Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

mast

noun. feed, food, nourishment; fodder

A noun appearing as G. mast “feed, food, nourishment; fodder” in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/56). Its etymology is unclear; it might be derived from the early root ᴱ√MATA “eat” or from ᴱ√M(B)ASA “cook, bake”.

Neo-Sindarin: This word can easily be adapted as Neo-Sindarin ᴺS. mast based on ancient √MAT “eat” + noun suffixes ✶-dā or ✶-ta, since d + t or t + t from suffixion resulted in st in Sindarin phonology. I would limit this word to animal feed or fodder, and would use ᴺS. math for “food” in general.

masta-

verb. to feed, graze

The verb G. masta- “feed, graze” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/56). Its etymology is unclear; it is tempting to assume it is derived from the early root ᴱ√MATA “eat” (QL/31), but is not clear how the st would arise in the phonology of Gnomish. Another possible root is ᴱ√M(B)ASA, but in the Qenya Lexicon this root was glossed “cook, bake” (QL/59, 63).

Neo-Sindarin: This word can easily be adapted as Neo-Sindarin ᴺS. masta- based on an ancient causative verb = √MAT “eat” + ✶-tā, since t + t from suffixion resulted in st in the Elvish phonology of the 1930s-60s. I would limit this verb to the sense “[put to] feed, graze” for animals, while directly feeding another would be ᴺS. media-.

mastir

noun. *shepherdess

bast

noun. bread

Gnomish [GG/08; GL/22; GL/51] Group: Eldamo. Published by

delmos

noun. beech nuts, mast [= fruit of beech, oak, chestnut]

Gnomish [GL/30; PE13/112] Group: Eldamo. Published by

indor

noun. master (of house), lord

Gnomish [GL/51; LT2A/Idril] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwir

noun. master, lord, possessor

innor

noun. master (of house), lord

hiron

noun. guardian, overseer, lord, master

hiros

noun. guardian, overseer, lord, master

mathron

noun. herd, herdsman, shepherd

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “herd, herdsman, shepherd”, an agental form of G. moth “sheep”, with a variant mastir which is probably the feminine form “✱shepherdess” (GL/56). The gloss “herd” is reinforced by the fact that Tolkien equated it to G. nethron “herd” (GL/60).

Gnomish [GL/56; GL/60] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bas-

verb. to bake

A verb appearing as G. bas- “bake” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/22), based on the early root ᴱ√M(B)ASA “cook, bake” (QL/59).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would update this verb to ᴺS. basta- “to bake” for better compatibility with the later Quenya verb [ᴹQ.] masta-. I first saw this neologism suggested by Fiona Jallings (FJNS/339).

baldrin

adjective. mighty

beb

adverb. [unglossed]

blaith

noun. spirit

Gnomish [GL/23; GL/43; LT1A/Cûm a Gumlaith] Group: Eldamo. Published by

brid-

verb. [unglossed]

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

climbol

noun. [unglossed]

clochiol

adjective. stone

An adjective for “stone” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as an element in G. gôf·clochiol “stone-fruit” (GL/40), derived from G. cloch “a stone” (GL/26).

corn

noun. loaf

Gnomish [GL/26; PE13/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dôn

?. [unglossed]

noun. [unglossed]

gatha

?. [unglossed]

@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant

gond

noun. stone

hermon

noun. lord

malc

noun. lord

nethron

noun. herd

A noun appearing as {nestor >>} nethron “herd” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√NESE “give to feed; feed, pasture; graze” (QL/66) with sr becoming thr.

Neo-Sindarin: The suffix -(r)on is mostly an agental suffix in later Sindarin, so I would adapt this word as ᴺS. nethor “herd, flock” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin from the Neo-Root ᴺ√NES and primitive ✱nes-rē; compare [N.] tathor < ᴹ✶tathrē.

pad

noun. [unglossed]

polodrin

adjective. mighty

A word appearing as G. polodrin “mighty” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjective form of G. polod “power, might, authority” (GL/64). It had an archaic variant {poldurin >>} †polurin or polorin which was sometimes used as a sobriquet for Tulcus.

Neo-Sindarin: Since ᴹ√POL(OD) still had to do with “strength” in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d adapt this word as ᴺS. polodhren “mighty, ✱powerful” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin using the later Sindarin adjective -ren. Given the meanings of its base noun (including authority), I’d assume this adjective has a connotation of political power. I’d constrast it with S. belaith which I’d use for “mighty” in general (independent of authority).

Gnomish [GL/64; LT1A/Poldórëa] Group: Eldamo. Published by

praust

noun. [unglossed]

prog

noun. [unglossed]

rab-

verb. [unglossed]

noun. [unglossed]

sind

noun. [unglossed]

sinthi

pronoun. [unglossed]

thail

noun. [unglossed]

thegor

noun. chief

Gnomish [GL/72; LT1A/Cûm a Thegranaithos] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thel

noun. [unglossed]

thelg

noun. [unglossed]

thil

noun. [unglossed]

thion

noun. [unglossed]

thrim

?. [unglossed]

thû-

verb. [unglossed]

trum

?. [unglossed]

túrin

masculine name. Lord

Gnomish [LT2I/Túrin; PE15/61] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tûn

noun. [unglossed]

ulthanc

noun. [unglossed]

umeg

?. [unglossed]

’ôs

noun. [unglossed]