peler

fenced field

peler noun "fenced field" (Old English tún) (PEL(ES) )

panda

enclosure

panda noun "enclosure" (PAD)

sinta-

fade

sinta- (þ) (2) vb. "fade", pa.t. sintanë (THIN)

vinda-

fade

[vinda- vb. "fade"; pa.t. vindanë given (VT46:21). Compare vinta-.]

vinta-

fade

[vinta- (2) vb. "fade", pa.t. vintë, vintanë given. (WIN/WIND) Compare vinda-.]

hahta

noun. fence

fence, hedge

hesta

wither

hesta vb. "wither" (LT1:255)

yonwa

fence, border, boundary

yonwa noun "fence, border, boundary" (PE17:43)

ephel

noun. outer fence, encircling fence

pêl

noun. *fenced field, [N.] fenced field

A noun appearing as an element is several later names such as Pelargir “Garth of Royal Ships” (RC/535) and Pelennor “Fenced Land” (PE17/65). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. pêl was glossed “fenced field, [Old English] tūn” under the root ᴹ√PEL(ES) (Ety/PEL(ES); EtyAC/PEL(ES)). The Old English word “tūn” means “enclosure” and was the ancestor of modern English “town”. It seems that as a suffix, -bel (mutated pel) could likewise refer to a settlement analogous to English “-ton, -ham”, such as in Calembel “Greenham” (RC/537).

In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road the form was pel (LR/380), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated the actual form was pêl in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/8), in keeping with the principle that short vowels generally lengthened in monosyllables. This word has an unusual plural peli, where the final i was retained because it was originally non-final, preserved before an s > h that was ultimately lost: ancient plural pelesi > pelih(i) > modern plural peli.

Conceptual Development: Similarly derived words in Tolkien’s early iterations of the language include G. pless “fence, hedge” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√PELE “fence in” (GL/64; QL/73) and ᴱN. helai “fence” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s derived from primitive ᴱ✶pelesa (PE13/147).

Derivations

• √PEL “fence, border, edge; bound, limit; go round, encircle, fence, border, edge; bound, limit; go round, encircle; [ᴹ√] revolve on fixed point”

Element in

• S. Calembel “Greenham”
• S. Pelargir “Garth of Royal Ships”
• S. Pelennor “Fenced Land” ✧ PE17/095

Variations

• pel ✧ PE17/095 (pel)

cail

noun. fence or palisade of spikes and sharp stakes

talf

noun. flat field, flat land

cerin

noun. circular enclosure

cerin

noun. mound

iath

noun. fence

iath

noun. fence

Element in

• S. Doriath “Land of the Fence” ✧ SA/iâth; SI/Doriath; UTI/Doriath; WJ/370; WJI/Iathrim
• S. Echoriath “Encircling Mountains, (lit.) Encircling Fence” ✧ SA/echor
• S. Iathrim “*People of the Fence” ✧ WJ/378; WJI/Iathrim

Variations

• iâth ✧ SA/iâth; UTI/Doriath
• Iâth ✧ SI/Doriath; WJ/370; WJI/Iathrim

iâth

noun. fence

iâth

noun. fence

parth

noun. field, enclosed grassland, sward

pel

fade

(i bêl, i phelir) (wither)

pel

wither

pel- (i bêl, i phelir) (fade)

pel

wither

(i bêl, i phelir) (fade)

ephel

fence

(pl. ephil)

pêl

fence, fenced field

(i bêl, construct pel) (enclosure, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380)

pêl

garth

pêl (i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, enclosure), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root __, LR:380)

pêl

garth

(i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, enclosure), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380)

pêl

enclosure

pêl (i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root __, LR:380).

pêl

enclosure

(i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380).

parth

field

1) parth (i barth, o pharth) (sward, enclosed grassland), pl. perth (i pherth), 2) (low, flat field, or wetland) talf (i dalf, o thalf), pl. telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. _(Names:195). Note: a homophone means ”palm”. 3) sant (i hant, o sant) (garden, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)_

parth

field

(i barth, o pharth) (sward, enclosed grassland), pl. perth (i pherth)

sant

field

(i hant, o sant) (garden, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20) 

talf

field

(i dalf, o thalf), pl. telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. (Names:195). Note: a homophone means ”palm”.

rîdh

sown field

(acre);  no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (idh rîdh)

cail

fence

(i gail, o chail) (palisade); no distinct pl. form except with article (i chail).

fir

fade

1) fir- (i fîr, i firir) (die), 2) pel- (i bêl, i phelir) (wither), 3) thinna- (grow toward evening)

fir

fade

(i fîr, i firir) (die)

lest

fence

(girdle, boundary), pl. list

thinna

fade

(grow toward evening)

thangail

shield fence

(shield wall). No distinct pl. form? (UT:281)

cerin

circular enclosure

(i gerin, o cherin) (circular raised mound), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).

iâd

noun. fence

iâth

fence

(noun) 1) iâth (construct iath, pl. iaith) (WJ:370, 378), also ?iâd (construct iad), pl. iaid. 2) lest (girdle, boundary), pl. list, 3) (outer/encircling fence) ephel (pl. ephil), 4) (with spikes and sharp stakes) cail (i gail, o chail) (palisade); no distinct pl. form except with article (i chail).

iâth

fence

(construct iath, pl. iaith) (WJ:370, 378), also ?iâd (construct iad), pl. iaid.

thora

fence

(verb) *thora- (the curious form ”thoro-” occurs in the primary source, LR:393 s.v. THUR). The passive participle thoren ”fenced, guarded, hidden” is cited (pl. thorin).

thora

fence

(the curious form ”thoro-” occurs in the primary source, LR:393 s.v. THUR). The passive participle thoren ”fenced, guarded, hidden” is cited (pl. thorin).

hacta, hatta

noun. fence

fence, hedge

pel

root. fence, border, edge; bound, limit; go round, encircle, fence, border, edge; bound, limit; go round, encircle; [ᴹ√] revolve on fixed point

This root was connected to fences, encirclement and rotation for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as two distinct roots in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s. The first was ᴱ√PELE “fence in” with derivatives like ᴱQ. pelin “fenced in, pent”, ᴱQ. pelto “hedge, hedged field”, and ᴱQ. pelle “town” (QL/73). It had some clear derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. pel “village”, G. pelu- “fence, enclose”, and G. pless “hedge, fence” (GL/64). The second root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s was unglossed ᴱ√PELE with derivatives like ᴱQ. pelko “leg”, ᴱQ. pelte- “run”, and ᴱQ. peltas “pivot” (QL/73), but the “leg” word in the Gnomish Lexicon was unrelated: G. bactha “a leg” (GL/21).

Indeed, in Quenya the “leg” word was also shifted to a new root by The Etymologies of the 1930s: ᴹ√TELEK > ᴹQ. telko “leg” (Ety/TÉLEK). As for the root ᴹ√PEL, it was given the gloss “revolve on fixed point” in The Etymologies and seems to be a blending of 1910s ᴱ√PELE and ᴱ√PELE, with derivatives like ᴹQ. pel- “go round, revolve, return” and ᴹQ. peltas/N. pelthaes “pivot” (Ety/PEL) but also ᴹQ. peler/N. pêl “fenced field” and ᴹQ. opele/N. gobel “walled house or village, town” by way of extended root ᴹ√PEL(ES) (Ety/PEL(ES)).

The root √PEL appeared a number of times in Tolkien’s later writings with glosses like “edge, bound, fence, limit” (PE17/65), “fence, border” (PE17/90) and “go round, encircle” (SA/pel). Tolkien declared that:

> The basic sense should not be “revolve”; but “edge, bound, fence, limit”. Thus [S.] pelennor = fenced land; ephel, Sindarin < eppel < et­pel = “outer wall or fence”; [Q.] peltakse- (peltas) should mean a fence of fixed stakes etc., or a “pale” and fencing stakes; and pelma a border, fringe, edge, limiting device (PE17/65).

Tolkien reassigned the sense “revolve” to the root √KWER. The most notable derivative of the new sense “boundary” for √PEL was Q. pella “beyond”, more literally “beyond the boundary” (PE17/65, 80); this word was likely Tolkien’s motivation for removing the sense “revolve” from √PEL.

Derivatives

• ✶peles “fence, enclosure”
• ✶peles- “to fence round”
• ✶pelo “a bound” ✧ PE17/065
  • Q. pelo “boundary (fence)” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. pel- “to go round, encircle, to go round, encircle; [ᴱQ.] to surround, fence in, pen in; [ᴹQ.] to revolve, return” ✧ SA/pel
• ᴺQ. pelin “fenced in, pent”
• Q. pelma “border, fringe, edge, limiting device, border, fringe, edge, limiting device; [ᴱQ.] pen” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. pelo “boundary (fence)” ✧ PE17/092
• ᴺQ. pelta- “to roll”
• ᴺQ. pepella- “to circulate, orbit”
• ᴺQ. pelë “revolution”
• S. pêl “*fenced field, [N.] fenced field”
• S. Pelennor “Fenced Land” ✧ PE17/065
• ᴺS. pelu- “to fence, enclose”
• ᴺS. pel- “to fence, enclose”

Element in

• ✶et-pel “outer fence” ✧ PE17/065; SA/pel
• ✶peltakse “fence of fixed stakes, a ‘pale’” ✧ PE17/065
• ᴺQ. pelas “along, (lit.) by the boundary of”
• Q. Pelendur “?Servant of the Border”
• Q. pella “beyond (boundary or limit)” ✧ PE17/090
• Q. Pelóri “Mountain Wall, Fencing Heights” ✧ SA/pel
• Q. terpellië “*temptation”
• S. gobel “village, town (enclosure), (walled) village, town (enclosure); [N.] walled house, *manor”
• ᴺS. pela(h) “along, (lit.) by the boundary of”
• S. Pelargir “Garth of Royal Ships” ✧ SA/pel
• S. Pelennor “Fenced Land” ✧ SA/pel

Variations

• PELE ✧ PE17/092; PE17/171
• pel- ✧ SA/pel

tad

root. enclosure

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. tarwa “garden, enclosure”
• ᴺS. tadhos “hawthorn”
• ᴺS. tódhi “paddock”

khes

root. wither

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. hessa “withered, dead”
• ᴺQ. hesta- “to wither”
• ᴺS. hesg “withered, dead; chilled, chill”

pel

noun. fenced field (= Old English tún)

ephel

noun. outer fence, encircling fence

pêl

noun. fenced field

Cognates

• ᴹQ. peler “fenced field, fenced field, [ᴱQ.] fence” ✧ Ety/PEL(ES)

Derivations

• On. pele “fenced field” ✧ Ety/PEL(ES); Ety/PEL(ES)
  • ᴹ√PEL(ES) “revolve on fixed point” ✧ Ety/PEL(ES)

Element in

• N. Pelargir
• N. Pelennor

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. pele > pêl	[pele] > [pel] > [pēl]	✧ Ety/PEL(ES)
On. pelehi > peli	[pelehi] > [pelihi] > [pelih] > [peli]	✧ Ety/PEL(ES)

Variations

• pel ✧ EtyAC/PEL(ES)

cerin

noun. circular enclosure

cerin

noun. mound

rîdh

noun. sown field, acre

thora-

verb. to fence

thinna-

verb. to fade, to grow towards evening

The punctuation in The Etymologies is considered incorrect (the full dot after this word should conceivably be a comma)