ya

root. demonstrative pointing back

ya

root. *and

yai-ka

noun. yai-ka

yatt-

noun. yatt-

yaya

root. *steel, possession

A root implied by the primitive form {ᴱ✶ı̯aksĕ >>} ᴱ✶ı̯aisa in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s that was the basis for derivatives like G. gais/ᴱQ. yaisa “steel” and similar words (GL/37); in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon, the word was ᴱQ. Y̯akse “steel”, consistent with the deleted form in GL (QL/105). In the Early Qenya Grammar and English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s, the Qenya word was ᴱQ. akse “steel” (PE14/48, 81; PE15/77). I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root √GAK “steel” to salvage these early words.

yaða

root. *gloom

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with Gnomish form gadh- and derivatives ᴱQ. yanda “dark, gloomy” and ᴱQ. yara “a gloom, blight, lowering darkness” (QL/105). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon Tolkien gave the primitive form ᴱ✶ı̯ādh (GL/37). This root was the basis for the 1910s names ᴱQ. Aryan/G. Garioth/ᴱIlk. Aryador “Land of Shadow”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, the last of these became Ilk. Ariador “Land Outside [Doriath]” (Ety/ELED, GAT(H)), before the name was abandoned entirely.

yama

root. *call, shout

yapa

root. snarl, snap, bark ill-temperedly

dya

root. demonstrative pointing back

yḷtḷ

root. *join

The unglossed root ᴱ√YḶTḶ appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a variation of ᴱ√ẎATA “join”, possibly via L infix, having a single derivative ᴱQ. yalta “yoke” (QL/106). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, the words G. galt “yoke” and G. ilt- “to yoke, join” are almost certainly related (GL/37, 50). In the 1930s, the words ᴹQ. yanta/N. iant were used for “yoke” as derivatives of ᴹ√YAT (Ety/YAT), but later still Q. yanta/S. iant where used for “bridge” (LotR/1123; SD/129). Thus, I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√YALTA to serve as the basis for “yoke” words.

ẏaka

root. a head of cattle

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱ√Ẏak “a head of cattle”, with derivatives ᴱQ. yak(k)o “ox” and ᴱQ. yaksi “cow” (QL/105). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon it had derivatives G. gach “a milch cow” and G. gagron “a yoke ox, bullock” (GL/38). I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√GYAK “cattle” to salvage these early words.

ẏala

root. ring, sound hollow

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “ring, sound hollow” with derivatives ᴱQ. yalka “ice” and ᴱQ. yalle “a hollow ring” (QL/105). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

ẏava

root. *fruit

dı̯ag-

verb. sacrifice

yn̄t

adjective. large

yḹta

noun. yoke

ẏata

root. join

(d)ye

root. demonstrative pointing back

lōtetarwa

noun. garden

ske-ndá

noun. eye

swandǝ

noun. dog

vī

root. as

þχe-ndǝ

noun. eye