ta

that, it

ta (1) pron. "that, it" (TA); compare antaróta** "he gave it" (FS); see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna "thither", talo/tó "thence" and tás/tassë* "there" are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: "to that", "from that" and "in that" (place), respectively. Compare "there" as one gloss of ta (see #4).

toina

adjective. wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood

A word glossed “wood” appearing in a list of “large & small” roots from around 1968 derived from primitive ✶tawĭnā (PE17/115) and hence probably an adjective “✱wooden, (made) of wood” as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/toina).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien instead had ᴹQ. taurina “of wood”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. tavar “wood (material)” (Ety/TÁWAR). The word ᴹQ. toina appeared in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1940s, but was unglossed, so whether it meant “✱wooden” is unclear.

Cognates

• S. tawen “wood (of material), ?wooden (of make), wood (of material), wooden (of make)” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

• ✶tawinā “wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • √TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115

Elements

Word	Gloss
-ina	“adjective suffix; passive participle”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tawĭnā > toina	[tawinā] > [toinā] > [toina]	✧ PE17/115

i

pronoun. that

i, antevokaliskt in

conjunction. that

ne

that

ne (2) conj. "that" (as in "I know that you are here") (PE14:54), evidently replaced by i in Tolkiens later Quenya (see i #3).

oa

wool

oa (2) noun "wool" (LT1:249; evidently replaced by tó in Tolkien's later Quenya)

sa

conjunction. that

sana

that

savin elessar ar <u>i</u> nánë aran ondórëo

that

i (3) conj. "that". Savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo "I believe that Elessar really existed and that [he] was a king of Gondor" (VT49:27), savin…i E[lesarno] quetië naitë *"I believe that Elessars speaking [is] true" (VT49:28) Also cf. nai, nái "be it that" (see nai #1), which may seem to incorporate this conjunction.

tamen

thither

tamen adv. "thither" (VT49:33). Compare simen.

tamen

adverb. thither

tana

that

tana (1) demonstrative "that" (said to be "anaphoric") (TA). According to VT49:11, tana is the adjective corresponding to ta, "that" as a pronoun.

tana

that

Element in

• Q. tambë “*as, so”

Elements

Word	Gloss
ta	“that, there, that, there, [ᴹQ.] it”

Variations

• tănā ✧ VT49/11

tande

thither

tande adv. "thither" (MC:215; this is "Qenya")

tanna

thither

tanna (2) pron. in allative "thither" (VT14:5, PE16:96; evidently to be understood as the allative of ta #2: "to that [place]"). Compare tar and locative tassë.

tanna

adverb. thither

Element in

• Q. i·oromandi tanna lendë “*the wood-spirits came thither” ✧ PE16/096
• Q. lendë tanna Nieliccilis “*thither came little Niéle” ✧ PE16/096

Elements

Word	Gloss
ta	“that, there, that, there, [ᴹQ.] it”

Variations

• tanna ✧ PE16/096; PE16/096

tanya

that

tanya demonstrative "that" (MC:215; this is "Qenya", perhaps corresponding to later tana)

tar

adverb. thither

PQ. thither

tar

thither

tar (1) adv. or technically pron. with old allative ending: "thither" (TA). This is ta #1 with the same allative ending -r (from primitive -da) as in mir "into". Compare tanna. According to VT49:11, tar may also appear in the logner form tara.

tar(a)

adverb. thither, thither; [ᴹQ.] beyond

Derivations

• ✶tad(a) “thither, thereto, to that” ✧ PE19/104

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tad > tar	[tad] > [tað] > [tar]	✧ PE19/104

Variations

• tar ✧ PE19/104
• tăr ✧ VT49/11
• tăra ✧ VT49/11
• tamen ✧ VT49/33

tara

thither

tara adv. "thither"; see tar #1.

tavar

wood

tavar (1) noun "wood" (TÁWAR)

toa

of wool, woollen

toa (2) adj. "of wool, woollen" (TOW; in GL:71 toa was glossed "wool", noun instead of adjective; but in Tolkien's later Quenya, the noun is tó)

turu

wood

turu (3) noun "wood" (properly firewood, but used of wood in general) (LT1:270)

tó

wool

tó 1) noun "wool" (TOW)

yana

that

yana demonstrative "that" (the former) (YA)

taw

noun. wood as material

A noun in a list of “large & small” roots from around 1968 under the root √TAW “wood”, the cognate of Q. töa “wood as material” (PE17/115) and thus probably derived from primitive ✱tawā.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s “wood (material)” was N. tawar (Ety/TÁWAR), whereas in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s it was G. âl (GL/19).

Cognates

• Q. töa “wood (as material)” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

• √TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√TAW > taw	[tawa] > [taw]	✧ PE17/115

Variations

• taw ✧ PE17/115

taw

adverb. thither

Derivations

• ✶tad(a) “thither, thereto, to that” ✧ PE19/104

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tad > tað > tā > taw	[tad] > [tā] > [tǭ] > [tau]	✧ PE19/104

Variations

• taw ✧ PE19/104

taw

noun. wood as material

n. wood as material. Q. toa. >> taur

taw

ta

; if this did yield ”Noldorin”/Sindarin taw, it would create a homophone with taw ”wool”.

taw

that

(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _

taw

wool

taw (i daw, o thaw), pl. toe (i thoe) if there is a pl. Also used as adj. ”woollen, of wool” (if the unclear wording of the entry TOW in LR:394 is taken as implying that taw corresponds in meaning to both the noun tó and the adj. toa in Quenya). See THAT for a possible homophone.

taw

wool

(i daw, o thaw), pl. toe (i thoe) if there is a pl. Also used as adj. ”woollen, of wool” (if the unclear wording of the entry TOW in LR:394 is taken as implying that taw corresponds in meaning to both the noun tó and the adj. toa in Quenya). See

taw

pronoun. that

Derivations

• √TA “that, there, then; demonstrative”

taw

that

. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v.

tawar

wood

(as material) tawar (i dawar, o thawar) (forest), pl. tewair (i thewair).

tawar

wood

(i dawar, o thawar) (forest), pl. tewair (i thewair).

eryn

noun. wood

glad

noun. wood

glad

noun. wood

A word for a “wood” in the name Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” (UT/153) and possibly also Gladuial “✱Twilight Wood” (WJ/183, 188 note #48). It resembles galadh “tree” and is probably related to it, but it cannot be derived directly from the same root ᴹ√GALAD as that would produce ✱✱gladh. It was either derived from a variant root ✱√GALAT, or was a loan word from Nandorin where the word for “tree” was Nan. galad (MR/182; PE17/50, 60).

Element in

• S. Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” ✧ UT/153
• S. Gladuial “*Twilight Wood”

Variations

• Glad ✧ UT/153

han

that

pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.

san

pronoun. that

Derivations

• ✶san- “that” ✧ PE17/042

Element in

• S. im Narvi hain echant “I, Narvi, made them” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/042

taur

noun. great wood, forest

eryn

wood

1) (forest) eryn. No distinct pl. form. 2) glâd (i **lâd, construct glad) (small forest), pl. glaid (in glaid**) See FOREST. 2)

eryn

wood

. No distinct pl. form.

glâd

wood

(i ’lâd, construct glad) (small forest), pl. glaid (in glaid) See FOREST. 2)

i

that

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.

sa

pronoun. that

Derivations

• ✶sa “3 sg. neuter [it], the thing, impersonal; this by me, [ᴱ√] demonstrative”

taw

root. wood

Tolkien used a similar set of words for “forest” starting with the earliest versions of Elvish, but their derivation evolved somewhat over time. The earliest related root was ᴱ√TAVA “beam” with variant ᴱ√TAFA (the latter marked by Tolkien with a “?” and with no obvious derivatives) from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as the basis for words like ᴱQ. taule “great tree”, ᴱQ. tauno “forest” and ᴱQ. tavar “dale-sprite” (QL/90). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. tavros/G. taur “forest” and G. tavor “wood fay” (GL/69).

ᴱQ. taure “forest” did not appear as an independent word until drafts of the Oilima Markirya from around 1930 (PE16/62; MC/213). Thereafter Tolkien mostly stuck with Q. taurë and N./S. taur for “forest”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root ᴹ√TAWAR “wood, forest” (Ety/TÁWAR), though in one place it was ᴹ√TAR (EtyAC/TUR). In notes associated with the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 Tolkien gave √TAWA “wood”, and in notes on “large & small” roots from 1968 Tolkien had √TAW “wood” (PE17/115).

Derivatives

• ✶taurē “forest” ✧ PE17/115
  • Q. taurë “forest, (great) wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • S. taur “forest, wood, forest, wood, [N.] great wood, [G.] dense wood” ✧ PE17/115
• ✶tawinā “wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • Q. toina “wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • S. tawen “wood (of material), ?wooden (of make), wood (of material), wooden (of make)” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. tauca “stiff, wooden” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. taurë “forest, (great) wood” ✧ VT39/07
• ᴺQ. tauron “forester”
• Q. táva “great tree” ✧ PE17/115
• ᴺQ. tavas “woodland”
• Q. töa “wood (as material)” ✧ PE17/115
• S. taug “firm, strong, (?withstand)” ✧ PE17/115
• S. taw “wood as material” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

• ᴺQ. taucolca “(wooden) chest”
• Q. tautamo “carpenter (carver)”

Variations

• TAWA ✧ VT39/07

tawinā

adjective. wood

Derivations

• √TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115

Derivatives

• Q. toina “wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood” ✧ PE17/115
• S. tawen “wood (of material), ?wooden (of make), wood (of material), wooden (of make)” ✧ PE17/115

Variations

• tawĭnā ✧ PE17/115

san-

noun. that

Derivatives

• S. san “that” ✧ PE17/042

towo

noun. wool

Derivations

• ᴹ√TOW “*wool”

Variations

• tŏwŏ ✧ PE21/80

taw

adjective. of wool, woollen

A word appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TOW, apparently the cognate of the adjective ᴹQ. toa “of wool, woollen” (Ety/TOW).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. toa “of wool, woollen” ✧ Ety/TOW

Derivations

• ᴹ√TOW “*wool” ✧ Ety/TOW

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TOW > taw	[towa] > [toua] > [taua] > [tau]	✧ Ety/TOW

taw

adjective. of wool, woollen

taur

noun. great wood, forest