umu

root. not, expressing privation, not, expressing privation; [ᴹ√] negative stems

The roots √UMU and variant √UGU were often assigned a negative sense, either as elaborations on the base root negative √Ū or sometimes (especially in the case of √UGU) serving as its source. The earliest iteration of these more elaborate negative roots was ᴱ√UMU or ᴱ√UVU in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like the negative verb ᴱQ. um- or ᴱQ. uv- as well as ᴱQ. ūvanimo “monster” (QL/98). ᴱQ. munta “nothing” from the Qenya Grammar of the 1920s was probably related (PE14/48, 81).

The Etymologies of the 1930s had negative stems ᴹ√UMU and ᴹ√UGU with derivatives like the negative verb ᴹQ. um- as well as ᴹQ. úmea “evil” (Ety/UGU; UMU). This document also had inverted forms ᴹ√MŪ and ᴹ√GŪ, the latter the basis for the negative prefix ᴹQ. ú- with a bad or evil connotation (Ety/GŪ; MŪ). Finally both √UMU and √UGU were mentioned a number of times in later writings in connection to negation (PE17/143, 172; VT49/29). See the entry on negative √Ū and the entry on Quenya negation for further information.

olob

root. branch

A root mentioned in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from the late 1960s serving as the basis for Q. olba of the same meaning (PM/341). Q. olvar “growing things with roots in the earth” from The Silmarillion was probably related (S/45, 345). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, “branch” words were derived from unglossed ᴹ√GOLOB: ᴹQ. olwa and N. golf “branch” (Ety/GÓLOB).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume √GOLOB is a Sindarin-only variant of √OLOB, perhaps influenced by √GAL “grow”. This would allow us to retain golf = “branch”, though the one name where it appeared, N. Gurtholf “Wand of Death” (Ety/ÑGUR; LR/147), became S. Gurthang “Iron of Death” in later versions of The Silmarillion (S/210).

gor-

prefix. owing to approach of GUR to other stems Sindarin tended to use gor- in a very strong sense of things very painful and horrible to do

_ pref. _owing to approach of GUR to other stems (as ÑGUR 'death', ÑGOR 'terror, dread') Sindarin tended to use gor- in a very strong sense of things very painful and horrible to do. It used dír- 'tough' for lesser efforts. Q. uru-. >> dirbedui, gorbedui, gornod

telch

stem

telch (i delch, o thelch), pl. tilch (i thilch)

telch

stem

(i delch, o thelch), pl. tilch (i thilch)

galenathrod

noun. (smoking) pipe

olf

branch

olf (wand), pl. ylf, coll. pl. olvath

olf

branch

(wand), pl. ylf, coll. pl. olvath

polch

noun. trunk, torso

rod

noun. tube, stem, *pipe

telch

noun. stem

telch

noun. stem

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “stem” under the root ᴹ√TELEK “stalk, stem, leg” (Ety/TÉLEK). Its Quenya cognate Q. telco “stem, leg” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings (PE17/122; LotR/1118).

Neo-Sindarin: Conceivably this word might also mean “leg” like its Quenya cognate. Such a thing is indicated by the name Telchandir, the Sindarin/Noldorin equivalent of Q. Telcontar “Strider” (AotM/62). However, I recommend using this word only for its attested gloss “stem” and suggest ᴺS. teleg for “leg”; see that entry for details.

golf

noun. branch

golf

noun. branch

A noun for “branch” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ᴹ✶golbā under the root ᴹ√GOLOB (Ety/GÓLOB). It was an element in the name N. Gurutholf “Wand of Death” (Ety/ÑGUR).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. olf or olfin(g) “branch, wand, stick” (GL/62), an element in the earlier name G. Gurtholfin “Wand of Death” (GL/41; LT2/83). The Gnomish Lexicon originally had two words: olf “branch” and olfin “wand”, but these were deleted and merged into one word with two variants (GL/41). See ᴱN. alt for other “branch” words from the 1910s and 20s.

In Tolkien’s later writings, N. Gur(u)tholf became S. Gurthang “Iron of Death” (S/210; WJ/83). However, there was a word Q. olba “branch” in notes from 1968, derived from √OLOB (PM/341).

Neo-Sindarin: The 1968 Quenya word might mean Noldorin golf should be updated to [ᴺS.] ✱olf, but I prefer to assume there was a variant root √(G)OLOB which would allow us to retain golf “branch” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

telco

stem

telco noun "stem" of a Tengwa symbol (Appendix E). The Etymologies gives telco ("k") pl. telqui ("q") "leg" (the pl. form is said to be analogical) (TÉLEK). It seems, then, that the word can refer to a "stem" or "leg" in general as well as the stem of a Tengwa. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, telco is used to refer to a carrier symbol (VT46:18, 33)

sirpë

stem, stalk

sirpë noun "stem, stalk" (QL:84)

telco

noun. leg; stem

The most common Quenya word for “leg” (PE17/122), also used of the “stem” of a tengwar symbol (LotR/1118) and probably the stem of plants as well. Based on the verb telconta-, its noun stem is telco- and hence it is probably derived from primitive ✱telekō, an elaboration of the root ᴹ√TELEK (Ety/TÉLEK). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it had an “analogical plural” telqui; such plurals generally appear with noun stems ending in cu- such as urqui plural of urco (urcu-). However, since the plural of telco was “analogical” it is clear that Tolkien intended its plural to be borrowed from other similar nouns rather than being the result of its historical phonological development. Whether this was true only for the plural or for other nouns cases as well is unclear.

Conceptual Development: The earliest iteration of this word was ᴱQ. pelko (pelko-) “leg” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PELE that was also the basis for “pivot” words (QL/73). This word reappeared in the Early Qenya Grammar and English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s, with plural form pelqi, perhaps adapted from its (Early Qenya) dual which was also pelqi (PE14/76; PE15/74). However, noun declensions from the late 1920s had ᴱQ. telko with the gloss “stem” (PE16/112-113).

This late 1920s ᴱQ. telko “stem” may initially have been a distinct word, since ᴹQ. pelko “leg” appeared in declensions from the early 1930s (PE21/48-49), but in a slightly later declension telko was glossed “leg” (PE21/53), and in the Declension of Nouns, telko was glossed “stem, leg” as an example of -u̯ǝ nouns (PE21/12). ᴹQ. telko was “leg” in The Etymologies written around the 1937, and Tolkien seems to have stuck with it thereafter (Ety/TÉLEK). Furthermore, in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s and 40s, telko was glossed “stem” as both the stem of a tengwar symbol and the name of vowel carriers: (short) telko ` and (long) anda-telko ~ (PE22/20, 22, 51).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I assume that telco “leg; stem” has aligned with the noun class of [ᴹQ.] ranco (rancu-) “arm” for all noun cases.

olba

branch

olba noun "branch" (PM:340; the form *olva may be more frequent; olba can only occur in the Quenya variant that uses lb for lv_. The Etymologies, stem GÓLOB, has _olwa. See also olvar.)

olba

noun. branch

A noun for “branch” in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 derived from primitive √OLOB (PM/341). It may be a variant of olva “plant”, since lv was sometimes pronounced lb (LotR/1121; PE17/129).

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had ᴹQ. olwa “branch” derived from primitive ᴹ✶golbā under the root ᴹ√GOLOB (Ety/GÓLOB). The lw in this word seems to be a remnant of Early Qenya phonetic developments, where sometimes *lb* became *lw*, the best example being early ᴱQ. elwen vs. Elben “heart” (QL/35; LT2/202). There was a similar word ᴱQ. olwe(n) that was cognate to G. olf(in) “branch, wand, stick” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/62), possibly also an example of lb > lw.

olwa

branch

olwa noun "branch" (GÓLOB). Read perhaps *olva in LotR-style Quenya (since the root indicates that lw originates from lb, which in Tolkiens later scheme would rather yield lv, reverting to lb in some forms of late pronunciation; the form olba is attested in PM:340).

olwen

branch, wand, stick

olwen (olwenn-) noun "branch, wand, stick" (LT2:342)

aucelië

noun. sewer, (lit.) away-flowing

A neologism for “sewer” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), an abstract noun formation based on au- “away” and √KEL “flow”, so more literally “an away-flowing”.

pulco

noun. trunk, bole of tree, *torso, body

rotsë

noun. pipe, tube

sirpë

noun. stalk, slender tube, stem

tuista

noun. twig, shoot, sprout, spray