Quenya 

ta

that, it

ta (1) pron. "that, it" (TA); compare antaróta** "he gave it" (FS); see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna "thither", talo/ "thence" and tás/tassë* "there" are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: "to that", "from that" and "in that" (place), respectively. Compare "there" as one gloss of ta (see #4).

tar

adverb. thither

PQ. thither

Quenya [PE 19:104] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

tar

thither

tar (1) adv. or technically pron. with old allative ending: "thither" (TA). This is ta #1 with the same allative ending -r (from primitive -da) as in mir "into". Compare tanna. According to VT49:11, tar may also appear in the logner form tara.

toa

of wool, woollen

toa (2) adj. "of wool, woollen" (TOW; in GL:71 toa was glossed "wool", noun instead of adjective; but in Tolkien's later Quenya, the noun is )

i

pronoun. that

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

i, antevokaliskt in

conjunction. that

Quenya [PE 22:118] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ne

that

ne (2) conj. "that" (as in "I know that you are here") (PE14:54), evidently replaced by i in Tolkiens later Quenya (see i #3).

sa

conjunction. that

Quenya [PE 22:119] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

sana

that

Quenya [PE 22:116] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

savin elessar ar <u>i</u> nánë aran ondórëo

that

i (3) conj. "that". Savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo "I believe that Elessar really existed and that [he] was a king of Gondor" (VT49:27), savin…i E[lesarno] quetië naitë *"I believe that Elessars speaking [is] true" (VT49:28) Also cf. nai, nái "be it that" (see nai #1), which may seem to incorporate this conjunction.

tana

that

tana (1) demonstrative "that" (said to be "anaphoric") (TA). According to VT49:11, tana is the adjective corresponding to ta, "that" as a pronoun.

tana

that

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ta“that, there, that, there, [ᴹQ.] it”

Variations

  • tănā ✧ VT49/11

tanya

that

tanya demonstrative "that" (MC:215; this is "Qenya", perhaps corresponding to later tana)

tara

thither

tara adv. "thither"; see tar #1.

yana

that

yana demonstrative "that" (the former) (YA)

tamen

thither

tamen adv. "thither" (VT49:33). Compare simen.

tamen

adverb. thither

tande

thither

tande adv. "thither" (MC:215; this is "Qenya")

tanna

thither

tanna (2) pron. in allative "thither" (VT14:5, PE16:96; evidently to be understood as the allative of ta #2: "to that [place]"). Compare tar and locative tassë.

tanna

adverb. thither

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ta“that, there, that, there, [ᴹQ.] it”

Variations

  • tanna ✧ PE16/096; PE16/096

tavar

wood

tavar (1) noun "wood" (TÁWAR)

toina

adjective. wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood

A word glossed “wood” appearing in a list of “large & small” roots from around 1968 derived from primitive ✶tawĭnā (PE17/115) and hence probably an adjective “✱wooden, (made) of wood” as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/toina).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien instead had ᴹQ. taurina “of wood”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. tavar “wood (material)” (Ety/TÁWAR). The word ᴹQ. toina appeared in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1940s, but was unglossed, so whether it meant “✱wooden” is unclear.

Cognates

  • S. tawen “wood (of material), ?wooden (of make), wood (of material), wooden (of make)” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

  • tawinā “wood” ✧ PE17/115
    • TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115

Elements

WordGloss
-ina“adjective suffix; passive participle”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
tawĭnā > toina[tawinā] > [toinā] > [toina]✧ PE17/115

tar(a)

adverb. thither, thither; [ᴹQ.] beyond

Derivations

  • tad(a) “thither, thereto, to that” ✧ PE19/104

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
tad > tar[tad] > [tað] > [tar]✧ PE19/104

Variations

  • tar ✧ PE19/104
  • tăr ✧ VT49/11
  • tăra ✧ VT49/11
  • tamen ✧ VT49/33
Quenya [PE19/104; VT49/11; VT49/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oa

wool

oa (2) noun "wool" (LT1:249; evidently replaced by in Tolkien's later Quenya)

wool

1) noun "wool" (TOW)

turu

wood

turu (3) noun "wood" (properly firewood, but used of wood in general) (LT1:270)

Sindarin 

taw

adverb. thither

Derivations

  • tad(a) “thither, thereto, to that” ✧ PE19/104

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
tad > tað > > taw[tad] > [tā] > [tǭ] > [tau]✧ PE19/104

Variations

  • taw ✧ PE19/104
Sindarin [PE19/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taw

noun. wood as material

n. wood as material. Q. toa. >> taur

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:115] < TAW wood. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

taw

noun. wood as material

A noun in a list of “large & small” roots from around 1968 under the root √TAW “wood”, the cognate of Q. töa “wood as material” (PE17/115) and thus probably derived from primitive ✱tawā.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s “wood (material)” was N. tawar (Ety/TÁWAR), whereas in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s it was G. âl (GL/19).

Cognates

  • Q. töa “wood (as material)” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

  • TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
TAW > taw[tawa] > [taw]✧ PE17/115

Variations

  • taw ✧ PE17/115
Sindarin [PE17/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

han

that

pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:42] < pl1. _hein_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

san

pronoun. that

Derivations

  • san- “that” ✧ PE17/042

Element in

Sindarin [LotR/0305; PE17/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taur

noun. great wood, forest

Sindarin [Ety/391, S/420, S/438] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eryn

noun. wood

Sindarin [UT/436, LotR/B] OS *oroni- (?), "trees", plural noun, used as a singular.. Group: SINDICT. Published by

glad

noun. wood

Sindarin [Methed-en-Glad UT/452] Group: SINDICT. Published by

glad

noun. wood

A word for a “wood” in the name Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” (UT/153) and possibly also Gladuial “✱Twilight Wood” (WJ/183, 188 note #48). It resembles galadh “tree” and is probably related to it, but it cannot be derived directly from the same root ᴹ√GALAD as that would produce ✱✱gladh. It was either derived from a variant root ✱√GALAT, or was a loan word from Nandorin where the word for “tree” was Nan. galad (MR/182; PE17/50, 60).

Element in

Variations

  • Glad ✧ UT/153

taw

that

(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _

taw

pronoun. that

Derivations

  • TA “that, there, then; demonstrative”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

taw

that

. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form is actually given in LR:389 s.v.

taw

wool

taw (i daw, o thaw), pl. toe (i thoe) if there is a pl. Also used as adj. ”woollen, of wool” (if the unclear wording of the entry TOW in LR:394 is taken as implying that taw corresponds in meaning to both the noun and the adj. toa in Quenya). See THAT for a possible homophone.

taw

wool

(i daw, o thaw), pl. toe (i thoe) if there is a pl. Also used as adj. ”woollen, of wool” (if the unclear wording of the entry TOW in LR:394 is taken as implying that taw corresponds in meaning to both the noun and the adj. toa in Quenya). See

taw

ta

; if this did yield ”Noldorin”/Sindarin taw, it would create a homophone with taw ”wool”.

tawar

wood

(as material) tawar (i dawar, o thawar) (forest), pl. tewair (i thewair).

tawar

wood

(i dawar, o thawar) (forest), pl. tewair (i thewair).

i

that

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.

sa

pronoun. that

Derivations

  • sa “3 sg. neuter [it], the thing, impersonal; this by me, [ᴱ√] demonstrative”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

eryn

wood

1) (forest) eryn. No distinct pl. form. 2) glâd (i **lâd, construct glad) (small forest), pl. glaid (in glaid**) See FOREST. 2)

eryn

wood

. No distinct pl. form.

glâd

wood

(i ’lâd, construct glad) (small forest), pl. glaid (in glaid) See FOREST. 2)

Primitive elvish

taw

root. wood

Tolkien used a similar set of words for “forest” starting with the earliest versions of Elvish, but their derivation evolved somewhat over time. The earliest related root was ᴱ√TAVA “beam” with variant ᴱ√TAFA (the latter marked by Tolkien with a “?” and with no obvious derivatives) from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as the basis for words like ᴱQ. taule “great tree”, ᴱQ. tauno “forest” and ᴱQ. tavar “dale-sprite” (QL/90). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. tavros/G. taur “forest” and G. tavor “wood fay” (GL/69).

ᴱQ. taure “forest” did not appear as an independent word until drafts of the Oilima Markirya from around 1930 (PE16/62; MC/213). Thereafter Tolkien mostly stuck with Q. taurë and N./S. taur for “forest”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root ᴹ√TAWAR “wood, forest” (Ety/TÁWAR), though in one place it was ᴹ√TAR (EtyAC/TUR). In notes associated with the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 Tolkien gave √TAWA “wood”, and in notes on “large & small” roots from 1968 Tolkien had √TAW “wood” (PE17/115).

Derivatives

  • taurē “forest” ✧ PE17/115
    • Q. taurë “forest, (great) wood” ✧ PE17/115
    • S. taur “forest, wood, forest, wood, [N.] great wood, [G.] dense wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • tawinā “wood” ✧ PE17/115
    • Q. toina “wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood” ✧ PE17/115
    • S. tawen “wood (of material), ?wooden (of make), wood (of material), wooden (of make)” ✧ PE17/115
  • Q. tauca “stiff, wooden” ✧ PE17/115
  • Q. taurë “forest, (great) wood” ✧ VT39/07
  • ᴺQ. tauron “forester”
  • Q. táva “great tree” ✧ PE17/115
  • ᴺQ. tavas “woodland”
  • Q. töa “wood (as material)” ✧ PE17/115
  • S. taug “firm, strong, (?withstand)” ✧ PE17/115
  • S. taw “wood as material” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

Variations

  • TAWA ✧ VT39/07
Primitive elvish [PE17/115; PE17/187; VT39/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tawinā

adjective. wood

Derivations

  • TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115

Derivatives

  • Q. toina “wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • S. tawen “wood (of material), ?wooden (of make), wood (of material), wooden (of make)” ✧ PE17/115

Variations

  • tawĭnā ✧ PE17/115
Primitive elvish [PE17/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

san-

noun. that

Derivatives

  • S. san “that” ✧ PE17/042
Primitive elvish [PE17/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

towo

noun. wool

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TOW “*wool”

Variations

  • tŏwŏ ✧ PE21/80
Primitive elvish [PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

taw

adjective. of wool, woollen

Noldorin [Ety/394] Group: SINDICT. Published by

taw

adjective. of wool, woollen

A word appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TOW, apparently the cognate of the adjective ᴹQ. toa “of wool, woollen” (Ety/TOW).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. toa “of wool, woollen” ✧ Ety/TOW

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TOW “*wool” ✧ Ety/TOW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TOW > taw[towa] > [toua] > [taua] > [tau]✧ Ety/TOW

taur

noun. great wood, forest

Noldorin [Ety/391, S/420, S/438] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

toa

adjective. of wool, woollen

An adjective in The Etymologies of the late 1930s glossed “of wool, woollen” and derived from the root ᴹ√TOW (Ety/TOW).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. oara “of wool”, an adjective form of ᴱQ. oa “wool” under the early root ᴱ√OWO (QL/71).

Cognates

  • N. taw “of wool, woollen” ✧ Ety/TOW

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TOW “*wool” ✧ Ety/TOW

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
“wool”
-a“adjectival suffix”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TOW > toa[towa] > [toa]✧ Ety/TOW

i

pronoun. that

Element in

Variations

  • i ✧ PE22/118; PE22/124; PE22/124; VT27/07
  • in ✧ PE22/118
Qenya [PE22/118; PE22/124; VT27/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

in

pronoun. that

sa

pronoun. that

Element in

sana

adjective. that

Element in

tanna

adverb. thither

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ta“that, it”

noun. wool

A noun in The Etymologies of the late 1930s glossed “wool” and derived from the root ᴹ√TOW (Ety/TOW).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s had ᴱQ. oa “wool” under the early root ᴱ√OWO (QL/71). This became ᴱQ. toa in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, cognate to G. “wool” from primitive ᴱ✶tou̯ (GL/71). ᴹQ. “wool” first appeared in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s, but there it was an example of a monosyllable ō-noun derived from -ōʒǝ: ✱tōʒǝ (PE21/40). Compare this to ᴱN. “wool, fleece” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s derived from primitive ᴱ✶togō or ᴱ✶togo (PE13/154, 165).

Possible Etymology: The derivation ᴹ√TOW > ᴹQ. in The Etymologies seems to be the result of a sound change whereby stressed ou became ō (vs. unstressed ou becoming ū); this change was mentioned in both the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1930s (PE19/53) and the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s (PE19/106). However, in Tolkien’s later writing, the usual development of ou was to ū even if the syllable was stressed: compare ✶lou > and ✶lounē̆ > lūn in notes from the late 1960s (PE17/137).

Neo-Quenya: I would retain “wool” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but would assume it is derived from either ✱ or ✱togō, similar to its derivation from the earlier 1930s. This also makes it easier to retain ᴱN. “wool” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TOW “*wool” ✧ Ety/TOW

Element in

  • ᴹQ. toa “of wool, woollen”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TOW > [tou] > [tō]✧ Ety/TOW

Variations

  • ✧ Ety/TOW
Qenya [Ety/TOW; PE21/40] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

adverb. thither

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tar “thither, beyond” ✧ PE21/58

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TA “that” ✧ Ety/TA
  • ᴹ✶tad “thither” ✧ PE19/052; PE21/58
    • ᴹ√TA “that” ✧ Ety/TA

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TA > [tad] > [tā] > [tǭ]✧ Ety/TA
ᴹ✶tad > > [tad] > [tā] > [tǭ]✧ PE19/052
ᴹ✶tā̆d > [tad] > [tā] > [tǭ]✧ PE21/58

Variations

  • ✧ EtyAC/TA
Old Noldorin [Ety/TA; EtyAC/TA; PE19/052; PE21/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

ta

root. that

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶tad “thither” ✧ Ety/TA
    • ᴹQ. tar “thither, beyond” ✧ Ety/TA; PE19/052; PE21/58
    • On. “thither” ✧ PE19/052; PE21/58
  • ᴹQ. ta “that, it” ✧ Ety/TA
  • ᴹQ. tana “that (anaphoric)” ✧ Ety/TA
  • On. “thither” ✧ Ety/TA

Element in

  • ᴹ√TAN “*show” ✧ PE18/033; PE18/060
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TA; PE18/033; PE18/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tad

adverb. thither

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TA “that” ✧ Ety/TA

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. tar “thither, beyond” ✧ Ety/TA; PE19/052; PE21/58
  • On. “thither” ✧ PE19/052; PE21/58

Variations

  • tā̆d ✧ PE21/58
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TA; PE19/052; PE21/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

hant

adverb. thither

noun. wool

Changes

  • “well” ✧ GL/71

Cognates

  • Eq. toa “wool” ✧ GL/71

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶tou̯ “wool” ✧ GL/71

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶tou̯ > [tou] > [tō]✧ GL/71

Early Noldorin

dron

noun. wood

The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. drui or drû “wood, forest”; Tolkien specified it was not used of wood a material (GL/31). This Gnomish word may be related to the root ᴱ√TUÐU “kindle”; see that entry for details. In Early Noldorin Word-lists it appeared as ᴱN. dron “wood” (PE13/142).

Derivations

Early Noldorin [PE13/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

tou̯

noun. wool

Derivatives

  • Eq. toa “wool” ✧ GL/71
  • G. tôl “mantle”
  • G. taus “shaggy”
  • G. “wool” ✧ GL/71
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

togō

noun. wool

Derivatives

  • En. “fleece, wool” ✧ PE13/154; PE13/165

Variations

  • togo: ✧ PE13/154
  • togo ✧ PE13/165
Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/154; PE13/165] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

toa

noun. wool

Cognates

  • G. “wool” ✧ GL/71

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶tou̯ “wool” ✧ GL/71

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶tou̯ > toa[towā] > [towa] > [toua] > [toa]✧ GL/71
Early Quenya [GL/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ne

conjunction. that

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/052; PE14/054; PE14/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sanda

adjective. that

Changes

  • santasanda ✧ PE14/055

Element in

Variations

  • santa ✧ PE14/055 (santa)
  • tanda ✧ PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/060
Early Quenya [PE14/055; PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

santo

pronoun. that

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tanya

adjective. that

Element in

Early Quenya [MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tande

adverb. thither

Element in

Early Quenya [MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oa

noun. wool

Cognates

  • G. uf “fine wool, down”

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶OWO “*wool” ✧ LT1A/Aulë; QL/034; QL/071

Element in

  • Eq. oalúme “shearing time” ✧ QL/071
  • Eq. oa qitima “*wool for knitting” ✧ QL/078
  • Eq. oara “of wool” ✧ QL/071
  • Eq. oalle “blanket” ✧ PME/071

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶OWO > oa[owā] > [owa] > [oua] > [oa]✧ QL/034
ᴱ✶OWO > oa[owā] > [owa] > [oua] > [oa]✧ QL/071
Early Quenya [LT1A/Aulë; PME/071; QL/034; QL/071; QL/078] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aldare

noun. wood

A word glossed “wood” in the margins of Tolkien’s notes on The Creatures of the Earth from the 1910s, clearly an elaboration ᴱQ. alda “tree” as suggested by Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson (PE14/7).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ALA “spread‽”

Elements

WordGloss
alda“tree, branch”
-re“noun suffix”
Early Quenya [PE14/007] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oara

adjective. of wool

Early Quenya [QL/071] Group: Eldamo. Published by