Quenya 

an

for

an (1) _conj. and prep. _"for" (Nam, RGEO:66), an cé mo quernë… "for if one turned…" (VT49:8), also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express "one more" (of the thing concerned: an quetta "a word more", PE17:91). The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" (SD:290) however seems to denote motion towards (the speaker): the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" (NĀ1). The phrase an i falmalī _(PE17:127) is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar "upon the foaming waves" (Nam)_, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending (and if falmalī is seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case). In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an "moreover, further(more), to proceed" (VT49:18-19) or ("properly") "further, plus, in addition" (PE17:69, 90). According to one late source (ca. 1966 or later), an "is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament […]: An sí Tintallë, etc. [= For now the Kindler, etc…] This is translated by me for, side an is (as here) often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said". Related is the use of an + noun to express "one more"; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition.

atar

preposition. *for

Changes

  • atarmeter “*for” ✧ VT43/33

Element in

Variations

  • atar ✧ VT43/33; VT44/18
Quenya [VT43/33; VT44/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ten

for

ten (2) conj. "for", in Fíriel's Song; apparently replaced by an in LotR-style Quenya.

forma

noun. right-hand

Cognates

  • S. forvo “right hand, right side” ✧ VT47/06

Elements

WordGloss
PHOR“right-hand”
“hand”

Formen

north

Formen noun "north" (SA:men), also name of tengwa #10 (Appendix E, PHOR, MEN; replacing the rejected form Tormen). In Formenos, place-name "Northern Fortress" (SA:formen). Allative formenna, VT49:26.

formen

noun. north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]

Cognates

  • S. forod “north” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; SA/formen
  • S. forn “north, north, [N.] right” ✧ PE17/018; SA/formen

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
forya“right (hand), dexter”
men“way, way; [ᴹQ.] place, spot”

Variations

  • Formen ✧ SA/men
Quenya [LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/028; PE17/125; SA/formen; SA/men; UT/165; VT49/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Tormen

north

[Tormen] noun "north" (MEN; replaced by Formen, q.v.)

-nna

to

-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of - "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).

ana

to

ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_

preposition. *for, on behalf of

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ VT43/33
  • hrá ✧ VT43/33

hrá

preposition. *for, on behalf of

na

to, towards

na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).

-nna

to, at, upon

-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.

an

adverb/conjunction. for, but, then, or; moreover, furthermore

Derivations

  • and(ă) “moreover, to go on further, to say more” ✧ PE17/090
    • ANAD “long; far” ✧ PE17/090
  • am(a) “moreover, furthermore, to proceed” ✧ PE17/091
    • AMA “addition, increase, plus” ✧ PE17/091
  • NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/146

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
and(ă) > an[anda] > [and] > [an]✧ PE17/090
am(a) > an[ama] > [am] > [an]✧ PE17/091
ANA/NĀ > an[an]✧ PE17/146

Variations

  • An ✧ LotR/0377; PE17/069; PE17/091; RGEO/58; RGEO/59
Quenya [LotR/0377; PE17/069; PE17/090; PE17/091; PE17/147; RGEO/58; RGEO/59; VT49/18; VT49/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

for

adjective. north

for

noun. right-hand

_n. _right-hand, north. Q. for-. >> forn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

forn

adjective. north, north, [N.] right

Cognates

  • Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ PE17/018; SA/formen

Element in

Variations

  • for ✧ PE17/018
  • for(n)- ✧ VT42/30
Sindarin [PE17/018; RC/774; SA/formen; VT42/30] Group: Eldamo. Published by

forod

noun. north

Sindarin [Ety/382, S/431, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

forod

noun. north

Cognates

  • Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; SA/formen

Element in

Sindarin [LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/116; SA/formen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

an

preposition. to, for, to, for; [N. and G.] of

Changes

  • enienni ✧ VT41/16

Derivations

  • NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/146

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ANA/NĀ > ana > an[ana] > [an]✧ PE17/146

Variations

  • eni ✧ VT41/16 (eni)
  • ann ✧ VT44/22 (ann)
Sindarin [LB/354; Let/448; LotR/0290; LotR/0299; LotR/0307; LotR/0953; LotR/1061; PE17/038; PE17/045; PE17/117; PE17/147; SD/129; UT/039; VT41/11; VT41/16; VT44/22; VT44/27; VT47/37; VT50/23] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fuir

adjective. north

Sindarin [VT/42:20] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fuir

adjective. north

@@@ likely from [pʰorja] as suggested by David Salo (GS/255), thus a later version of than feir “right (hand)” with a different phonetic development. In the 2008 version of his Sindarin Dictionary, Didier Willis suggested fair as the Sindarized form of N. feir (HSD/fair), but more recent research indicates that fuir < ✱phorya is more likely, as suggested to me in a private chat by Elaran on 2018-08-26; see the entry on how [[s|[œi] became [ui] or [y]]] in Sindarin for further details.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand”

Element in

Variations

  • Fuir ✧ VT42/20 (Fuir)

an

to

_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:38:102:147] < _ana _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

na

to

e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _nā _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

na

preposition. to

prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:20-1:25] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

an

preposition. to, towards, for

With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

Sindarin [LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

an

for

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

for

(adverbial prefix) an-

an

for

(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).

forod

north

#forod (isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

forod

north

(isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

ammen

for us

(to us).

an

for the

(for) + i (the).

an

to

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

to

(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)

Telerin 

forma

noun. right-hand

Cognates

  • S. forvo “right hand, right side” ✧ VT47/06

Black Speech

u

preposition. to

Element in

Black Speech [LotR/0445; PE17/078; PM/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

forod

noun. north

Noldorin [Ety/382, S/431, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

forod

noun. north

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. formen “north, right hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶phoroti “right or north” ✧ Ety/PHOR
    • ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶phoroti > forod[pʰoroti] > [pʰorote] > [ɸorote] > [forote] > [forot] > [forod]✧ Ety/PHOR

Variations

  • Forod ✧ WRI/Forod
Noldorin [Ety/PHOR; WRI/Forod] Group: Eldamo. Published by

forven

noun. north

Noldorin [Ety/382] fôr+mên. Group: SINDICT. Published by

forven

noun. north

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. formen “north, right hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PHOR > forven[pʰormena] > [ɸormena] > [formena] > [formen] > [forven]✧ Ety/PHOR
Noldorin [Ety/PHOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

heltha-

verb. to strip

The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14

Noldorin [Ety/386, VT/46:14] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Easterling

inkâ

noun. North

Element in

  • Eas. Incánus “North-spy” ✧ UT/399

Variations

  • Inkā ✧ UT/399
Easterling [UT/399] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

phor

root. right-hand

This root appeared as ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives having to do with “right [vs. left]” and also “north” such ᴹQ. formen and N. forod “north” (Ety/PHOR). These words for “north” reappeared in The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1123), and the connection between “north” and “right” was reaffirmed in Tolkien’s discussion of the Ambidexters Sentence from the late 1960s, since the Elves aligned the cardinal directions by facing west towards Aman (VT49/6-8). ᴹ√PHOR was likely a later iteration of the early root ᴱ√PO from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with various derivatives having to do with “north” (QL/74).

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶phoroti “right or north” ✧ Ety/PHOR
    • ᴹQ. forte “right or north” ✧ Ety/PHOR
    • N. forod “north” ✧ Ety/PHOR
  • ᴹQ. forya “right (hand), dexter” ✧ Ety/PHOR
  • Q. Forontë “Northern Lamp”
  • N. fervein “northern” ✧ Ety/PHOR
  • N. forn “right or north” ✧ Ety/PHOR
  • N. forven “north” ✧ Ety/PHOR
  • S. fuir “north”
  • N. feir “right (hand)” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Element in

  • ᴺQ. Foralcar “aurora, (lit.) northern radiance”
  • Q. forma “right-hand”
  • ᴹQ. formen “north, right hand” ✧ Ety/MEN; Ety/PHOR
  • ᴺQ. fornúmen “northwest”
  • ᴺQ. forrómen “northeast”
  • S. forvo “right hand, right side”
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/MEN; Ety/PHOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

had

preposition. facing, opposite, over against; (c. allative) against, instead of, in return for, for, as

Derivations

  • ᴱ√HATA “hurl, fling”

Element in

  • G. hadra- “to face, oppose, stand in way; to resist, thwart” ✧ GL/47
  • G. hadra “opposing, facing, opposite; equivalent” ✧ GL/47
  • G. hadron “opposite” ✧ GL/47
  • G. had- “for-, in return for, back, instead of” ✧ GL/47

to

proper name. To

Cognates

  • Eq. Tombo “Gong (of the Children)” ✧ PE15/07

Early Quenya

na

preposition. for

Element in

  • Eq. na voru “for always” ✧ PE15/69 (na voru)
Early Quenya [PE15/69] Group: Eldamo. Published by

poar

noun. north

póme

noun. north

Derivations

  • ᴱ√PO “‽” ✧ QL/074

Element in

  • Eq. pómea “northern” ✧ QL/074
  • Eq. Pómelaire “North Fields” ✧ QL/074

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√PO > pōme[pōmē] > [pōme]✧ QL/074

Variations

  • pōme ✧ PME/075; QL/074
  • poar ✧ PME/075; QL/075
Early Quenya [PME/075; QL/074; QL/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by