Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

aksína

adjective. [of] steel

An unglossed word appearing as ᴱQ. aksīna in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. akse “steel” (PE15/77). It appeared after the partitive form aksīnen of the noun, which could also function as an adjective meaning “of steel” as mentioned in the contemporaneous Early Qenya Grammar (PE14/48). It could be that aksína had the same meaning, or a slightly different meaning such as “✱like steel”.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s it was ᴱQ. yaksina “of steel” based on ᴱQ. Y̯akse “steel” (QL/105).

Neo-Quenya: I would retain adjective ᴺQ. axína “(of) steel, ✱like steel” for purposes of Neo-Quenya since I also retain the noun ᴺQ. axë “steel”.

Early Quenya [PE15/77] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yakse

noun. steel

Early Quenya [GL/37; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

akse

noun. steel

A word appearing as ᴱQ. akse “steel” in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s (PE15/77), also appearing in its partitive form aksínen “of steel” in the Early Qenya Grammar of this same period (PE14/48, 81). Based on its partitive form as well as its adjective form ᴱQ. aksína, I believe its stem form would be aksi-.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s it was ᴱQ. Y̯akse “steel” (QL/105), while in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon it was {yakse >>} yaisa “steel” (GL/37).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would stick with ᴺQ. axë (axi-) “steel” based on the Neo-Root ᴺ√GAK. This “steel” word does conflict with the later word Q. axë “neck” (PE17/92), but I think a stem form of axi- makes it sufficiently distinct. However, if you are uncomfortable with this, the later word tornanga “hard-iron” might also be used for “steel” (PE17/56).

Early Quenya [PE14/048; PE14/081; PE15/77] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yaisa

noun. steel