Quenya 

ar

day

ar (2) noun "day" (PE17:148), apparently short for árë, occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant (VT45:27). Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë (or ), q.v.

yén

long year

yén noun, Elvish "long year" of 144 solar years, 52,596 days (Nam, Appendix D, E; RGEO:66. Tolkien earlier defined yén_ as 100 solar years; see PM:126. In the Etymologies, stem YEN, it seems to mean simply "year", but in the LotR Appendices the word for "year" instead appears as _loa or coranar, q.v.) Yénonótië "reckoning of years" (MR:51). Pl. yéni in Nam and Etym, entry YEN though the plural form is misread as "yen-" in the printed version of the Etymologies, cf. VT46:23. Yéni pa yéni "years upon years" (VT44:36). Pl. genitive yénion in yénion yéni "ages of ages" (VT44:36)

olea

adjective. growing, living (of plants etc)

Quenya [PE 22:111] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

yén

noun. Elvish long year (144 solar years)

Cognates

  • S. în “year”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YEN “year”

Element in

Variations

  • Yén ✧ MR/057 (Yén)
  • yên ✧ NM/006; NM/010
  • yēn ✧ PE17/062; PE17/119
Quenya [LotR/0377; LotR/1107; LotR/1115; MR/057; MR/471; NM/006; NM/010; NM/084; NM/085; PE17/062; PE17/119; PM/126; RGEO/58; VT44/36] Group: Eldamo. Published by

árë

day

árë noun "day" (PM:127) or "sunlight" (SA:arien). Stem ári- _(PE17:126, where the word is further defined as "warmth, especially of the sun, sunlight"). Also name of tengwa #31; cf. also ar # 2. Originally pronounced ázë; when /z/ merged with /r/, the letter became superfluous and was given the new value ss, hence it was re-named essë (Appendix E)_. Also árë nuquerna *"árë reversed", name of tengwa #32, similar to normal árë but turned upside down (Appendix E). See also ilyázëa, ilyárëa under ilya. In the Etymologies, this word has a short initial vowel: arë pl. ari (AR1)

Ae

day

Ae (Quenya?) noun "day" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK - ae was written over ar [# 2] in the names of the Valinorean week, but ar was not struck out.)

ala

day

[ala (7) noun "day", also alan "daytime". The forms allen, alanen listed after these words could be inflected forms of them, genitive "of daytime", constracted (allen = al'nen) and uncontracted. However, Tolkien struck out all of this (VT45:13).]

loa

growth

loa, noun literally "growth", used of a solar year (= coranar) when seasonal changes are considered (Appendix D; in PM:126 loa is translated "time of growth". Pl. loar, or "löar", in MR:426) The form loa is also mentioned as the hypothetical Quenya cognate of Sindarin ("swampy"), but precisely because it clashed with loa "year", this Quenya cognate was not in use (VT42:10)

day

noun "day" (of the sun), a full 24-hour cycle (Appendix D) composed of aurë (day, daylight) and lómë "night" (VT49:45). Short - in compounds like Ringarë (q.v.). Allative rénna (VT49:45).

olmië

noun. growth

Derivations

  • OLgrow, [ᴹ√] grow [into]; become”
Quenya [NM/084; NM/119] Group: Eldamo. Published by

olasta

noun. growth

Elements

WordGloss
ola-“to grow [up], to grow, grow up, reach its prime, become”
-sta“verbal noun suffix”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

Sindarin 

idhrinn

noun. year

Sindarin [Ety/383, Ety/400, X/ND4] în+rind. Group: SINDICT. Published by

în

noun. year

A Sindarin word for “year”, derived from the primitive root ᴹ√YEN of similar meaning, with its vowel sound the result of [[s|a long [ē] becoming [ī]]].

Conceptual Development: The word în first appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s with the gloss and derivation given above. It did not directly appear in Tolkien’s later writings, but was an element in several later words such as S. ínias “annals” and S. iphant “aged” (lit. “year full”). Furthermore, its Quenya cognate yén did reappear in the Lord of the Rings appendices.

In The Etymologies, both N. în and ᴹQ. yén were glossed “year”, and there were other words for longer periods of time, such as ᴹQ. qantien “century, (lit.) full year” and N. anrand “cycle, age”. In the Lord of the Rings and other later writings, Tolkien changed the meaning Q. yén to an “Elvish century” of 144 years. It is quite likely that S. în also changed to this meaning, but since it did not appear as an independent word in later writing, we have no direct confirmation of this.

Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers continue to use în with the sense “year” (that is, a solar year of 365 days). If you are concerned with this word’s true meaning, you might instead use a neologism for this period of time, such as ᴺS. lóran or ᴺS. coranor, but since these are not in widespread use, it is less likely a reader would understand your meaning.

Cognates

  • Q. yén “Elvish long year (144 solar years)”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YEN “year”

Element in

  • ᴺS. edinor “anniversary day”
  • S. ínias “annals” ✧ MR/200
  • S. iphant “*aged, [N.] aged, having lived long, (lit.) year-full”
  • ᴺS. penninor “full year (last day of year), *new year’s eve”

Variations

  • ín ✧ MR/200

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

Sindarin [Ety/349, S/439] Group: SINDICT. Published by

oraearon

noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+aearon. Group: SINDICT. Published by

penninor

noun. last day of the year

Sindarin [Ety/400, X/Z] pant+în+aur. Group: SINDICT. Published by

calan

noun. day, period of actual daylight

Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.

Sindarin [aLotR/D] Group: SINDICT. Published by

oranor

noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+anor. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orgilion

noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+gil, with archaic genitive. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orithil

noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+ithil. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ormenel

noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+menel. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orbelain

noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+belain. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orgaladh

noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree

This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+galadh. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orgaladhad

noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees

This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+galadh, with quenya influenced dual ending. Group: SINDICT. Published by

idhrinn

year

(no distinct pl. form).

în

year

1) în, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. ?íniath. 2) idhrinn (no distinct pl. form). LONG YEAR (Valian year) ennin. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.

în

year

no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. ?íniath.

aur

day

aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

aur

day

(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

edinor

anniversary day

(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.

idhrinn

noun. year, *(lit.) year-circle

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

calan

daytime

(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)

galas

growth

galas (i **alas) (plant), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath**

galas

growth

(i ’alas) (plant), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath

Noldorin 

idhrin

noun. year

Noldorin [Ety/383, Ety/400, X/ND4] în+rind. Group: SINDICT. Published by

idhrind

noun. year

Noldorin [Ety/383, Ety/400, X/ND4] în+rind. Group: SINDICT. Published by

în

noun. year

Noldorin [Ety/400] Group: SINDICT. Published by

în

noun. year

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. yén “year” ✧ Ety/YEN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YEN “year” ✧ Ety/YEN

Element in

  • N. edinar “anniversary day”
  • N. Enedhin “Midyear week”
  • N. ennin “Valian year” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • N. idhrin “year, *(lit.) year-circle”
  • N. ingem “old (in mortal sense), suffering from old age, decrepit, (lit.) year-sick” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • N. ínias “annals” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • N. ifant “aged, having lived long, (lit.) year-full” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • N. penninar “full year (last day of year)” ✧ Ety/YEN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YEN > în[jēn] > [jīn] > [īn]✧ Ety/YEN

Variations

  • in ✧ Ety/YEN

ar-

prefix. day

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. are “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ari “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
    • ᴹ√AR “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Element in

  • N. Ar Fennuir “Day of the Fanturi, fourth day of the Valian week”
  • N. Ar Neleduir “Day of the three kings, fifth day of the Valian week”
  • N. Ar Nethwelein “Day of the younger Gods, fifth day of the Valian week”
  • N. Ar Uiar “Day of Ulmo, second day of the Valian week”
  • N. Ar Vanwe “Day of Manwe, first day of the Valian week” ✧ Ety/AR¹
  • N. Ar Vedhwen “Day of the Spouses, third day of the Valian week”
  • N. Ar Velegol “Day of Aule, alternate name of the third day of the Valian week”
  • N. Ar Ifan “*Day of Yavanna”
  • N. edinar “anniversary day”
  • N. Aroeren “Sea-day”
  • N. Aranor “*Sun-day”
  • N. Arvelain “*Day of the Valar”
  • N. Argalad “Tree Day”
  • N. Argaladath “*Day of the Trees”
  • N. Argilion “*Star-day”
  • N. Arithil “*Moon-day”
  • N. Arvenel “*Heavens-day”
  • N. penninar “full year (last day of year)”
  • N. Ardórin “?Day of Kings”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶ari- > ar-[ari] > [are] > [ar]✧ Ety/AR¹

Variations

  • ar- ✧ Ety/AR¹
Noldorin [Ety/AR¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

Noldorin [Ety/349, S/439] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ennin

noun. Valian year

Noldorin [Ety/400] and+în "long year". Group: SINDICT. Published by

penninar

noun. last day of the year

Noldorin [Ety/400, X/Z] pant+în+aur. Group: SINDICT. Published by

idhrin

noun. year, *(lit.) year-circle

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YEN “year” ✧ Ety/RIN
  • ᴹ✶yenrinde “year” ✧ Ety/YEN

Elements

WordGloss
în“year”
rhinn“circle”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YEN > iðrind > iðrin[jēnrinde] > [jīnrinde] > [īnrinde] > [īnrind] > [īðrind] > [īðrinn] > [īðrin]✧ Ety/RIN
ᴹ✶ı̯en-rinde > îðrin[jēnrinde] > [jīnrinde] > [īnrinde] > [īnrind] > [īðrind] > [īðrinn] > [īðrin]✧ Ety/YEN

Variations

  • iðrin ✧ Ety/RIN
  • îðrin ✧ Ety/YEN
Noldorin [Ety/RIN; Ety/YEN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galas

noun. growth, plant

Noldorin [Ety/357] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

loa

noun. year

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LAW “warm; abound”

Element in

  • ᴹQ. elloa “next year” ✧ PE22/124
  • ᴹQ. nóloa “yesteryear” ✧ PE22/124

yén

noun. year

Cognates

  • N. în “year” ✧ Ety/YEN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YEN “year” ✧ Ety/YEN

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Arendien “Midyear’s Day”
  • ᴹQ. Endien “Midyear (week)” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ᴹQ. qantien “century, (lit.) full year” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ᴹQ. linyenwa “old, having many years” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ᴹQ. yénie “annals” ✧ MR/200
  • ᴹQ. yenya “last year”
  • ᴹQ. Minyen “first day [of year]” ✧ Ety/YEN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YEN > yén[jēn]✧ Ety/YEN

Variations

  • yen- ✧ EtyAC/YEN
Qenya [Ety/YEN; EtyAC/YEN; MR/200] Group: Eldamo. Published by

are

noun. day

Cognates

  • N. ar- “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ari “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
    • ᴹ√AR “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Are Fanturion “Day of the Fanturi, fourth day of the Valian week”
  • ᴹQ. Are Manwen “Day of Manwe, first day of the Valian week”
  • ᴹQ. Arendien “Midyear’s Day”
  • ᴹQ. Are Veruen “Day of the Spouses, third day of the Valian week”
  • ᴹQ. artuile “dayspring, early morn”
  • ᴹQ. Ar Ulmon “Day of Ulmo, second day of the Valian week”
  • ᴹQ. enar “tomorrow”
  • ᴹQ. Mettare “Year’s end”
  • ᴹQ. sinar “today, this morning”
  • ᴹQ. Tuilear “Springdays”
  • ᴹQ. yáre “former days”
  • ᴹQ. Koirear “Stirringdays”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶ari- > are[ari] > [are]✧ Ety/AR¹

ala

noun. day

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GALAN “bright” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GALÁN > ala[gala] > [ɣala] > [ala]✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
Qenya [EtyAC/GAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

olaste

noun. growth

Changes

  • alasteolaste ✧ PE22/110

Elements

WordGloss
ola-“to grow [up], to grow, grow up, reach its prime, become”
-ste“general action verbal suffix”

Variations

  • alaste ✧ PE22/110 (alaste)

Middle Primitive Elvish

yen

root. year

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “year” with derivatives like ᴹQ. yén/N. în “year” (Ety/YEN). Tolkien’s ongoing use of words like Q. yén and S. ínias “annals” indicate its ongoing validity (LotR/377; MR/200), but in Quenya at least the meaning shifted to that of an “Elvish long year”, equal to 144 solar years (LotR/1107; MR/471; NM/84).

Derivatives

  • Q. yén “Elvish long year (144 solar years)”
  • ᴹQ. yén “year” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • N. ennin “Valian year” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • N. idhrin “year, *(lit.) year-circle” ✧ Ety/RIN
  • S. în “year”
  • N. în “year” ✧ Ety/YEN

Element in

  • ᴹ✶atyēnar “anniversary day” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ᴹ✶yenpanta “aged, long-lived” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ᴹ✶yenrinde “year” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ᴹQ. yenya “last year” ✧ Ety/YA
  • N. ingem “old (in mortal sense), suffering from old age, decrepit, (lit.) year-sick” ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ
  • N. ifant “aged, having lived long, (lit.) year-full” ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ

Variations

  • YEN ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ; Ety/GENG-WĀ; Ety/LEP; Ety/RIN; Ety/YA; Ety/YEN
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GENG-WĀ; Ety/LEP; Ety/RIN; Ety/YA; Ety/YEN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yenrinde

noun. year

Derivatives

  • N. idhrin “year, *(lit.) year-circle” ✧ Ety/YEN

Variations

  • ı̯en-rinde ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ien-rinde ✧ EtyAC/YEN
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/YEN; EtyAC/YEN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ar

root. day

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “day” with various derivatives like ᴹQ. are, N. aur “day” and ᴹQ. arin “morning” (Ety/AR¹). In Tolkien’s later writings, the Quenya word for “day” became aurë (RC/727; S/190), and in 1957 Quenya Notes he devised a new etymology for these day-words from the root √UR “heat” as in ✶auri “heat, period of sun” (PE17/148). That opens the question whether the various 1930s Quenya “morning” words from ᴹ√AR remain valid, but many Neo-Quenya writers (including me) retain them since there aren’t really any good alternatives. They might be salvageable as derivatives of the later root √AS “warmth” (so that “day” = “hot” and “morning” = “warm”).

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶ari “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
    • ᴹQ. are “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
    • N. ar- “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
  • ᴹQ. ára “dawn, day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
  • ᴹQ. arie “daytime” ✧ Ety/AR¹
  • ᴹQ. arin “morning” ✧ Ety/AR¹
  • ᴹQ. arya “day (twelve hours)” ✧ Ety/AR¹
  • N. arad “daytime, a day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
  • N. aur “day, morning” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Árien “Sun-maiden” ✧ Ety/AR¹
  • ᴹQ. artuile “dayspring, early morn” ✧ Ety/TUY
  • ᴹQ. Aryante “Day-bringer” ✧ Ety/ANA¹
  • N. Eriant “Day-bringer” ✧ Ety/AR¹
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ANA¹; Ety/AR¹; Ety/TUY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ari

noun. day

Derivations

  • ᴹ√AR “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. are “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
  • N. ar- “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√AR¹ > ari-[ari]✧ Ety/AR¹

Variations

  • ari- ✧ Ety/AR¹
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AR¹; EtyAC/AR¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

fann

noun. year

Element in

  • G. Fanuin “Year” ✧ LT1A/Fanuin
Gnomish [GL/34; LT1A/Fanuin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fanuin

masculine name. Year

Gnomish [LT1/217; LT1/222; LT1A/Fanuin; LT1A/Gonlath; LT1I/Fanuin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lath

noun. year

Cognates

  • Eq. latta “year” ✧ GL/53

Element in

  • G. Lathweg ✧ LT1A/Gonlath (Lathos); LT1A/Gonlath (Lathweg)
  • G. Gonlath ✧ LT1A/Gonlath
  • G. teglath “noted year, special year, feast year” ✧ GL/69
Gnomish [GL/53; GL/69; LT1A/Gonlath] Group: Eldamo. Published by

danuin

masculine name. Day

Changes

  • DanosDanuin ✧ LT1/222
  • DanaDanuin ✧ LT1/222
  • DanaDanuin ✧ LT1A/Danuin
  • DanosDanuin ✧ LT1I/Danuin
  • DanaDanuin ✧ LT1I/Danuin

Variations

  • Danos ✧ LT1/222 (Danos); LT1I/Danuin (Danos)
  • Dana ✧ LT1/222 (Dana); LT1A/Danuin (Dana); LT1I/Danuin (Dana)
Gnomish [LT1/217; LT1/222; LT1A/Danuin; LT1I/Danuin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dân

noun. day

Early Primitive Elvish

ðana

root. day

A primitive form in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives meaning “day” (GL/38). There were a variety of different roots for “day” in later writings such ᴹ√AR or √UR.

Derivatives

  • Eq. sana “day (24 hours)”
  • G. dana “day (24 hours)”
  • G. dôn “[unglossed]”

Element in

Variations

  • ðana ✧ GL/66 (ðana)
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

lúmen

noun. year, period

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LUHU “*time” ✧ QL/056

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LUHU > lūmen[luxmen] > [luɣmen] > [lūmen]✧ QL/056

Variations

  • lūmen ✧ PME/056; QL/056
Early Quenya [PME/056; QL/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rin

noun. year, circle

Derivations

  • ᴱ√RINI “*circle” ✧ QL/080

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√RINI > rin[rind] > [rin]✧ QL/080

Variations

  • rin ✧ QL/080
Early Quenya [PME/080; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kale

noun. day

Changes

  • kaletantare “day” ✧ PE14/043

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KALA “shine golden”
Early Quenya [PE14/043] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. day

Element in

  • Eq. Ambalar “the East” ✧ PE16/075

Variations

  • ✧ PE16/075
Early Quenya [PE16/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

latta

noun. year

Cognates

  • G. lath “year” ✧ GL/53
Early Quenya [GL/53] Group: Eldamo. Published by