Quenya 

alma

flower

alma (2) "flower" (PE17:153), said to be the "usual Quenya word" or "general Quenya word" (i.e. for flower), but its coexistence with #1 is problematic. Compare lós, lótë, lotsë, indil.

alma

noun. flower

A word for “flower” derived from primitive ✶galmā in notes on flowers in the same bundle containing Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 (PE17/153). Initially Tolkien said alma meant both “a blessed thing and a flower”, then said that Q. almë was “a blessed thing” and alba was “flower” (< √GAL-AB), before saying that alma was “flower”. Tolkien implied that alma was a usual or general word for “flower” in Quenya. These same notes also said the word alda < ✶galadā was used mainly of flowering trees. It seems in this instance Tolkien connected the root √GAL (normally just “grow, flourish”) specifically to flowers, giving it the gloss “bloom” along with other glosses like “grow, flourish, be vigorous”.

Neo-Quenya: Elsewhere alda was the general word for a “tree” and √GAL had no special connection to flowers. I think alma as a “flower” word was a transient idea. I would use lótë “flower” instead for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since it is much better established.

Changes

  • almaalmë “a blessed thing and a flower” ✧ PE17/153
  • albaalma “flower” ✧ PE17/153

Cognates

  • S. alf “flower” ✧ PE17/153

Derivations

  • galmā “flower” ✧ PE17/153
    • GALAM “elm”
    • GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ PE17/153
  • GALAB “flower” ✧ PE17/153
    • GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ PE17/153

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
galmā > alma[galmā] > [ɣalmā] > [almā] > [alma]✧ PE17/153
GAL-AB > alba[galba] > [ɣalba] > [ɣalβa] > [alβa] > [alba]✧ PE17/153

Variations

  • alba ✧ PE17/153 (alba)

alma

good fortune, weal, wealth

alma (1) noun "good fortune, weal, wealth". In a deleted entry in Etym, the glosses were "riches, (good) fortune, blessedness"; in another deleted entry, Tolkien provided the glosses "growth" and maybe "increase" (reading uncertain), also "good fortune, riches" (GALA [ALAM], VT45:5, 13, 14)

alba

noun. flower

almë

good thing, a blessing, a piece of good fortune

almë noun "a good thing, a blessing, a piece of good fortune" (PE17:146). Cf. alma, almië.

almë

noun. good (or blessed) thing, blessing, piece of good fortune

Changes

  • almaalmë ✧ PE17/146

Derivations

  • AL(A) “good (physically), blessed, fortunate, prosperous, health(y)” ✧ PE17/146; PE17/153

Element in

  • Q. Almiel “?Blessed Daughter”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ALA > almë[alme]✧ PE17/146
ALA > almë[alme]✧ PE17/153

Variations

  • alma ✧ PE17/146 (alma)
Quenya [PE17/146; PE17/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alalbë

noun. inflorescence

alalmë

inflorescence

alalmë (1) noun "inflorescence" (PE17:153), cf. alma #2.

alalmë

noun. inflorescence

A word appearing as {alalbe >>} alalme “inflorescence” in notes from around 1959, derived from √GAL (PE17/153). Compare this to [ᴹQ./ᴱQ.] alalme “elm” from The Etymologies of the 1930s and the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (Ety/ÁLAM; QL/29); in the 1959 notes Tolkien decided “elm” was albe.

Neo-Quenya: In these 1959 notes, the root √GAL had a connection to flowers seen nowhere else; see alma “flower” for discussion. As such, I think this “inflorescence” word was a transient idea, and I would use other words like lós and olos “inflorescence” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Changes

  • alalbealalme “inflorescence” ✧ PE17/153

Derivations

  • GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ PE17/153
  • GALAB “flower” ✧ PE17/153
    • GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ PE17/153

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
GAL > alalme[galalme] > [ɣalalme] > [alalme]✧ PE17/153
GAL-AB > alalbe[galalbe] > [ɣalalbe] > [ɣalalβe] > [alalβe] > [alalbe]✧ PE17/153

Variations

  • alalme ✧ PE17/153
  • alalbe ✧ PE17/153 (alalbe)

anta

face

anta (2) noun "face" (ANA1, VT45:5). Cf. cendelë.

canwa

face

#canwa (2) noun "face", isolated from canwarya ("k") *"his face", evidently an ephemeral form Tolkien abandoned in favour of cendelë, q.v. (VT49:21; see VT49:34 regarding uncertainties as to the manuscript reading)

canwa

noun. face

A word appearing as kanwarya in one of the drafts of the Ambidexters Sentence, apparently a 3rd-sg possessive form meaning “✱his face” (VT49/6, 21). Patrick Wynne suggested it might be derived from √KAT “shape” as in katmā > kanwa, patterned after Latin “faciēs” which also originally meant “shape”. It seems the n in this word was revised, but what the change was intended to be is unclear. Tolkien eventually revised this word to cendelë, so canwa was probably abandoned.

Derivations

  • KAT “shape, shape, [ᴹ√] make”

Element in

ausië

wealth

ausië noun "wealth" (LT2:336; rather lar or alma in Tolkiens later Quenya)

-stir

suffix. face

An element meaning “face” in the name Carnistir “Red-Face” (S. Caranthir), derived from primitive ✶stīrē (PM/353; VT41/10). Its form as an independent word would mostly likely be ✱síre (Classical Quenya þíre), but that would conflict with sírë “river” in spoken Quenya (Tarquesta). There are a number of other Quenya “face” words attested, such as cendelë, so it is probably safer to use one of these for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Cognates

  • S. thîr “face, face, [N.] look, expression, countenance”

Derivations

  • stīrē “face”
    • STIR “face”
    • TIR “watch (over), look at, observe, gaze at, watch (over), look at, observe, gaze at; [ᴹ√] guard”

Element in

autë

prosperity, wealth

autë noun "prosperity, wealth", also adj. "rich" (LT2:336; rather alma, and as adj. alya or lárëa, in Tolkiens later Quenya)

cendelë

face

cendelë noun "face" (VT49:21)

cendelë

noun. face, face, *visage

A word for “face” in the Ambidexters Sentence of the late 1960s (VT49/8). Patrick Wynne suggested it is likely an abstract noun formation from the verb cenda- “watch, observe”, and hence similar in origin to English/French “visage” which likewise originated from a Latin verb meaning “to see” (VT49/21). Earlier “face” words ᴱQ. alma and ᴱQ. yéma have similar derivations, as pointed out by Patrick Wynne.

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
cenda-“to watch (intensively), observe (for some time); to read”
-lë“abstract noun, adverb”

Variations

  • kendele ✧ VT49/21

lós

flower

lós (þ?) noun "flower" (PE17:26). If this is to be the cognate of Sindarin loth, as the source suggests, the older Quenya form would be *lóþ.

insil

noun. flower

TQ. flower, lily

Quenya [PE 19:99] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

lóte

noun. flower

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

lótë

flower

lótë noun "flower", mostly applied to larger single flowers (LOT(H), LT1:259, VT42:18). (The shorter form -lot occurs in compounds, e.g. fúmellot, q.v.) In the names Ninquelóte *"White-flower" (= Nimloth), Vingilótë "Foam-flower", the name of Eärendil's ship (SA:loth), also in Lótessë fifth month of the year, "May" (Appendix D). See also olótë, lotsë.

nívë

noun. face

A neologism for “face” coined by Petri Tikka in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s, derived from the root ᴹ√NIB “face, front”, but I see no reason not to use attested [ᴹQ.] anta or cendelë “face” for that purpose for that purpose.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NIB “face, front”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by