si

adverb. now

sin

these

*sin (only attested in lenited form in the Moria Gate inscription: i thiw hin ”these letters”). See THIS.

sin

pronoun. these

Derivations

• √SI “this, this, [ᴹ√] here, now”

sin

these

(only attested in lenited form in the Moria Gate inscription: i thiw hin ”these letters”). See

si

now

si (lenited hi)

si

now

(lenited hi)

rhugar

noun. evil deed, evil deed, *sin

Cognates

• Q. hrúcarë “evil-doing” ✧ PE17/170

Element in

• ᴺS. rhugaron “sinner”

Elements

Word	Gloss
rhu-	“evil-”
car-	“to do, make”

othgarn

noun. misdeed, misdeed, *sin

úgarth

noun. bad deed, sin, trespass

úgarth

sin

*úgarth (ill deed), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)

úgarth

sin

(ill deed), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)

sen

this

*sen, lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin* (unlenited sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin**, ”these letters”).

sen

this

lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin (unlenited ✱sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin, ”these letters”).

sen

pronoun. this

Changes

• sĭn → sen ✧ PE17/044
• th[en] → hen ✧ VT50/18

Derivations

• ✶sĭnā “this” ✧ PE17/044; VT49/34

Element in

• S. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thiw hin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/044
• S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/14; VT50/18; VT50/18

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶sĭna > sen	[sinā] > [sina] > [sena] > [sen]	✧ PE17/044

Variations

• sĭn ✧ PE17/044 (sĭn)
• then ✧ VT50/14
• th[en] ✧ VT50/18 (th[en])

hîn

they

(of women) hîn. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.

hîn

they

. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.

thint

noun. tin (metal)

Cognates

• ᴺQ. sin “tin (metal)”

Derivations

• √THIN “*grey”

hen

pronoun. this

pl1. hin _ dem. pron. _this.

hi

adverb. now

_ adv. _now. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! 'Elvish gate open now for us'.

hî

now

_adv. _now. Q. sí. thî/hî << hî. >> thî****

o(g)gar

noun. evil deed

n. evil deed. rhugar << o(g)gar. >> ogol, ogron, rhugar. This gloss was rejected.

othgarn

noun. a misdeed

_ n. _a misdeed. Q. uskare, uxare. >> dewin, dýl, dýr

rhugar

noun. evil deed

_ n. _evil deed. Q. rhúcare/rúcare evil-doing. rhugar << o(g)gar. >> rhugarol

sen

pronoun. this

pl1. sín {ī}_ dem. pron. _this.

sí

adverb. here

adv. here. Q. Sí now, here (usually 'now').

thî

now

_adv. _now. Q. sí. thî/hî << hî. >> hî****

hin

adverb. now

hí

adverb. now

Changes

• hî → thî ✧ PE17/027

Cognates

• Q. sí “now” ✧ PE17/027; PE17/045; PE17/127; PE22/147

Derivations

• ✶khĭn- “*here, now” ✧ VT49/34

Element in

• S. annon edhellen, edro hi ammen “Elvish gate open now for us” ✧ LotR/0307; PE17/045
• S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/15; VT50/15; VT50/15
• S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/22

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶khĭn- > hî	[kʰin] > [xin] > [xi] > [hi] > [hī]	✧ VT49/34

Variations

• hi ✧ LotR/0307; PE17/045
• thî ✧ PE17/027
• hî ✧ PE17/027; PE17/027 (hî); PE17/127; VT49/34
• hin ✧ PE17/127
• sîr ✧ PE22/147
• Sí ✧ VT50/22

sen

adjective. this

This demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. We have suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69

sí

adverb. here

sí(r)

adverb. now

sî

adverb. here

sîr

adverb. now

thî

adverb. now

ladog

noun. tin (metal)

Cognates

• ᴺQ. latúcen “tin (metal)”

se

pronoun. this

Derivations

• √SI “this, this, [ᴹ√] here, now”

sí

here

sí

sí

here