s rejection I think this explanation remains valid. Thus thar is “across” in the sense “crossing” or “laying across” rather than “on the other side”. It was derived from the root √THAR of similar meaning (PE17/14; Ety/THAR).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had preposition and adverb G. adr “across, athwart” as well as adjective G. {aðra >> athra >>} adr(a) meaning either “lying athwart” or “situated on far side” (GL/17). These Gnomish words were related to ᴱQ. arta, and thus clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√TARA having to do with crossing (QL/89).

thar

adverb. across

adv. & prep. across. . This gloss was rejected.

thargelion

place name. Land beyond Gelion

The land between river Gelion and the Blue Mountains translated “Land beyond Gelion” (S/124), a combination of thar “across” and the river name Gelion (SA/thar, PE17/34).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the name first appeared as N. Targelion >> Thargelion (LR/265, 268), and also in The Etymologies with the same derivation as given above (Ety/THAR). In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, Tolkien also considered the forms Thargelian (WJ/320) and Thorewilan (WJ/336).

thar-

across

_ pref. _across, over, properly 'athwart'. Original S. form þara-. See also the rejected glose in PE17:34.

thar-

prefix. across, athwart, over, beyond

thar

athwart

(adverbial prefix) thar- (across, over, beyond)

thar

athwart

(across, over, beyond)

thar

over

(adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, beyond)

thar

beyond

(across, athwart, over)

thar

over

(across, athwart, beyond)

thar-

verb. to saw (up)

tar-

verb. to stand

athar

beyond

1. *athar (across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. 2) (adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, over)

athar

across

(preposition) *athar (beyond). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. Also (as adverbial prefix) ath- (on both sides), athra-, thar- (athwart, over, beyond)

athar

across

(beyond). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. – Also (as adverbial prefix) ath- (on both sides), athra-, thar- (athwart, over, beyond)

athar

beyond

(across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation.

athan

preposition. beyond

athra-

prefix. across

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

An untranslated word (adjective?) appearing with Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √KIT and cognate to Q. cinta “small”, so perhaps of similar meaning (PE17/157).

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

An untranslated word (noun?) appearing with Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √KIT or √KIN and cognate to Q. cinta “small”, so perhaps of similar meaning (PE17/157).

hand

noun. [unglossed]

madu

?. [unglossed]

maud

?. [unglossed]

gôr

vigour

1. gôr (i **ôr, construct gor), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr** = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”horror, fear, dread” but has different mutations.

gôr

vigour

(i ’ôr, construct gor), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”horror, fear, dread” but has different mutations.

or

over

(adjectival prefix) or- (above, high)

or

over

(above, high)