orna

tall, high, lofty

orna adj. (2) "tall, high, lofty" (PE17:112, 186), also orwa

ornë

tree

ornë noun "tree" _(Letters:308, SD:302: "when smaller and more slender like a birch or rowan", Etym stem ÓR-NI: "tree, high isolated tree"). For the etymology, see Letters:426; for (original) difference in meaning between ornë and alda, see alda. In ornemalin "tree-yellow"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... (LotR2:III ch. 4; cf. Letters:308), also as final element in malinornë "yellow-tree, mallorn" (q.v.) Masc. name Ornendil *"Tree-friend" (Appendix A)_, compound Ornelië "tree-folk" (Quenya name of the Galadhrim, the tree-people of Lórien) (TI:239).

ornë

noun. (tall) tree, (tall) tree, [ᴹQ.] high isolated tree

A word for a “(tall) tree” in Quenya, derived from primitive ✶ornē (Let/426; PE17/25, 50). This word can be compared to the more common alda “tree”. Talking about the primitive forms Tolkien said:

> ... ✱ornē “tree” originally and usually applied to the taller, straighter, and more slender trees, such as birches [as opposed to] ... stouter and more spreading trees, such as oaks and beeches, were called in C.E. galadā “great growth” (NM/349 and note #1).

I would use ornë in Quenya only for tall straight trees, and alda as either the general word for “tree”, or where applicable for broad and spreading trees.

Conceptual Development: The earliest precursor to this word seems to be ᴱQ. orond- “bush”, cognate to G. orn “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/62). It became {orne >>} ᴱQ. orme “tree” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/139) and then ᴹQ. orne “high isolated tree” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ᴹ✶ÓR-NI “high tree” (Ety/ÓR-NI). It retained the form orne thereafter.

Cognates

• S. orn “(tall straight) tree” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/112; PE17/153; PE17/153

Derivations

• ✶ornē “(straight) tree” ✧ Let/426
  • √RŌ/ORO “up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising” ✧ Let/426

Element in

• Q. malinornë “mallorn, (lit.) golden/yellow tree” ✧ Let/308; PE17/080
• ᴺQ. nessornë “sapling”
• ᴺQ. nindornë “palm-tree”
• Q. ornemalin “[tree] bearing yellow flowers” ✧ Let/308; PE17/080
• Q. Ornendil “*Tree-friend”
• Q. ornendur “tree-keep, forester, woodsman”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ornē > orne	[ornē] > [orne]	✧ Let/426

Variations

• orne ✧ Let/308; Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/080; PE17/153

orwa

tall, high, lofty

orwa adj. (2) "tall, high, lofty" (PE17:112, 186), also orna

alda

tree

alda noun "tree" (GALAD, GÁLAD, SA, Nam, RGEO:66, LR:41, SD:302, LT1:249, LT2:340, VT39:7), also name of tengwa #28 (Appendix E). Pl. aldar in Narqelion; gen. pl. aldaron "of trees" in Namárië. Etymology of alda, see Letters:426 and UT:266-7. The latter source states that primitive ¤galadā, whence Quenya alda, originally applied to stouter and more spreading trees such as oaks or beeches, while straighter and more slender trees such as birches were called ¤ornē, Quenya ornë - but this distinction was not always observed in Quenya, and it seems that alda became the general word. According to PE17:25, primitive galada (sic) referred to "a plant (large) and was a general term". Place-name Aldalómë ""tree-night" or "tree-shade-night" (LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in PE17:82); Aldarion masc. name, *"Son of (the) Trees" (Appendix A), Tar-Aldarion a Númenorean King (UT:210). Aldaron a name of Oromë (Silm); aldinga "tree-top" (VT47:28), aldarembina (pl. aldarembinë attested) adj. "tree-tangled", the cognate of Sindarin galadhremmin**(PM:17:26).Aldúya fourth day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Trees (Appendix D). The word seems to include Aldu, a dual form referring to the Two Trees. The Númenóreans altered the name to Aldëa (presumably < aldajā), referring to one tree (the White) only. The dual Aldu seems to occur also in Aldudénië** "Lament for the Two Trees" (a strange word, since Quenya does not permit intervocalic d as in this word perhaps the Vanyarin dialect of Quenya did) (Silm)

alda

noun. tree

alda

noun. tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch

The basic Quenya word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where ᴱQ. alda “tree” appeared under the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). Tolkien seems to have switched its derivation to ✱galadā in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where ᴹQ. alda “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD of the same meaning (Ety/GALAD). See also ornë “(tall) tree” for a discussion of another similar word.

Conceptual Development: There were a few instances where the word alda had a different meaning. In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, alda was glossed “branch” (PE16/139). In notes from 1959 Tolkien said “✱galadā, originally only large flourishing plant, as tree, and especially one that flowered, Q alda, S galað; the general word for ‘tree’ was Q orne ‘upstanding plant’ (PE17/153)”. But in its numerous appearance elsewhere, alda was simply a general word for “tree”.

Cognates

• S. galadh “tree” ✧ Let/426; LotR/1113; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/136; PE17/153; PE17/153; RGEO/65; SA/alda; NM/352
• Nan. galad “tree” ✧ PE17/050
• T. galada “tree” ✧ NM/352

Derivations

• ✶galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; VT39/07
  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
  • √GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153
• √GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ PE22/160

Element in

• Q. Aldalómë “Tree-twilight” ✧ RC/385
• Q. Aldamir “*Tree Jewel”
• Q. Aldanil “Lover of Trees”
• Q. aldarembina “tree-meshed” ✧ PE17/135
• Q. Aldarion “*Son of Trees”
• Q. Aldaron “Lord of Forests, (lit.) Of Trees” ✧ SA/alda
• Q. Aldëa “*Tuesday, Tree-day (Númenórean)”
• ᴺQ. aldeon “avenue (of trees)”
• Q. aldinga “tree-top”
• Q. Aldudénië “Lament for the Two Trees” ✧ MR/100; SA/alda
• Q. Aldúya “*Tuesday, Day of the Two Trees”
• Q. culumalda “laburnum, *(lit.) orange-tree”
• ᴺQ. eccalda “cactus, (lit.) spine tree”
• Q. Malinalda “Tree of Gold” ✧ SA/alda
• ᴺQ. milpialda “olive tree”
• Q. Nísimaldar “Fragrant Trees” ✧ UT/167
• ᴺQ. paltalda “palm tree”
• ᴺQ. relyávalda “fig-tree”
• Q. yéni únótimë ve rámar aldaron “long years numberless as the wings of trees” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. yéni únótimë ve aldaron rámar “long-years not-countable as trees’ wings” ✧ RGEO/58

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶galadā > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ Let/426
✶galada > alda	[galada] > [galda] > [ɣalda] > [alda]	✧ NM/352
✶galadā > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE17/025
✶galadā > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE17/050
✶galadā > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE17/063
✶galadā > ʒalaðā > ʒalðā > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [ɣalðā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE17/135
✶galadā́ > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE17/153
✶galadā > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE17/153
√GAL > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE22/160
✶ʒalda > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ VT39/07

Variations

• Alda ✧ RC/385

tunda

tall

tunda adj. "tall" (TUN)

aiqualin

tall

aiqualin ("q")adj. "tall", plural form (???) (MC:216; this is "Qenya" - but cf. aiqua above.)

halda

adjective. tall, tall; [ᴱQ.] wide, broad

halla

tall

halla (1) adj. "tall" (Appendix E, footnote)

halla

adjective. tall

Derivations

• √KHAL “raise; lift up or extend upwards, raise; lift up or extend upwards, [ᴹ√] uplift, erect, lift from ground, (make) stand up” ✧ PE17/184

Element in

• Q. Hallacar “*Tall Helm”
• Q. Hallatan “*Tall Man”
• ᴺQ. orohalla “superior”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KHAL > halda	[kʰalda] > [xalda] > [halda]	✧ PE17/184

Variations

• halda ✧ PE17/184

orn

noun. (any large) tree

orn

a tall tree

_n. Bot._a tall tree. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. orne. >> Fangorn, galadh, nordh

orn

upstanding plant

_ n. _upstanding plant, general word for tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. [PE17:25: 153] >> Fangorn, galadh

orn

noun. (tall straight) tree

A “tree” word in Sindarin, derived from primitive ✶ornē (Let/426; NM/349; UT/266). This word can be compared to the more general galadh “tree”. Of these Tolkien said:

> There was not in Sindarin much distinction in size between galað and orn. But oak (norð, Q nordo) and beech were galað for instance and birch and ash orn. A galað was more thick, dense & branching (PE17/25).

And:

> ... ✱ornē “tree” originally and usually applied to the taller, straighter, and more slender trees, such as birches [as opposed to] ... stouter and more spreading trees, such as oaks and beeches, were called in C.E. galadā “great growth” (NM/349 and note #1).

In this second set of notes Tolkien also said “In S. orn < ✱ornē fell out of common use and was used only in verse and songs, though it survived in many names, of trees and persons. All trees were called galað < ✱galadā” (NM/349 note #1). I can find no evidence that S. orn was archaic this outside of this note. As such, I would use orn in Sindarin for tall straight trees, and galadh either for trees in generally, or where applicable for broad and spreading trees.

Conceptual Development: This word was very well established in Tolkien’s mind. In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. orn was the ordinary word for “tree”, as opposed to archaic/poetic G. †alwen (GL/19, 62). ᴱN. orn “tree” appeared in Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s where it was derived from ᴱ✶orne- (PE13/151, 164), and N. orn “tree” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ᴹ✶ÓR-NI “high tree”, though in this document Tolkien said this Noldorin word was “used of any large tree” (Ety/ÓR-NI).

Cognates

• Q. ornë “(tall) tree, (tall) tree, [ᴹQ.] high isolated tree” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/112; PE17/153; PE17/153

Derivations

• ✶ornē “(straight) tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/349; UT/266
  • √RŌ/ORO “up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising” ✧ Let/426

Element in

• S. Belegorn “*Great-tree”
• S. Celeborn “Tree of Silver” ✧ PE17/112; SA/orn
• ᴺS. collorn “laburnum, *(lit.) orange-tree”
• ᴺS. ecthelorn “spruce, fir-tree”
• S. eryn “wood, forest (of trees)” ✧ PE17/153
• S. Fangorn “Treebeard” ✧ PE17/084; SA/orn
• S. Hírilorn “Tree of the Lady” ✧ SA/orn
• S. huorn “?spirit tree” ✧ RC/425; UTI/Huorns
• S. lebethron “Gondorian hardwood, *(lit.) finger tree”
• S. mallorn “gold tree, yellow tree” ✧ SA/orn
• S. Melthinorn “Tree of Gold”
• S. neldor “beech” ✧ SA/neldor
• S. Ornil
• S. Taur-i-Melegyrn “Forest of the Great Trees” ✧ WJI/Taur-i-Melegyrn
• Os. malthorn “gold tree” ✧ PE17/050; VT42/27

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ornē > orn	[ornē] > [orne] > [orn]	✧ Let/426
✶ornē > orn	[ornē] > [orne] > [orn]	✧ NM/349
✶ornē > orn	[ornē] > [orne] > [orn]	✧ UT/266

Variations

• oron ✧ PE17/153 (oron)

oron

noun. tree

n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. >> orn

malhorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

mallorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

malthorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

orchal

adjective. tall, tall; [N.] superior, eminent, lofty

Element in

• S. Orchaldor “*Tall Lord”

Elements

Word	Gloss
or	“above, above; [G.] onto, on top, on”
hall	“exalted, high”

Variations

• Orchal ✧ WJ/305; WJI/Galdor; WJI/Orchal

lebethron

noun. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor

In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)

arod

adjective. tall

_ adj. _tall, eminent. Q. aratā.

galadh

noun. tree

galadh

tree

_n. Bot._tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

galadh

tree

{ð} n. tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

galadh

noun. tree

The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.

Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).

Cognates

• Nan. galad “tree” ✧ MR/182; PE17/060
• Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ Let/426; LotR/1113; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/136; PE17/153; PE17/153; RGEO/65; SA/alda; NM/352

Derivations

• ✶galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; UT/266
  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
  • √GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153

Element in

• S. Bregalad “Quickbeam; (lit.) Quick (Lively) Tree”
• S. Caras Galadhon “City of the Trees” ✧ Let/426; NM/352; SA/alda; UT/267
• S. Caras i-Ngelaidh “City of the Trees” ✧ PE17/060
• S. Galadhon
• S. galadhremmen “tree-meshed” ✧ PE17/136
• S. Galadhrim “Tree-people” ✧ Let/426; PE17/050; SA/alda; UT/267
• S. Galadlóriel “Golden Rain, (lit.) Golden Tree”
• S. Galador
• S. Galadriel “Glittering-garland” ✧ SA/kal; UT/267
• S. Galadwen
• S. Galathilion “White Tree”
• S. Gelennil “Lover of Trees”
• S. lais geledhion “leaves of trees” ✧ PE17/097
• S. o galadhremmin ennorath “from tree-tangled middle-lands” ✧ PE17/025
• S. Orgaladh “Day of the Tree, *Tuesday”
• S. Orgaladhad “Day of the Two Trees, *Tuesday”
• S. si loth a galadh lasto dîn “*here flower and tree listen [in] silence” ✧ LB/354

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ Let/426
✶galada > galað	[galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ NM/352
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/025
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/050
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/063
✶galadā > galaða > galað > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/135
✶galadā́ > galað	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/153
✶galadā > galað	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/153
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ UT/266

Variations

• galað ✧ MR/182; MR/470; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/060; PE17/153; PE17/153

raud

tall

adj. tall, high, lofty, eminent, noble. Q. arta (< áratā). >> Nimrodel, rodel

orn

tall

(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.

orn

tree

(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

huorn

walking tree of fangorn

(i chuorn, o chuorn), pl. huyrn (i chuyrn).

tond

tall

1) tond (lenited dond; pl. tynd), 2) †orn (pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.

tond

adjective. tall

tond

tall

(lenited dond; pl. tynd)

galadhon

of or related to trees

(lenited ‘aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic ✱galadhaun. The latter is based on David Salo’s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.

lebethron

oak tree

.

toss

low-growing tree

(i** doss, o thoss, construct tos), pl. tyss (i** thyss). Tolkien mentioned ”maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.” as examples of the low-growing trees covered by this word. Specific trees, see

galadh

tree

1) galadh (i **aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302). 2) orn (pl. yrn**). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

galadh

tree

(i ’aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302).

nothlir

family tree

(family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

galadhrim

people of the trees

(Elves of Lórien). Adj.

galada

noun. tree

Cognates

• Nan. galad “tree”
• Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ NM/352

Derivations

• ✶galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ NM/352
  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
  • √GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153

galla

noun. tree

Changes

• galda → galla ✧ VT39/19

Variations

• galda ✧ VT39/19 (galda)

galad

noun. tree

Cognates

• S. galadh “tree” ✧ MR/182; PE17/060
• Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ PE17/050
• T. galada “tree”

Derivations

• ✶galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ PE17/050
  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
  • √GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153

Element in

• Nan. Galadrim “Tree-people” ✧ PE17/050
• Nan. Caras Galadon ✧ PE17/060

Variations

• Galad ✧ PE17/060

galad

noun. tree

>> Galadrim

galad

noun. tree

Derived from galadâ "great growth", "tree", applied to stout and spreading trees such as oaks and beeches (UT:266, Letters:426; in the latter source, the root GAL is defined as "grow", intransitive). It is interesting to notice that this word, given in a source much later than the Etymologies that provides most of the Nandorin material, nonetheless agrees well with the older words cited by Tolkien: again we see the loss of original final -â, whereas original post-vocalic d is unchanged as in the word edel.

orn

noun. (any large) tree

orn

noun. tree

Cognates

• ᴹQ. orne “(high isolated) tree” ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI

Derivations

• ᴹ✶ornē “(high) tree” ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI; SD/302
  • ᴹ√ORON “high tree”
  • ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/ORO

Element in

• N. Brethorn “Forest of Brethil” ✧ EtyAC/NEL
• N. Keleborn
• N. Celeborn “Tree of Silver”
• N. Fangorn “Treebeard”
• N. mallorn “gold tree”
• N. Melthinorn “Tree of Gold” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶ÓR-NI > orn	[orni] > [orne] > [orn]	✧ Ety/ÓR-NI
ᴹ✶ÓR-NI > yrn	[ornī] > [orni] > [urni] > [yrni] > [yrn]	✧ Ety/ÓR-NI
ᴹ✶ornē > orn	[ornē] > [orne] > [orn]	✧ SD/302

tond

adjective. tall

tonn

adjective. tall

tonn

adjective. tall

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tunda “tall” ✧ Ety/TUN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶tundā “tall” ✧ Ety/TUN
  • ᴹ√TUN “*tall; mound” ✧ Ety/TUN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶tundā > tond > tonn	[tundā] > [tunda] > [tonda] > [tond] > [tonn]	✧ Ety/TUN

galadh

noun. tree

galadh

noun. tree

Cognates

• ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD; LR/041; PE22/047; SD/302

Derivations

• ᴹ√GALAD “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
• ᴹ✶galadā “tree” ✧ SD/302
  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA

Element in

• N. Bregalad “Quickbeam”
• N. Caras Galadon
• N. Galathir “Tree-lord” ✧ TI/249
• N. Galdaran
• N. Galadhon
• N. Galadhor ✧ Ety/GALAD
• N. Galadlevnar “Week of the Trees”
• N. Galadloriel “Golden Rain” ✧ Ety/GALAD
• N. Galador ✧ Ety/GALAD
• N. Galadriel
• N. Galadhrien “Tree-lady” ✧ TI/249
• N. Galathilion “White Tree of Valinor” ✧ Ety/GALAD (Galathilvion); Ety/GALAD
• N. Argalad “Tree Day”
• N. Argaladath “*Day of the Trees”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶galadā > galað	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ SD/302

Variations

• galað ✧ SD/302
• Galað ✧ TI/249