forn

adjective. north, north, [N.] right

An adjective for “north” based on the prefix for- (SA/formen; PE17/18). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it had the gloss “right or north” under the root ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” (Ety/PHOR).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of North-Sindarin I would use this adjective only for “north”, and for “right (hand)” I would use S. fuir; see that entry for discussion.

forn

noun. right, north

forn

noun. the North

_n. _the North. Q. formen. >> for

fornost

place name. Norbury, (lit.) Northern Fortress

The old capital of Arnor, translated “Norbury” (LotR/9). It is a compound of forn “north” and ost “city, fortress” (SA/formen, os(t)).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Osforod “Northburg” (TI/120), later revised to N. Fornobel (TI/147) and finally Fornost (WR/76).

for-

prefix. north

A prefix for “north” (PE17/18) clearly based on the root ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” (Ety/PHOR).

cirith forn en andrath

place name. High-Climbing Pass of the North

Sindarin name of the High Pass over the Misty Mountains that Bilbo and the Dwarves followed on their Quest to Erebor (UT/271, 278 note #4). This name is a combination of cirith “cleft, pass”, forn “north”, en “of the” and Andrath “Long Climb”.

Cirith Forn en Andrat

noun. nothern high-climbing pass

cirith (“pass, cleft”), forn (“north”), en (gen. article), and (“long”) + rath (#“climbing passage”)

fair

noun. right (hand)

forod

noun. north

forod

noun. north

The Sindarin word for “north” derived from primitive ᴹ✶phoroti based on the root ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” (LotR/1123; PE17/18; Ety/PHOR). It was the “right-hand direction” since the Elves reckoned their directions while facing west, so that “north” was to the right (LotR/1123). It can also be used for “the North” as a region, but Sindarin would do so without a definite article: mi Forod “in [the] North” (PE23/133).

forvo

noun. right hand

forvo

noun. right side

fuir

adjective. north

fuir

adjective. north

A word appearing in the name Eryn Fuir “North Wood” in notes from the late 1960s that were ultimately struck through (VT42/20). David Salo suggested it was likely derived from ✱phorya (GS/255). If so, it would be a later version of N. fœir >> feir “right (hand)” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, which was the equivalent of ᴹQ. forya under the root ᴹ√PHOR of similar meaning (Ety/PHOR).

These differences between the Noldorin and Sindarin forms were due to varying phonetic developments in the 1930s vs. the 1950s-60s; see the entry on how œi became ui in Sindarin for more details.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use ᴺS. fuir in its 1930s sense “right (hand)”, since we have plenty of other words for “north”.

hollen

noun. closed

tafnen

adjective. closed, blocked, stopped

Orthography normalized to tafnen, as in lefnui

uidafnen

adjective. ever-closed

Normalized to uidafnen, as in lefnui

forod

north

#forod (isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

forod

north

(isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

fuir

right

1. (adj, of direction), also used as noun "right hand": fuir (north), pl. fŷr (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR). 2) (direction, not "correct") fôr (north), pl. fŷr. 3) (straight) tîr (lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

fuir

right

(north), pl. fŷr (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR).

fôr

right

(north), pl. fŷr.

hollen

closed

(passive participle) hollen; see CLOSE.

iarwain

eldest

iarwain (based on Iarwain as a name of Tom Bombadil, perhaps literally ”old-new”).

iarwain

eldest

 (based on Iarwain as a name of Tom Bombadil, perhaps literally ”old-new”).

paur

tightly closed hand

(i baur, o phaur, also -bor in compounds) (fist), pl. poer (i phoer), coll. pl. porath.

tafnen

closed

(adj.) #tafnen (stopped, blocked), lenited #dafnen; pl. tefnin (WR:341, isolated from uidavnen, with f rather than v in normalized orthography);

tafnen

closed

(stopped, blocked), lenited #dafnen; pl. tefnin *(WR:341, isolated from uidavnen, with f rather than v in normalized orthography)*;

tîr

right

(lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

uidafnen

ever-closed

(WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin****

forn

adjective. right or north

forn

noun. right, north

forn(en)

adjective. closed

forven

noun. north

forven

noun. north

A word for “north” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, the direct equivalent of ᴹQ. formen (Ety/PHOR).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would just use S. forod “north”.

fenn forn(en)

place name. Closed Door

Earlier name for S. Fen Hollen in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s glossed “Closed Door” (WR/338, 341), a combination of fenn “door” and forn(en) “closed”.

erion

masculine name. Eldest

Earlier form of S. Iarwain appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, translated “Eldest” and appearing beside N. Iaur (TI/125). It might be a superlative form of iaur “old”; in the Early Noldorin Grammar, the similar suffix -iant was used for the superlative (PE13/125). If the suffix -ion was a Noldorin superlative suffix, perhaps the initial [e] developed due to Noldorin i-affection.

feir

noun. right (hand)

forgam

adjective. right-handed

forod

noun. north

forod

noun. north

fœir

noun. right (hand)

iaur

masculine name. Eldest

uidavnen

adjective. ever-closed

Normalized to uidafnen, as in lefnui

forn

masculine name. Eldest

formen

noun. north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]

The Quenya word for “north” and the name of tengwa #10 [e] (LotR/1123). It is a combination of ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” and √MEN “way”, so named because it is the direction to the right when facing west (PE17/18; PE22/23; Ety/PHOR, MEN). It is also the name of the region of the north which in English would be “the North” but Quenya just has Formen without the definite article (PE23/133).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. póme “north” under the early root ᴱ√PO (QL/74) along with a variant poar (QL/75), both of which were also mentioned in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/75). The Ambarkanta of the early 1930s at first had Tormen for “north”, but this was revised for Formen both there and in The Etymologies from 1937 (SM/244; Ety/MEN) and Tolkien used formen thereafter.

Formen

north

Formen noun "north" (SA:men), also name of tengwa #10 (Appendix E, PHOR, MEN; replacing the rejected form Tormen). In Formenos, place-name "Northern Fortress" (SA:formen). Allative formenna, VT49:26.

Tormen

north

[Tormen] noun "north" (MEN; replaced by Formen, q.v.)

forya

right

forya adj. "right" (PHOR), "dexter" (VT46:10)

pahta

closed, shut, private

pahta (1) adj. "closed, shut, private" (VT39:23, VT41:6, PE17:171)

inkâ

noun. North