Primitive elvish

lim

root. link, join

A root glossed “link, join” appearing in notes on hands and fingers from the late 1960s where it was the basis for words meaning “wrist (hand-link)”, such as Q. málimë and S. molif (VT47/6). It is likely a later iteration of unglossed ᴱ√LIMI (probably = “✱bind”) from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with both Qenya and Gnomish derivatives like ᴱQ. lim- “bind” and G. laim “thong, rope” (QL/54; GL/52, 54); this connection was suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT47/18 note #7).

Derivatives

  • limi “link” ✧ VT47/06
    • Q. limë “link, link, *joint” ✧ VT47/06
    • S. lîf “link, link, *joint” ✧ VT47/06
  • ᴺQ. limil “chain”
  • ᴺQ. limya- “to link, join”
Primitive elvish [VT47/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

limi

noun. link

Derivations

  • LIM “link, join” ✧ VT47/06

Derivatives

  • Q. limë “link, link, *joint” ✧ VT47/06
  • S. lîf “link, link, *joint” ✧ VT47/06

Element in

  • mā-limi “wrist, (lit.) hand-link” ✧ VT47/06
Primitive elvish [VT47/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

li

root. many

This root was connected to words for “many” throughout Tolkien’s life. In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s it appeared as ᴱ√, with variant ᴱ√ILI “many” and extended form ᴱ√LIYA (LI + ya) “unite many as one” with derivatives like ᴱQ. lia- “entwine” and ᴱQ. liante “tendril” (QL/42, 53). In later writings there is no sign of the inversion √IL “many” (later √IL meant “all”), whereas ᴱ√LIYA seems to have shifted to unrelated ᴹ√SLIG with derivatives like ᴹQ. lia “fine thread, spider filament” and ᴹQ. liante “spider” (Ety/SLIG).

The base root ᴹ√LI “many” did reappear in The Etymologies of the 1930s, however (Ety/LI), and √LI “many” appeared again in etymological notes from the late 1960s (VT48/25). The long-standing connection between this root and the Quenya (partitive) plural suffixes indicates its stability in Tolkien’s mind.

Derivatives

  • Q. -li “partitive plural (suffix); many, some, a lot of”
  • Q. lië “people, folk”
  • Q. li(n)- “many”
  • ᴺQ. lina “many”
  • ᴺQ. lio “much”
  • S. “people (of one kind or origin), people (of one kind or origin), [G.] folk, many people, crowd of folk”

Element in

  • ᴺQ. lita- “to multiply”
Primitive elvish [VT48/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lĭmbĭ

adjective. quick, swift

Derivatives

  • Q. limbë “quick, swift” ✧ PE17/018
  • S. lim “quick, swift” ✧ PE17/018
Primitive elvish [PE17/018] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kalat

noun. light

Derivatives

Variations

  • kalā́t- ✧ PE18/087
Primitive elvish [PE18/087; PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rindi

adjective. swift

Derivatives

Primitive elvish [PE21/81] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nen

root. water, water, [ᴱ√] flow

A root connected to water and (to a lesser extent) rivers for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appearance was as ᴱ√NENE “flow” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, though Tolkien marked both the root and the gloss with a “?”; it had derivatives like ᴱQ. nen “river, †water” and ᴱQ. nēnu “yellow water lily” (QL/65). Under this entry Tolkien noted that “nen water is perhaps different from nen river, which is from neře” (QL/65); elsewhere in QL Tolkien gave ᴱ√NERE² or ᴱ√NEŘE [NEÐE] as the basis for nen (nend-) “river”, a root he said was often confused with ᴱ√NESE “give to feed; feed, pasture; graze” (QL/66). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon he had G. nenn “(1) water, (2) river” and G. nendil “water fay” which were probably a blending of NENE and NEÐE, as well as G. nern “brook” from ✱nere¹ (GL/60), probably corresponding to ᴱ√NERE² from QL.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had unglossed ᴹ√NEN with derivatives like ᴹQ. nén/N. nen “water” and ᴹQ. nelle “brook” (Ety/NEN), whereas ᴱ√NERE² and ᴱ√NEÐE from the 1910s seems to have been abandoned. The primitive form √NEN or nē̆n “water” continued to appear regularly in Tolkien’s writings from the 1940s, 50s and 60s (PE17/52, 167; PE19/102; PE21/64, 79).

Derivatives

  • nē̆n “water”
    • Q. nén “water, water, [ᴱQ.] river”
    • S. nen “water; lake, pool; (lesser) river, water; lake, pool; (lesser) river, [ᴱN.] stream”
  • nēnā “wet” ✧ PE17/052; PE17/167
    • Q. nenda “wet” ✧ PE17/052; PE17/167
    • S. nîn “wet, *watery” ✧ PE17/052
  • nenda “water”
  • Q. nén “water, water, [ᴱQ.] river” ✧ PE17/052; SA/nen
  • Q. nenda “wet” ✧ PE17/167
  • Q. nendë “lake, lake, [ᴹQ.] pool” ✧ PE17/052
  • ᴺQ. nendo “water mead, *watered plain”
  • S. nen “water; lake, pool; (lesser) river, water; lake, pool; (lesser) river, [ᴱN.] stream” ✧ PE17/052; SA/nen

Element in

Variations

  • NEN- ✧ PE17/145
  • NĒ̆N ✧ PE17/167
  • nen ✧ SA/nen
Primitive elvish [PE17/052; PE17/145; PE17/167; SA/nen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nenda

noun. water

Derivations

  • NEN “water, water, [ᴱ√] flow”

Element in

  • S. Núrnen “Sad Water, Dead Water” ✧ PE17/087
Primitive elvish [PE17/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nē̆n

noun. water

Derivations

  • NEN “water, water, [ᴱ√] flow”

Derivatives

  • Q. nén “water, water, [ᴱQ.] river”
  • S. nen “water; lake, pool; (lesser) river, water; lake, pool; (lesser) river, [ᴱN.] stream”
Primitive elvish [PE19/102; PE21/79] Group: Eldamo. Published by