@@@ Discord 2022-06-14; cf. consonant-final √IL > ✱ilyā; Short/unstressed variant ú (+ nom.) also possible, cf. si loa “this year” (PE22:168), distinguished from abessive/privative ú ( + gen.) “without.”
Quenya
ui
no
ui
interjection. no, it is n[ot]
ui-
verb. to not be, to not do
ui(y)a
no, not any, not (a); none
yuitë
adjective. dual
yu-
prefix. both, both, [ᴱQ.] twice
A prefix for “both” derived from the root √YU of similar meaning (VT48/10; EtyAC/YŪ; PE23/101). It appeared as both yu- and yú-. The short-vowel form seems to be used when it precedes a consonant cluster (yunquë) or a heavy syllable (yucainen), while the long-vowel form is used before a light syllable (yúcale).
In the Early Qenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s, ᴱQ. yú was glossed “twice” (PE14/51, 84), because in that document ᴱQ. yúyo was “two” (PE14/50, 82) instead of “both” as it was later. I think as the prefix yu- might still be used for “twice” in Tolkien’s later writings based on words like yunquë “twelve” = “✱twice six” or yucainen “twenty” = “✱twice ten”.
Conceptual Development: There is a prefix ᴱQ. ui- appearing in the Qenya Lexicon as an element in ᴱQ. uiven “twenty” (QL/33) that might be a precursor to yu-. This element is also mentioned in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon along with a variant uivi, but there it was deleted (GL/74).
-ya
suffix. adjective suffix
atta
cardinal. two
atta (1) cardinal "two" (AT(AT), Letters:427, VT42:26, 27, VT48:6, 19). Elen atta "two stars" (VT49:44); notice how a noun is indeclinable before this numeral, and any case endings are "singular" and added to the numeral rather than the noun, e.g. genitive elen atto "of two stars" (VT49:45). Attalyar "Bipeds" (sg. *Attalya) = Petty-dwarves (from Sindarin Tad-dail) (WJ:389). A word atta_ "again" was struck out; see the entry _TAT in Etym and cf. ata in this list.
atta
cardinal. two
This is the usual Quenya counting number for “two”, derived from √ATATA (VT42/27; VT48/19), which in turn is based on √AT “bi-, double, again (a second time)” (PE17/148, 166). It may be contrasted with yúyo “both” referring to both elements of a pair.
Conceptual Development: There was no word for “two” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s. In the Early Qenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s, ᴱQ. yúyo meant “two” and ᴱQ. {satta >>} satto meant “both” (PE14/49, 82). By The Etymologies of the 1930s, these meanings were reversed with ᴹQ. atta “two” appearing under ᴹ√ATTA and ᴹQ. yúyo “both” appearing under ᴹ√YŪ (Ety/ATTA, YŪ).
ia
ever
[ia adv. "ever" (GEY, EY); replaced by oia.]
il-
verb. no, *un-
il- (prefix) "no, *un-" (LA); cf. ilfirin "immortal" (vs. firin "dead"). This prefix "denotes the opposite, the reversal, i.e. more than the mere negation" (VT42:32). But il- can also mean "all, every"; see ilaurëa, ilqua, ilquen.
illumë
always
illumë adv. "always" (VT44:9)
la
no, not
la negation "no, not" (see lá); also prefix la- as in lacarë, q.v. (VT45:25)
lá
no, not
lá (1) adv. "no, not" (LA, VT45:25) According to VT42:33, lá is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, lá had the opposite meaning "yes" (VT42:32-33), but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually lá is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb "when [another] verb is not expressed" (VT49:13), apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English "I do not" (i.e. "I do not do whatever the context indicates"). With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë "I do not, am not" (etc.) (Tolkien abandoned the form lamin.) Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa lanyë hé *"I love him but I do not [love] him" (another person) (VT49:15). Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva.
oi
ever
oi adv. "ever" (OY)
oia
everlasting
oia adj. "everlasting" (OY); according to VT46:8 the word is both adjective and adverb. An explicitly adverbial form oiavë is mentioned elsewhere (PE17:74)
satto
cardinal. two
satto, "Qenya" numeral "two" (in Tolkiens later Quenya atta) (VT49:54)
ua-
verb. to not be, to not do
vaia
envelope
vaia < waia (also vaiya < waiya) noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY). Cf. váya.
vaiya
envelope
vaiya < waiya (also vaia, waia) noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY, capitalized Vaiya under GEY; the latter entry was struck out). In a "Qenya" text in MC:214, vaiya is simply translated "sky". In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, vaiya (/ waiya) was also the name of a tengwa letter that does not appear in Tolkien's later table, but which was apparently intended to have the value w > v, like the letter wilya > vilya in the later, canonical system (VT46:21). According to Arden R. Smith, the form of the pre-classical letter is a variant of #21, which letter Tolkien would later call vala (VT46:32).
vor
ever
vor, voro adv. "ever" (BOR, LT1:250, 273 [only voro_ in the Etymologies]; also in Narqelion)_
vora
always
vora, vorë adv. "always"; see voro
voro
ever, continually
voro, voro- adv. "ever, continually" (BOR, Narqelion) Compare vor. (Focusing on the gloss "continually", post-Tolkien writers have sometimes used voro for "still, yet", but for this sense the term en is available.) The variants vora, vorë were used for "always" in drafts for a Quenya version of the Sub Tuum Praesidium, but Tolkien eventually replaced such forms with the unrelated word illumë (VT44:9). Compare vórë, vórëa.
waia
envelope
waia > vaia noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY) (also vaiya, waiya)
waiya
envelope
waiya > vaiya (also vaia, waia) noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY)
yu-
verb. twi-
yu- or yú- prefix "twi-" or "both" (VT45:13, VT46:23, VT48:20; see yualë, yúcalë, yurasta below). According to PE14:84, yú can function independently as the adverb "twice".
yúyo
both
yúyo noun? adv.? "both" (YŪ, VT48:10). Used adjectivally in yúyo má "both hands"; notice that the noun following yúyo receives no plural or dual marker.
yúyo
adjective. both
This is the Quenya word for “both” (VT49/10) derived from √YU of the same meaning (PE17/70). It is likely it can be used as either an adjective or a pronoun: antanes nin yúyo parma “he/she gave me both books” vs. antanes nin yúyo “he/she gave me both”. Yúyo may be contrasted with atta which is the counting word for “two”.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. aqi “a brace, a couple of, both” as an indeclinable adjective under the early root ᴱ√ATA used for duals (QL/33). In the Early Qenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s, ᴱQ. {satta >>} satto meant “both” and ᴱQ. yúyo meant “two” (PE14/82). By The Etymologies of the 1930s, these meanings were reversed with ᴹQ. atta “two” appearing under ᴹ√ATTA and ᴹQ. yúyo “both” appearing under ᴹ√YŪ (Ety/ATTA, YŪ).
úlumë
ever
úlumë adv. "ever", at all times (in a series or period) (PE17:156). Cf. ullumë.
lana
no, not any, not (a); none
@@@ Discord 2022-06-14; PE ✱lănā cf. √SI > ✱sĭnā, √TA > ✱tănā; Short/unstressed variants la, lá also possible, cf. si loa “this year” (PE22:168)
ui interjection "no" (originally an endingless negative verb in the 3rd person aorist: "it is not [so]"; see #u-). Apparently this is the word for "no" used to deny that something is true (compare vá, which is rather used to reject orders, or to issue negative orders). (VT49:28) Compare uito.