si

adverb. now

hin

adverb. now

sen

adjective. this

This demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. We have suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69

sen

pronoun. this

pl1. sín {ī}_ dem. pron. _this.

sen

pronoun. this

Changes

• sĭn → sen ✧ PE17/044
• th[en] → hen ✧ VT50/18

Derivations

• ✶sĭnā “this” ✧ PE17/044; VT49/34

Element in

• S. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thiw hin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/044
• S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/14; VT50/18; VT50/18

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶sĭna > sen	[sinā] > [sina] > [sena] > [sen]	✧ PE17/044

Variations

• sĭn ✧ PE17/044 (sĭn)
• then ✧ VT50/14
• th[en] ✧ VT50/18 (th[en])

sí

adverb. here

sí

adverb. here

adv. here. Q. Sí now, here (usually 'now').

sî

adverb. here

sîr

adverb. now

sí(r)

adverb. now

hi

adverb. now

_ adv. _now. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! 'Elvish gate open now for us'.

othgarn

noun. misdeed, misdeed, *sin

rhugar

noun. evil deed, evil deed, *sin

Cognates

• Q. hrúcarë “evil-doing” ✧ PE17/170

Element in

• ᴺS. rhugaron “sinner”

Elements

Word	Gloss
rhu-	“evil-”
car-	“to do, make”

hen

pronoun. this

pl1. hin _ dem. pron. _this.

hí

adverb. now

Changes

• hî → thî ✧ PE17/027

Cognates

• Q. sí “now” ✧ PE17/027; PE17/045; PE17/127; PE22/147

Derivations

• ✶khĭn- “*here, now” ✧ VT49/34

Element in

• S. annon edhellen, edro hi ammen “Elvish gate open now for us” ✧ LotR/0307; PE17/045
• S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/15; VT50/15; VT50/15
• S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/22

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶khĭn- > hî	[kʰin] > [xin] > [xi] > [hi] > [hī]	✧ VT49/34

Variations

• hi ✧ LotR/0307; PE17/045
• thî ✧ PE17/027
• hî ✧ PE17/027; PE17/027 (hî); PE17/127; VT49/34
• hin ✧ PE17/127
• sîr ✧ PE22/147
• Sí ✧ VT50/22

hî

now

_adv. _now. Q. sí. thî/hî << hî. >> thî****

thî

now

_adv. _now. Q. sí. thî/hî << hî. >> hî****

thî

adverb. now

úgarth

noun. bad deed, sin, trespass

othgarn

noun. a misdeed

_ n. _a misdeed. Q. uskare, uxare. >> dewin, dýl, dýr

o(g)gar

noun. evil deed

n. evil deed. rhugar << o(g)gar. >> ogol, ogron, rhugar. This gloss was rejected.

rhugar

noun. evil deed

_ n. _evil deed. Q. rhúcare/rúcare evil-doing. rhugar << o(g)gar. >> rhugarol

sin

these

*sin (only attested in lenited form in the Moria Gate inscription: i thiw hin ”these letters”). See THIS.

sin

pronoun. these

Derivations

• √SI “this, this, [ᴹ√] here, now”

sin

these

(only attested in lenited form in the Moria Gate inscription: i thiw hin ”these letters”). See

úgarth

sin

*úgarth (ill deed), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)

úgarth

sin

(ill deed), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)

si

now

si (lenited hi)

si

now

(lenited hi)

sen

this

*sen, lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin* (unlenited sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin**, ”these letters”).

sen

this

lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin (unlenited ✱sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin, ”these letters”).

sí

here

sí

sí

here

hîn

they

(of women) hîn. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.

hîn

they

. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.

thint

noun. tin (metal)

Cognates

• ᴺQ. sin “tin (metal)”

Derivations

• √THIN “*grey”

se

pronoun. this

Derivations

• √SI “this, this, [ᴹ√] here, now”

ladog

noun. tin (metal)

Cognates

• ᴺQ. latúcen “tin (metal)”