apairë

victory

apairë noun "victory" (GL:17)

turucáno

masculine name. Ruling Lord, *(lit.) Victory Commander

The Quenya name of Turgon from which his Sindarin name is derived, a compound of turu- “master, have victory over” and cáno “commander” (PM/345), glossed in one place as “Ruling Lord” (PE17/113).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya name for Turgon appeared in the earliest Lost Tales as ᴱQ. Turondo (LT1/115). According to Christopher Tolkien, the initial element of the name at this stage was probably from ᴱ√TURU “be strong”, but the meaning of the second element was unclear (LT1A/Turgon). It might have been ᴱQ. ondo as indicated by its later translation “Lord of Stone” (see below). In these and later stories, the character was usually referred to by the name Turgon, and the Quenya name vanished for many decades.

In the 1950s, J.R.R. Tolkien revisited the question of Turgon’s Quenya name after he decided that Quenya was the native language of the Noldor (PE17/112-3). He first considered and rejected the earlier name Q. Turondo, now glossed “Lord of Stone”. He replaced this with Turucāno “Ruling Lord”, changing that in turn to Q. Turukondo “Victory Prince”. At this stage, this name was his “title”, while his given name was Sarafinwë.

In a later essay from 1968 (PM/345), Turukáno reappeared as the Quenya name of Turgon, now also his given name, effectively replacing both Turukondo and Sarafinwë.

turukondo

masculine name. Victory Prince

A Quenya name of Turgon, a compound of turu- “master, have victory over” and kondo “prince” (PE17/113).

Túrin

victory-mood

Túrin masc. name, apparently meaning "victory-mood" (LR:395, s.v. TUR). The Etymologies gives Turindo as the Quenya form of this name; Túrin seems to be properly the Sindarin form, though it fits Quenya style well enough and Nienor used it in a Quenya sentence (near the end of ch. 21 of the Silmarillion). The name appears as Turin (with a short u) in the phrase nahtana ló Turin, "slain by Túrin" (VT49:24)

turu-

verb. master, defeat, have victory over

turu- (1) vb. "master, defeat, have victory over" (PE17:113, not clearly said to be Quenya, but the Q name Turucundo "Victory-prince" is listed immediately afterwards). Compare tur-; cf. also *turúna.

túrë

mastery, victory

túrë noun "mastery, victory" (TUR), "strength, might" (QL:95), "power" (QL:96)

turu-

verb. to master, defeat, have victory over, to defeat, have victory over, master

túrë

noun. *might, mastery, [ᴹQ.] mastery, victory; [ᴱQ.] might, strength, power

nangwë

noun. victory

nacil

noun. victor

*turúna

mastered

*turúna passive participle "mastered", only attested attested in the elided form turún' (UT:138, apparently incomplete spelling turun in Silm ch. 21). The form may be understood as the passive participle of the verb turu- "master, defeat, have victory over" (PE17:113), the sole available example of a U-stem verb appearing in such a participle form. Compare -na #4.

alassëa

`Cな#,F`C adjective. happy, joyous

Alassë (joy/merriment) + -a (adjectival suffix)

Vala

power, god, angelic power

Vala (1) noun "Power, God, angelic power", pl. Valar or Vali (BAL, Appendix E, LT2:348), described as "angelic governors" or "angelic guardians" (Letters:354, 407). The Valar are a group of immensely powerful spirits guarding the world on behalf of its Creator; they are sometimes called Gods (as when Valacirca, q.v., is translated "Sickle of the Gods"), but this is strictly wrong according to Christian terminology: the Valar were created beings. The noun vala is also the name of tengwa #22 (Appendix E). Genitive plural Valion "of the Valar" (FS, MR:18); this form shows the pl. Vali, (irregular) alternative to Valar (the straightforward gen. pl. Valaron is also attested, PE17:175). Pl. allative valannar *"to/on the Valar" (LR:47, 56; SD:246). Feminine form Valië (Silm), in Tolkiens earlier material also Valdë; his early writings also list Valon or Valmo (q.v.) as specifically masc. forms. The gender-specific forms are not obligatory; thus in PE17:22 Varda is called a Vala (not a Valië), likewise Yavanna in PE17:93. Vala is properly or originally a verb "has power" (sc. over the matter of Eä, the universe), also used as a noun "a Power" _(WJ:403). The verb vala- "rule, order", exclusively used with reference to the Valar, is only attested in the sentences á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!" and Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar will be done" (WJ:404). However, Tolkien did not originally intend the word Valar to signify "powers"; in his early conception it apparently meant "the happy ones", cf. valto, vald- (LT2:348)_. For various compounds including the word Vala(r), see below.

alassë

joy, merriment

alassë (1) noun "joy, merriment" (GALÁS) [VT42:32; a gloss "mirth" was deleted, VT45:14]

turúna

adjective. mastered

tur

root. dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong

This root was connected to strength, victory and power for most of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as ᴱ√TURU “am strong” the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. túre “might, strength, power”, ᴱQ. túrin “kingdom”, and ᴱQ. turu- “can, to be able” (QL/95). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon it had derivatives like G. tûr “king” and G. turm “authority, rule; strength” (GL/72).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s it appeared as ᴹ√TUR “power, control, mastery, victory” with derivatives like ᴹQ. taura/N. taur “mighty”, ᴹQ. tur-/N. tortha- “wield, control”, and ᴹQ. túre/N. tûr “mastery, victory” (Ety/TUR). The root √TUR was mentioned regularly in Tolkien’s later writings with glosses like “dominate, master, conquer” (PE17/104), “power” (PE17/113), “strong, mighty (in power)” (PE17/115), and “power of domination or dominion, control of other wills, legitimate or illegitimate mastery” (PE22/151).

turukāno

masculine name. Ruling Lord

¤kurwē

noun. power, ability

turgon

masculine name. Ruling Lord, Victory Prince, (lit.) Master Shout

Second son of Fingolfin and the lord of Gondolin (S/60). His name seems to be a combination of tûr “mastery, victory” (SA/tur) and the suffix -gon (PM/345). His name was variously translated “Master Shout” (PM/345), “Ruling Lord” or “Victory Prince” (PE17/113).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, his name was already G. Turgon (LT1/115), and it remained so throughout Tolkien’s writings. At the earliest stage it seems to have been derived from the root ᴱ√TURU “be strong”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Tuor). In Early Noldorin word lists from the 1920s, the name was glossed “fierce k[ing]”, but this entry was replaced with an unglossed form marked “ON”. In The Etymologies from the 1930s, Tolkien specified that the final element of N. Turgon was -gon, the suffixal form of caun “valour” (Ety/KAN).

In later writings, Tolkien considered several origins for this name, based on a variety of Quenya equivalents. In Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, he considered and rejected Q. Turondo “Lord of Stone” (PE17/112), briefly considered Q. Turucáno “Ruling Lord” (PE17/117) and also Q. Turukondo “Victory Prince” (PE17/113).

In his “Shibboleth of Fëanor” from 1968, Tolkien said his Quenya name was Turucáno (PM/345), untranslated but likely meaning something like “Victory Commander”. Tolkien said that his Sindarin name Turgon was a phonetic adaptation with no real meaning, but that it could be interpreted as “Master Shout” (PM/345). This seems to have been Tolkien’s last word on the subject, but it is possible that the final element could also be interpreted as a suffixal form -gon of caun “prince”; see those entries for discussion.

tûr

noun. master, [N.] mastery, victory, [ᴱN.] power [over others]; [S.] master

tûr

victor, victory

(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (mastery, power, control; master, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath

tûr

victor, victory

tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (mastery, power, control; master, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath

tor-

verb. to win, have victory

herdir

master

(noun) 1) herdir (i cherdir), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cherdir). Possibly used = ”Mr.” (i cherdir Perhael ”the Master Samwise” or *”Mr. Samwise”). (SD:128-31). Coll. pl. ?herdiriath. 2) heron (i cheron, o cheron) (lord), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath. (VT45:22)._ Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord, master” may be preferred. 3) hîr (i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (lord), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chîr). (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9)_ 4) (also used = ”mastery”) tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath

tûr

power

tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, mastery, control; master, victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath.

tûr

mastery

tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath

tûr

master

(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath

tûr

master, mastery

(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath

tûr

power

(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, mastery, control; master, victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath.

tûr

mastery

(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath

glass

joy

1. glass (i **lass, constuct glas), pl. glais (in glais), 2) gell (i **ell) (triumph), pl. gill (i ngill = i ñill).

orthor

master

(vb.) orthor (i orthor, in ertherir for archaic in örtherir) (conquer)

balan

noun. Vala, divine power, divinity

herdir

noun. master

herdir

noun. master

hîr

noun. master, lord

bâl

divine power

construct bal, pl. bail (divinity). Note: the word can also be used as an adj. "divine".

gell

joy

(i ’ell) (triumph), pl. gill (i ngill = i ñill).

glass

joy

(i ’lass, constuct glas), pl. glais (in glais)

herdir

master

(i cherdir), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cherdir). Possibly used = ”Mr.” (i cherdir Perhael ”the Master Samwise” or ✱”Mr. Samwise”). (SD:128-31). Coll. pl. ?herdiriath.

heron

master

(i cheron, o cheron) (lord), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath. (VT45:22). Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord, master” may be preferred.

hîr

master

(i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (lord), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chîr). (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9) 

orthor

master

(i orthor, in ertherir for archaic in örtherir) (conquer)

tûr

noun. mastery, victory

tûr

noun. mastery, victory

gell

noun. joy, triumph, (?victory), joy, triumph

heron

noun. master

gell

noun. joy, triumph

glas

noun. joy

glass

noun. joy

orthor-

verb. to master, conquer

balan

noun. Vala, divine power, divinity

glas

noun. joy

hîr

noun. master, lord