_adj. _unsuitable; bad, improper, useless, wrong. Q. ur(u). . This gloss was rejected.
Sindarin
-oth
suffix. augmentative suffix
-th
suffix. abstract noun
oth-
unsuitable; bad
oth-
prefix. [wrong] with a bad sense; unsuitable, bad, improper, useless, wrong
oeth
noun. war
tolodh
cardinal. eight
The Sindarin number “eight” derived from the root √TOLOD, probably from primitive ✱✶tolodō, where the [[s|[d] became [ð] after a vowel]] as usual.
Conceptual Development: The earliest attested word for “eight” was G. uvin in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/75), replacing rejected ung. In The Etymologies from the 1930s it became N. toloth from the root ᴹ√TOLOTH, similar to but not quite the same as ᴹQ. tolto from the root ᴹ√TOLOT (Ety/TOL¹-OTH/OT).
In some notes from the 1950s, Tolkien used S. tolod (PE17/95), apparently deciding both Quenya and Sindarin were derived from the same root √TOLOT. Later still, toloth reappeared, but it was rejected and replaced by tolodh (toloð: VT42/25, 31). When Tolkien revisited the Elvish number system in the 1960s, he changed the t to a d in the root form for “eight” (VT47/11) and established tolodh as its Sindarin form (VT48/6).
Neo-Sindarin: I personally prefer tolodh as the Sindarin word for “eight”, but some Neo-Sindarin writers use the older (and perhaps better known) toloth. It seems Tolkien had considerable trouble deciding on the primitive root for “eight”, so any of these forms could be valid (VT47/31).
-as
suffix. abstract noun
-on
suffix. augmentative suffix
@@@ most clear in gaearon
-os
suffix. augmentative suffix
eryn
forest
_n. _forest, wood of trees.
glaw
noun. sunshine, sunshine; [N.] radiance
A word (or word element) appearing in linguistic notes from the late 1950s as glaw- “sunshine”, a derivative of the root √LAW (PE17/159). A similar word N. glaw “radiance” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but this word was derived from primitive ᴹ✶g’lā based on the root ᴹ√GAL, a Noldorin-only variant of the root ᴹ√KAL “shine” (Ety/KAL).
Conceptual Development: Possible earlier precursors to this word include ᴱN. glarw “ray, radiance” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/144) and G. glaros “glare, blaze, splendour” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/39), the latter probably related to the early root ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” (QL/44); see that entry for discussion.
glaw-
prefix. sunshine
_ pref. _sunshine.
lossoth
collective name. Snowmen
ost
noun. city, town with wall round
ost
noun. citadel, fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art
taur
noun. forest
_ n. _forest. Q. taure. >> taw
tolod
cardinal. eight
tolodh
cardinal. eight
Tolkien emended toloth to tolodh, cf. VT/42:31 (and also VT/48:6). If we are to follow him, a word such as tolothen would be incorrect, unless the two forms coexisted
auth
war
auth (battle), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".
auth
war
(battle), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".
barad
fort, fortress
(fortress, tower) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.
dagra
make war
(do battle) (i nagra, i ndagrar), also dagrada- (i nagrada, i ndagradar)
garth
stronghold
1) garth (i **arth) (stronghold), pl. gerth (i ngerth = i ñerth), 2) ost (fortress, city), pl. yst (WJ:414). The word may appear as os- or oth- before certain consonants in compounds, e.g. Osgiliath ”Citadel (Fortress) of the Stars” (LotR), ostirion (fortress with a watchtower), Othram** ”fortress-wall” (WR:288).
garth
stronghold
(i ’arth) (stronghold), pl. gerth (i ngerth = i ñerth)
garth
fort, fortress
1) garth (i **arth) (stronghold), pl. gerth (i ngerth = i ñerth), 2) ost (city, stronghold), pl. yst (WJ:414). The word may appear as os- or oth- before certain consonants in compounds, e.g. Osgiliath ”Citadel (Fortress) of the Stars” (LotR), ostirion (q.v.), Othram ”fortress-wall” (WR:288). 3) barad (fortress, tower) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad** is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.
garth
fort, fortress
(i ’arth) (stronghold), pl. gerth (i ngerth = i ñerth)
glâd
forest
(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid)
ost
city
ost (pl. yst) (city/town with wall around).
ost
city
(pl. yst) (city/town with wall around).
ost
stronghold
(fortress, city), pl. yst (WJ:414). The word may appear as os- or oth- before certain consonants in compounds, e.g. Osgiliath ”Citadel (Fortress) of the Stars” (LotR), ostirion (fortress with a watchtower), Othram ”fortress-wall” (WR:288).
ost
fort, fortress
(city, stronghold), pl. yst (WJ:414). The word may appear as os- or oth- before certain consonants in compounds, e.g. Osgiliath ”Citadel (Fortress) of the Stars” (LotR), ostirion (q.v.), Othram ”fortress-wall” (WR:288).
ostirion
fortress with a watchtower
(pl. ostiryn).
othronn
underground city or stronghold
(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (fortress in a cave or caves). Cited in archaic form othrond in the sources (WJ:414, VT46:12)
othronn
underground stronghold or city
(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (fortress in a cave or caves). Cited in archaic form othrond in the sources (WJ:414, VT46:12)
taur
forest
1) taur (i daur, o thaur) (great wood), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also (as adj.) ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc. 2) tawar (i dawar, o thawar) (wood [as material]), pl. tewair (i thewair). (
taur
forest
(i daur, o thaur) (great wood), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also (as adj.) ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc.
tawar
forest
(i dawar, o thawar) (wood [as material]), pl. tewair (i thewair). (SMALL)
tollui
eighth
(lenited dollui). (VT42:15; Tolkien may have abandoned the form [t]olothen occurring in lenited form dolothen in an earlier source, SD:129)
toloth
cardinal. eight
toloth, tolodh;
toloth
eight
tolodh;
@@@ mostly seems to use base vowel between suffix and root