Rú

drûg

Rú noun "Drûg", Rúatan pl. Rúatani "Drúedain" (UT:385)

rú

proper name. Wose

Given as the Quenya word for “Wose” (UT/385), most likely an adaptation of its Sindarin cognate S. Drû.

rúmil

masculine name. of Rúmil

The famous Elvish sage of Tirion, creator of the first system of letters, the Sarati (S/63, WJ/396). He was also the author of the Ainulindalë (MR/8) and other scholarly works. The meaning of his name is unclear.

Conceptual Development: This character first appeared in the earliest Lost Tales, where ᴱQ. Rúmil was the door warden of Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva (LT1/46-7), but even at this early stage he was identified as a sage (LT1/65). In Silmarillion drafts and notes from the 1930s, ᴹQ. Rúmil was described as the Elf-sage of Valinor and he wrote the first part of the Annals of Valinor as well as the Ainulindalë (LR/116, 156). He also wrote the linguistic works on which the Lhammas was based (LR/167).

J.R.R. Tolkien never explained the etymology of this name, but Christopher suggested that the earliest forms of this name might have been related to G. rûm “secret, mystery” (LT1A/Rúmil). A similar name Rumel appeared in a list of “ancient compounds” in some linguistic notes from the early 1930s (PE21/33), but without any further indication of its meaning.

Rúmil

rúmil

Rúmil masc. name, genitive Rúmilo (WJ:398)

rúcina

confused, shattered, disordered, ruined

rúcina ("k") adj. (or passive participle?) "confused, shattered, disordered, ruined" in Markirya (the first version of this poem had "red skies", MC:215, changed to "ruined skies" in the final version; see MC:220, note 8)

rúcina

adjective. confused, shattered, disordered, ruined

rum-

verb. to shift, move, heave (of large and heavy things)

The active participle/adjective rúmala >> rúma “moving” appeared in the Markirya poem from the 1960s in the phrase undumë rúma “the abyss moving” (MC/222). In notes associated with this poem, Tolkien gave the verb form as rúma- “shift, move, heave (of large and heavy things)” (MC/223). I am of the opinion that this is actually the present tense form of a basic verb rum- of the same meaning, in keeping with the theory that forms like rúmala are the present active participle “moving [now]”, as opposed to the general aorist active participle rumila; see the discussion of the Quenya active participle for more details.

Conceptual Development: In the version of Oilima Markirya from around 1930, this word was ᴱQ. túma “moving” (MC/214). This may be an adjectival form of the verb tum- or tub- “dive” from Early Qenya Word Lists of the 1920s (PE16/132).

rúatan

proper name. Wose, (lit.) Wose-man

The fuller the Quenya name for “Wose” (UT/385), a compound of the shorter name Rú “Wose” and Atan “Man”, so more literally: “Wose-man”. Most likely it was an adaptation of its Sindarin cognate S. Drúadan.

runya

slot, footprint

runya noun "slot, footprint" (RUN; according to PM:366 runya also means "red flame", but SA:ruin has rúnya for this meaning)

rúcarë

evil-doing

rúcarë noun "evil-doing". Variant of hrúcarë. (PE17:170)

rúcima

terrible

rúcima ("k")adj. "terrible" (WJ:415)

rúma-

shift, move, heave (of large and heavy things)

rúma- vb. "shift, move, heave (of large and heavy things)"; participle rúmala in Markirya; this was changed to rúma, evidently the naked verbal stem used as participle

rúna-

[to] free

rúna- vb. "[to] free" (VT43:23). Compare eterúna-, etrúna-, q.v. It is not quite clear whether rúna by itself is an adjective or a verb; the gloss "free" makes room for both interpretations. If #runando "redeemer" (q.v.) is formed from this noun, it would cover "to redeem" as well.

rúnya

red flame

rúnyanoun "red flame" (SA:ruin; PM:366 gives runya)

rúsë

wrath

rúsë (þ) noun "wrath" (PE17:188)

rúsëa

wrathful

rúsëa (þ) adj. "wrathful" (PE17:188)

rúvina

burst

rúvina adj. (or passive particle) "burst". A verb #ruv- "to burst" may be extrapolated; the root is given as RUVU "burst asunder" (QL:81)

rúnya

noun. red flame

A word for a “red flame” mentioned in the Silmarillion appendix (SA/ruin). It is likely derived from the root √RUN “red, glowing” (PM/366).

ruc-

verb. to feel fear or horror; *to flee (to)

rúcima

adjective. terrible

rúna-

verb. to free

rúsë

noun. wrath

rúsëa

adjective. wrathful

rau

lion

rau (pl. rávi) noun "lion" (LT1:260; the pl. of this "Qenya" form is valid in Tolkien's later Quenya as well, but the sg. he changed to rá, q.v.)

rúcare

noun. evil-doing

hrúcarë

evil-doing

hrúcarë, also rúcarë, noun "evil-doing" (PE17:170)

taru

horn

taru noun "horn" (LT2:337, 347; Tolkien's later Quenya has tarca)

hrúcarë

noun. evil-doing

rúcinon

noun. breccia, (lit.) ruined stone

A neologism for “breccia” coined by Luinyelle in a 2022 Discord discussion of words for stones, a combination of rúcina “ruined” and ondo “stone”.

rúvina

adjective. burst, ruptured

rua

adjective. steady, still, tranquil

romba

horn, trumpet

romba noun "horn, trumpet" (ROM)

róma

noun. horn, [ᴹQ.] loud sound, trumpet-sound, *blare; [Q.] horn

A word glossed “horn” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 in phrases like Q. róma Oroméva “Orome’s horn” (WJ/368), clearly a reference to Q. Valaróma (S/29). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, however, ᴹQ. róma was glossed “loud sound, trumpet-sound” under the root ᴹ√ROM “loud noise, horn blast” (Ety/ROM). In The Etymologies the word for “horn” was ᴹQ. romba, a word that also appeared as Q. romba “horn, trumpet” later in the Quendi and Eldar essay (WJ/400).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would use róma mainly for horn blasts and trumpet sounds. I would only use it for “horn” metaphorically in words like Valaróma, and for the ordinary word for “horn” I would use romba.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. likinne and [lik]inde “blowing of horns”, both elaborations of ᴱQ. likin “(curled) horn” (QL/54).

róma

loud sound, trumpet-sound

róma (2) noun "loud sound, trumpet-sound" (ROM). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, róma was also the name of tengwa #30, which letter Tolkien would later call silmë nuquerna instead.

-o

of goodness

-o (1) genitive ending, as in Altariello, Oromëo, Elenna-nórëo, Rithil-Anamo, Rúmilo, Lestanórëo, neldëo, omentielvo, sindiëo, Valinórëo, veryanwesto, q.v. In words ending in -a, the genitive ending replaces this final vowel, hence atto, Ráno, Vardo, vorondo as the genitive forms of atta, Rána, Varda, voronda (q.v.) Following a noun in -ië, the ending can have the longer form -no, e.g. *máriéno "of goodness" (PE17:59, but contrast sindiëo "of greyness" in PE17:72). Where the word ends in -o already, the genitive is not distinct in form, e.g. ciryamo (q.v.) = "mariner" or "mariners". Pl. -ion and -ron, q.v.; dual -to (but possibly -uo in the case of nouns that have nominative dual forms in -u rather than -t). The Quenya genitive describes source, origin or former ownership rather than current ownership (which is rather covered by the possessive-adjectival case in -va). The ending -o may also take on an ablativic sense, "from", as in Oiolossëo "from (Mount) Oiolossë" (Nam), sio "hence" (VT49:18). In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the genitive ending was -n rather than -o, cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren "Annals of Valinor" becoming Yénië Valinórëo (MR:200).

rá

noun. lion

An archaic word for “lion” mentioned in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, versus more common Q. rauro (PE19/99, 104).

Conceptual Development: This word has a lengthy history in Tolkien’s conception of Elvish, dating all the way back to ᴱQ. rau “lion” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAVA (QL/79). In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, Tolkien had rú “lion” (PE21/40). It appeared in The Etymologies from later in the 1930s as ᴹQ. rá “lion” derived from primitive ᴹ✶rāu [rāw] under the root ᴹ√RAW, with plural form rávi (Ety/RAW).

In the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s Tolkien had (unglossed) rāva < rāwa (PE19/62), but in Notes for Qenya Declensions from this same period Tolkien had (unglossed) rāu < rắwă (PE21/69). The last clear mention in currently published materials is in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, as discussed above.

róma

horn

róma (1) noun "horn" (WJ:368 - this refers to a "horn" as an instrument rather than as part of an animal; see rassë, tarca_)._Loose compound Oromë róma "an Oromë horn", sc. "one of Orome's horns (if he had more than one)" (WJ:368).

rómen

east

rómen, Rómen noun "east" (RŌ, MEN, SA:men), "uprising, sunrise, east" (SA:rómen); also name of tengwa #25 (Appendix E). Possessive form rómenwa (PE17:59).Variant hrómen, PE17:18. Rómenna, a place in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative "eastward" (SA:rómen), cf. also rómenna in LR:47, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "[to one] from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those from the East" in his rendering of Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67, PE17:59; Romello with a short o in VT49:32). Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" (Appendix A; cf. Letters:425). Masc. name Rómestámo, Róme(n)star "East-helper" (PM:384, 391; probably ?Rómenstar must always become Rómestar, but Tolkien cited the form as Róme(n)star to indicate the connection with rómen "east")

orco

noun. Orc

This word was adapted from its Sindarin cognate orch, since the Noldor did not encounter orcs until they returned to Middle-earth (WJ/390). There are two attested plurals for this word, orqui and orcor. One possible scenario is that the word was at first treated as a u-stem noun by analogy with urco (urcu-), but later as the two words were disassociated, the declension of orco was regularized and treated as an ordinary vocalic noun.

This is the theory followed here, so that orcor is considered the regular plural and orqui archaic, probably active only in the First Age. If you use the orqui plural, you should also treat this as a u-stem noun (orcu-). @@@

ñulma

noun. mystery

@@@ Discord 2023-01-11

Ambalar

east

Ambalar noun "East" (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

Rómë

east

Rómë noun "east", variant of Rómen (PE17:59). Possessive romeva (read rómeva?), genitive rómeö (Ibid.)

coloitie

noun. endurance, staunchness, fortitude

farnë

dwelling

#farnë (2) noun "dwelling", in orofarnë (as translated in Letters:224, but in other notes of Tolkiens the word was interpreted "any growing thing or plant", PE17:83)

hlón

sound

hlón noun "sound", "a noise" (VT48:29). Also hlóna. The stem of hlón is apparently hlon- if hloni "sounds" in WJ:394 is its plural form.

hró-

prefix. east

hróme(n)

noun. east

hrómen

east

hrómen noun "east", variant of the more common Rómen, q.v. (PE17:18)

lamma

sound

lamma noun "sound" (LAM)

lomba

secret

lomba adj.or noun "secret" (LT1:255)

lumba

weary

lumba (1) adj. "weary" (VT45:29)

láma

noun. sound, sound; [ᴹQ.] ringing sound, echo

láma#

noun. sound

sound

marda

dwelling

marda noun "dwelling" (PE17:107)

nulda

secret

nulda adj. "secret" (DUL)

náva

adjective. hollow

raiqua

adjective. angry

rama-

to shout

rama- vb. "to shout" (LT1:259)

rassë

horn

rassë, also rasco, noun "horn" (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) (RAS/VT46:10, PM:69)

rassë

noun. horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. rasse “horn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√RAS “stick up” along with a variant form rasko (Ety/RAS). In that document Tolkien said it was used “especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains”. The word rasse “horn” reappeared on a (rejected) page of verb forms from 1948 (PE22/127 note #152), and again in notes from the 1950s or 60s discussing the mountain name S. Caradhras (PE17/36).

rato

soon

rato adv. "soon" (Arct)

rauro

noun. lion

lion

rauro

noun. lion

The common Quenya word for “lion” (more literally “roarer”) appearing in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, as opposed to archaic Q. †rá (PE19/99, 104); see that entry for further discussion of its conceptual development.

ron(go)

adverb. soon

ron (rongo)

adverb. soon

ronta

hollow

ronta adj.? noun? "hollow" (also rotwa) (LT2:347. In Tolkien's later Quenya, the preferred words for "hollow" are unqua adj. and unquë noun.)

rotwa

hollow

rotwa adj.? noun? "hollow" (also ronta) (LT2:347. In Tolkien's later Quenya, the preferred words for "hollow" are unqua adj. and unquë noun.)

rá

lion

rá (2) noun "lion", stem #ráv- as in the pl. rávi (RAW). Compare rau.

rá†

noun. lion

lion

róme

noun. east

róna

east

róna adj.? "east" (RŌ). Compare hróna.

róna

adjective. east

saucarya

evil-doing

saucarya adj. "evil-doing" (PE17:68). Cf. saucarë.

saucarya

adjective. evil-doing

tarca

horn

tarca ("k")noun "horn" (TARÁK)

tulunca

steady, firm

tulunca ("k") adj. "steady, firm" (LT1:270; in Tolkien's later Quenya tulca)

unqua

hollow

unqua ("q")adj. "hollow" (UNUK)

voronwië

endurance, lasting quality

voronwië noun "endurance, lasting quality" (BOR)

voronwë

steadfastness, loyalty, faithfulness

voronwë noun "steadfastness, loyalty, faithfulness" (CO), also as masc. name Voronwë "the Faithful" (PM:340, BORÓN, LT1:250)

hollë

noun. shout

restë

noun. endurance

A neologism coined by Vyacheslav Stepanov posted on 2024-03-01 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), cognate to S. ✱reth of similar meaning.