_ adj. _fair, good, wholesome, favourable, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bain
Sindarin
bain
fair
bân
adjective. fair
fair
noun. mortal
fair
noun. right (hand)
fair
adjective. quick
_adj. _quick, ready, prompt. >> feir
fair
adjective. quick, ready, prompt
Cognates
- ᴺQ. ferya “quick, ready, prompt”
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶pheryā > feir > fair [pʰerjā] > [pʰerja] > [ɸerja] > [ferja] > [feria] > [feri] > [feir] > [fair] ✧ PE17/181
gwain
adjective. fair
adj. fair. . This gloss was rejected.
gwana
noun/adjective. fair
Changes
gwain→ gwana “fair, general word for Elves” ✧ PE17/140Derivations
- ✶
wanasō✧ PE17/140Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶wanasō > gwana [wanasō] > [wanaso] > [wanaho] > [gwanaho] > [gwanah] > [gwana] ✧ PE17/140 Variations
gwain✧ PE17/140 (gwain)
gwân
adjective. fair
_ adj. _fair, pale.
lind
adjective. fair
Derivations
- √LIN “sing, make a musical sound, sing, make a musical sound, [ᴱ√] gentle”
Element in
- S. Linhir “Fair Stream” ✧ RC/587
Variations
- lin ✧ RC/587 (lin)
feir
noun. mortal
feir
noun. Mortal, Mortal, [N.] mortal man
A term used for Men meaning “Mortal”, appearing in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, cognate to Q. Firya of the same meaning, both derived from √PHIR which was the basis of words for natural death (WJ/387). According to Tolkien this word was borrowed from Quenya, since the Noldor had pre-knowledge of the nature of Men having learned of them from the Valar. The plural form of Feir was Fîr and its class plural Firiath, the latter also appearing in contemporaneous Silmarillion drafts (WJ/219 footnote). It is unclear why this word did not become ✱Fair, since ei became ai in Sindarin monosyllables. Perhaps it remained Feir because it was an adaptation from Quenya, or it could be a conceptual remnant of its Noldorin form (see below).
Conceptual Development: Probably the first precursor to this word was ᴱN. fion “man, human being” from Index of Names for The Lay of the Children of Húrin compiled in the early 1920s (PE15/62), also appearing with the gloss “mortal man” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the same period (PE13/143). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gaven N. {fîr “man, mortal” >>} feir pl. fîr “mortals” under the root ᴹ√PHIR (Ety/PHIR; EtyAC/PHIR), hence with basically the same form, meaning and etymology as it had in later Sindarin.
Cognates
- Q. Firya “Mortal” ✧ WJ/219; WJI/Feir; WJ/219
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources Q. Firya > Feir [firja] > [ferja] > [feria] > [feri] > [feir] ✧ WJ/387 Q. Firya > Fîr [firji] > [firi] > [fir] ✧ WJ/387
feir
adjective. quick
_adj. _quick, ready, prompt. >> fair
fuir
adjective. north
fuir
adjective. north
@@@ likely from [pʰorja] as suggested by David Salo (GS/255), thus a later version of than feir “right (hand)” with a different phonetic development. In the 2008 version of his Sindarin Dictionary, Didier Willis suggested fair as the Sindarized form of N. feir (HSD/fair), but more recent research indicates that fuir < ✱phorya is more likely, as suggested to me in a private chat by Elaran on 2018-08-26; see the entry on how [[s|[œi] became [ui] or [y]]] in Sindarin for further details.
Derivations
- ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand”
Element in
- S. Eryn Fuir “North Wood” ✧ VT42/20
Variations
- Fuir ✧ VT42/20 (Fuir)
firin
adjective. mortal
adj. mortal. >> firen
firion
noun. mortal man
fíreb
adjective. mortal
fíreb
noun. Mortal
Cognates
- Q. Fírima “Mortal, (lit.) One Apt to Die” ✧ WJ/387
fíreb
adjective. mortal
An adjective meaning “mortal”, more literally “those apt to die”, a Sindarin adaptation of Q. fírima of the same meaning, both based on the root √PHIR having to do with natural death (WJ/387). It was also used as Fíreb to refer to Mortal Men, a variant of Feir of similar meaning. Tolkien said “Fíreb as compared with Fírima shows the use of a different suffix, since the S equivalent of Q -ima (✱-ef) was not current” (WJ/387).
Derivations
- √PHIR “exhale, expire, breathe out, exhale, expire, breathe out; [ᴹ√] die of natural causes” ✧ WJ/387
Element in
- S. Fíreb “Mortal” ✧ WJ/387
Elements
Word Gloss fir- “to fade, *die” -eb “adjective suffix” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √PHIRI > Fíreb [pʰīrikwā] > [pʰīripā] > [pʰīripa] > [ɸīripa] > [ɸīrepa] > [fīrepa] > [fīrep] > [fīreb] ✧ WJ/387 Variations
- Fíreb ✧ WJ/387
for
adjective. north
gwân
adjective. pale, fair
Cognates
- Q. vanya “fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden), fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden); [ᴱQ.] good (not evil), holy” ✧ PE17/165
Derivations
- √(G)WAN “pale, fair” ✧ PE17/165
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √GWAN > gwân [gwana] > [gwan] > [gwān] ✧ PE17/165
Fíriel
noun. mortal maid
firiath
noun. mortals, human beings
firieth
noun. mortal woman
bain
adjective. beautiful, fair
bain
beautiful
_ adj. _beautiful. Q. vanya.
bain
good
_ adj. _good, wholesome, blessed, fair (esp. of weather). . This gloss was rejected.
bain
adjective. fair, beautiful; good, wholesome, favorable; fair-haired, beautiful; good, wholesome, favorable; fair, fair-haired
Cognates
Derivations
- √BAN “beauty (due to lack of fault or blemish); fair, beautiful” ✧ PE17/150
- √(G)WAN “pale, fair” ✧ PE17/154
- √GWAY ✧ PE17/154
- ✶banya “beautiful” ✧ PE17/165
- √BAN “beauty (due to lack of fault or blemish); fair, beautiful” ✧ PE17/165
- ✶
gwenyā“fair, beautiful” ✧ PE17/191
- √
GWEN“fair, beautiful; (probably originally) fresh, fair, unblemished (especially of beauty of youth)” ✧ PE17/191Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √BAN > bân [ban] > [bān] ✧ PE17/150 √GWAN > bain [gwanja] > [banja] > [bania] > [benia] > [beni] > [bein] > [bain] ✧ PE17/154 √GWAY > baen [gwain] > [bain] > [baen] ✧ PE17/154 ✶banya > bain [banja] > [bania] > [benia] > [beni] > [bein] > [bain] ✧ PE17/165 ✶gwenyā > bein > bain [gwenjā] > [benjā] > [benja] > [benia] > [beni] > [bein] > [bain] ✧ PE17/191 Variations
- bân ✧ PE17/150
- baen ✧ PE17/155 (baen)
dail
adjective. lovely
_ adj. _lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. >> deil
fael
adjective. fair minded, just, generous
forn
adjective. north, north, [N.] right
Cognates
- Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ PE17/018; SA/formen
Element in
- S. Cirith Forn en Andrath “High-Climbing Pass of the North”
- ᴺS. Forchalad “aurora, (lit.) northern radiance”
- S. Forfalas “North Falas”
- S. Forlindon “Lindon north of the Gulf of Lune”
- S. Forlond “North Haven”
- S. Forlonnas “North-harbourage”
- S. Fornarthan “North Beacon” ✧ VT42/30
- S. Fornost “Norbury, (lit.) Northern Fortress” ✧ RC/774; SA/formen
Variations
- for ✧ PE17/018
- for(n)- ✧ VT42/30
forn
noun. right, north
lain
adjective. free, freed
maer
good
_ adj. _good.
maer
good
adj. good, proper, excellent. Q. mára good, proper, Q. maira excellent. >> mae-. This gloss was rejected.
maer
adjective. excellent
maer
adjective. good, excellent, fair, good, excellent, fair; [N.] useful, fit, good (of things)
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √MAY > maer [mairā] > [maira] > [mair] > [maer] ✧ PE17/162 √MAG > maer [magrā] > [magra] > [maɣra] > [maira] > [mair] > [maer] ✧ PE17/172
forod
noun. north
forod
noun. north
Cognates
- Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; SA/formen
Element in
- S. Forochel “*Northern Ice” ✧ PE17/116
- S. Forodwaith “North-region, Northmen”
forvo
noun. right hand
forvo
noun. right side
laeb
adjective. fresh
laew
adjective. fresh
_ adj. _fresh.
laew
adjective. fresh
Derivations
- √LAY “*be alive, flourish, [ᴱ√] be alive, flourish” ✧ PE17/159
Element in
- ᴺS. laeweth “freshness”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √LAY > laew [laiwa] > [laiw] > [laew] ✧ PE17/159
ma
adjective. good
_ adj. _good. Archaic and obsolete except as interjection 'good, excellent, that's right'.
cîw
adjective. fresh, new
rîdh
noun. sown field
sown field, tilled ground
rîdh
noun. sown field, sown field, [N.] acre
A noun for a “sown field” in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) derived from primitive ✶reddā (PE19/91). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. rîð “‘sown’, sown field, acre” also from primitive ᴹ✶reddā under the root ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED; EtyAC/RED). The form N. rîð did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/383), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne noted its existence in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/11).
Conceptual Development: There were several other “field” words in Tolkien’s earlier writings. G. garw “sown-field” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, also functioning as an adjective meaning “tilled” (GL/38). ᴱN. gwas “field” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/146).
Cognates
- Q. resta “sown field, tilled ground, acre; *fair” ✧ PE19/092
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺS. rídhas “the country, countryside, farmland”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶reddā > rezdā > rîdh [reddā] > [rezdā] > [rezda] > [rēda] > [rēða] > [rīða] > [rīð] ✧ PE19/091 Variations
- ríð ✧ PE19/092 (ríð)
deil
lovely
_ adj. _lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. >> dail
laeb
adjective. green
_ adj. _green. A theoretical equivalent to Q. laiqua but that did not exist in Sindarin.
laeg
green
_ adj. _green. >> Legolas
laeg
adjective. green
_ adj. _green (of leaves, herbage). Q. laika.
laeg
adjective. "viridis", fresh and green
Seldom used (replaced by calen )
nimp
adjective. pale
adj. pale, pallid. nimp << nim (PE17:168). >> niphred
raud
excellent
_ adj. _excellent, noble, eminent.
bân
adjective. fair, good, wholesome, favorable
calen
adjective. green
calen
green
(galen) _ adj. _green (fresh, vigorous). galen after a sg. noun. Q. kălina (lit. illumined) sunny, light.
melui
adjective. lovely, sweet
This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew
bain
fair
bain (beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
bain
fair
(beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
fair
mortal man
(human) fair (fír-), pl. fîr, coll. pl. firiath. Archaic sg. feir (WJ:387). Wheareas the above-mentioned terms are apparently gender-neutral, the following are gender-specific:
fair
mortal man
(fír-), pl. fîr, coll. pl. firiath. Archaic sg. feir (WJ:387). Wheareas the above-mentioned terms are apparently gender-neutral, the following are gender-specific:
fair
adjective. right (hand)
fuir
right
1) (adj, of direction), also used as noun "right hand": fuir (north), pl. fŷr (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR). 2) (direction, not "correct") fôr (north), pl. fŷr. 3) (straight) tîr (lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).
fuir
right
(north), pl. fŷr (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR).
firin
mortal
?firin. No distinct pl. form.
firin
mortal
. No distinct pl. form.
firion
mortal man
firion (pl. firyn).
firion
mortal man
firion (pl. firyn) and
fíreb
mortal
(adj. and noun) fíreb (pl. fírib), coll. pl. firebrim. The literal meaning is "apt to die" (WJ:387).
fíreb
mortal
(pl. fírib), coll. pl. firebrim. The literal meaning is "apt to die" (WJ:387).
firieth
mortal woman
(pl. firith).
adleitha
free
(i adleitha, in adleithar), also †adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).
bain
beautiful
bain (fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
bain
beautiful
(fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
maer
good
_(”useful” of things _ not of moral qualities) maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.
maer
good
(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.
rain
free
rain (wandering, erratic). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”border” (VT46:10; suggested Sindarin form of ” Noldorin” rhain)
cîw
fresh
1) cîw (lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (new), 2) laeb (no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” lhoeb (LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK) 3) laeg (green), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
forod
north
#forod (isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).
forod
north
(isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).
fôr
right
(north), pl. fŷr.
maidh
pale
1) maidh (lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn), 2) nimp (nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form, 3) thind (grey); no distinct pl. form; 4) gael (glittering), lenited ael; no distinct pl. form. 5) *malu (lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
maidh
pale
(lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn)
tîr
right
(lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).
leitha
set free
(i leitha, i leithar)
lasgalen
leaf-green
(pl. lesgelin).
mith
pale grey
(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
rîdh
sown field
rîdh (acre); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (idh rîdh)
rîdh
sown field
rîdh (acre); no distinct pl. form except possinly with article (idh rîdh) (VT46:11)
gael
pale
(glittering), lenited ’ael; no distinct pl. form.
laeg
green
(fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
malu
pale
(lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
nimp
pale
(nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form
thind
pale
(grey); no distinct pl. form
brêg
quick
brêg (sudden, lively), lenited vrêg, pl. brîg
brêg
quick
(sudden, lively), lenited vrêg, pl. brîg
calen
green
1) (etymologically "bright") calen (lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath **Gelin, "Green Ridges"). 2) laeg (fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas** ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
calen
green
(lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath Gelin, "Green Ridges").
gwind
pale blue
(lenited ’wind; no distinct pl. form).
milui
loving
milui (lenited vilui; no distinct pl. form) (friendly, kind)
milui
loving
(lenited vilui; no distinct pl. form) (friendly, kind)
elu
pale blue
(analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?).
_ adj. _fair, good, blessed, wholesome, favourable, without evil/bad element, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bân