am

adverb. up, upwards, towards head of, above

am

noun. breast, front (chest)

amon

adverb. uphill, against stream

ammos

noun. byrne, hauberk, cuirass

Early iterations of the Elvish languages had a number of different words for “chest” and “breast”. The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. am “breast, front (chest)” (GL/19), a word that reappeared in Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document along with a longer variant amoth, but with only a single gloss “breast” (PE13/109). The lexicon (but not the slips) had a longer word G. {ambos >>} ammos byrne, hauberk, cuirass”, an element in the word G. ammogrint or crinthammos “red-breast = robin” (GL/19, 27). Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱN. amb, am “breast” along with longer amuith “breast”, as well as ᴱN. am(b)os “breastplate”, but all these forms were rejected.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would retain ᴺS. ammos but with the sense “breast, chest” rather than “breastplate”, to serve as the cognate of ᴺQ. ambos (ambor-) “chest”; the Sindarin variant must have been derived from a primitive form with a double-s: amboss-. It might be an ancient combination of √AM “up” and ᴹ√OS “around”, perhaps with the original sense “upper enclosure (of the body)”.

amosgarn

noun. robin

The word G. amosgarn “robin” appeared in Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (PE13/110), a combination of G. ammos “breast(plate)” and G. carn(in) “scarlet” and equivalent to ᴱQ. karneambar “robin, (lit.) red-breast” (QL/48).

Conceptual Development: Several similar forms appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon proper: G. {ambogrintha, amrintha >>} ammogrint “red breast” (GL/19) and G. {crinthambos >>} crinthammos “red breast, robin” (GL/27), but these words used G. crintha “rosy, pink” rather than G. carn(in) “scarlet”.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt this word as ᴺS. amosgarn “robin, (lit.) red-breast” as a combination of ᴺS. ammos “breast” and a modified form of S. caran “red”.

amon

noun. hill, mount, steep slope

am(b)ros(t)

noun. dawn

amon gwareth

place name. Hill of Watch

amil

noun. mother

amlad

noun. surface

ammogrint

adjective. red-breast[ed]

amra-

verb. to go up and down, live in the mountains, wander

amraith

noun. nomand, wanderer (f.)

amrint

noun. lark

amrog

noun. nomand, wanderer

amabwed

adjective. having hands

amaith

noun. mother

ami

noun. mummy

amoth

noun. breast

amrad

noun. nomand, wanderer (f.)

amrod

adjective. wandering, living in wilds

amrog-dorn

noun. brown wanderer, gipsy

amrost

noun. dawn

famfa-

verb. to maul

A verb in the Gnomish Lexicon given as {fampa- >>} famfa- “maul”, an elaboration of G. famp “feeling, stroking” (GL/33).

(m)ami

noun. mummy

crinthammos

noun. robin, (lit.) red-breast

mu

preposition. will, am going to, am about to

mutha

preposition. will, am going to, am about to

odra-

verb. am able, can

gothnir

noun. amazon

gothwin

noun. amazon

dairtha-

verb. to play, amuse

lactha-

verb. (tr.) gather together, collect, amass

tast

noun. total, amount

cagrin

adjective. funny, amusing

gedfel

adjective. friendly, affable, amiable

cilobinc

noun. robin

A word for “robin” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with a variant cílobi, related to the verb G. ciloba- “chirp” (GL/26) and ᴱQ. kilapi “robin” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/46).

fent

noun. snake

A word for “snake” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, along with a deleted variant fenlug (fenlog-) (GL/34), the latter probably a combination with G. lûg “snake”. It was clearly a cognate of ᴱQ. fent “serpent” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/38).

gwadh-

verb. to dwell

A verb appearing as G. gwadh- “dwell” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with a (deleted) primitive form gu̯ađ (GL/46), likely an allusion to the early root ᴱ√ẆAÐA from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/102). In that document, Tolkien gave the Gnomish form as {gwath- >>} gwar-, however, which might align with the deleted primitive form ᴱ✶gu̯ara- “dwell” from the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/38).

rôma

noun. shoulder

A noun for “shoulder” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, related to G. ram “wing” (GL/64, 66) and so probably derived from the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward”.

maudrimad

noun. breakfast

A noun appearing as G. maudrimad “breakfast” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. maudri “early morn before dawn” and G. mâd “meal” (GL/57).

Neo-Sindarin: I would update this word to ᴺS. amorvad “breakfast” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin using my preferred neologism ᴺS. amor for “morning”.

angband

place name. Hells of Iron

umbart

noun. fate

-(a)vlid

suffix. less

alan

noun. shoulder

ba

preposition. in

beb

adverb. [unglossed]

bi

preposition. in

brid-

verb. [unglossed]

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

climbol

noun. [unglossed]

crog

noun. hook

duruchalm

proper name. Yule

dôn

?. [unglossed]

fanc

noun. cut

fir

adjective. less

gail

noun. star

gantha

adverb. more

garth

adjective. beloved

haurost

noun. dawn

idhru

place name. the world

idril

feminine name. Beloved

inthi

adverb. less

lingos

noun. snake

lingwir

noun. dragon

lir-

verb. to sing

lûg

noun. snake

mab(a)

noun. mother

mad-

verb. to eat

mara-

verb. to dwell

mora

adjective. good

na-

verb. to be

orod

noun. mountain

oros

noun. rising

orthi

adverb. up

pad

noun. [unglossed]

seth

adjective. dry

sinthi

pronoun. [unglossed]

telu

noun. end

thail

noun. [unglossed]

thil

noun. [unglossed]

ulug

noun. dragon

ôm

noun. mind, heart, thought

’ôs

noun. [unglossed]

to

proper name. To

(m)bara-

verb. to dwell

aurost

noun. dawn

bada-

verb. to build

cílobi

noun. robin

daira-

verb. to play

fagin

adjective. cut

fenlug

noun. snake

fî

noun. [unglossed]

gaid

adverb. more

gatha

?. [unglossed]

@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant

halm na-dhuruthon

proper name. Yule

hodhir

noun. hope

mabir

noun. mother

mawr

adjective. good

melon

adjective. dear, beloved

meltha

adjective. dear, beloved

nanwin

noun. mother

nân

noun. mother

odra

adverb. very

orosaura

noun. sunrise

ort

noun. mountain

praust

noun. [unglossed]

prog

noun. [unglossed]

rab-

verb. [unglossed]

rost’aura

proper name. Sunrise

rô

noun. [unglossed]

saltha-

verb. play

sind

noun. [unglossed]

suib

adjective. dry

thel

noun. [unglossed]

thelg

noun. [unglossed]

thion

noun. [unglossed]

thrim

?. [unglossed]

thû-

verb. [unglossed]

trum

?. [unglossed]

tûn

noun. [unglossed]

ulthanc

noun. [unglossed]

umeg

?. [unglossed]

umrod

noun. fate

ûna

noun. hope