Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

gais

noun. steel

A word appearing as G. gais “steel” in the Gnomish Lexicon where it was cognate to {yakse >>} ᴱQ. yaisa “steel” (GL/37).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I use ᴺQ. axë (axi-) “steel” based on words from the 1920s and derived from ✱gaksē via the Neo-Root ᴺ√GAK. In the phonology of the 1930s, this would produce ᴺS. gaes “steel”; compare to N. taes “nail” < ᴹ✶taksē. Based on this, I use gaes for “steel” in my version of Neo-Sindarin.

There is evidence that the phonological developments in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s were different, however, given S. ach “neck” < ✶aks (PE17/92). In this later phonology, the result would be ✱gach. Since I retain words like N. taes, I’m comfortable with words like gaes “steel” as dialectical variants. If you dislike this, you might instead use ᴺS. thornang “steel, (lit.) hard-iron” as a cognate to Q. tornanga “hard-iron”.

Gnomish [GL/37; GL/38; LT1A/Ilsaluntë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gaisin

adjective. of steel

A word appearing as G. gaisin “of steel” in the Gnomish Lexicon, an adjectival form of the noun G. gais “steel” (GL/37).

Neo-Sindarin: Since I adapt the Gnomish noun as ᴺS. gaes “steel” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt the adjective as ᴺS. gaesen “of steel”.

gaist

noun. torment, oppression

gaista-

verb. to oppress, cause great grief to