ercassë

holly

ercassë ("k") noun "holly" (ERÉK)

enna

first

[enna adj. "first" (VT45:12)]

esta

first

esta (2) adj. "first" (ESE/ESET); this entry was marked with a query. The word Yestarë (q.v.) "Beginning-day" in LotR suggests that Tolkien decided to change the stem in question to _YESE/YESET_. We could then read *yesta for esta (but later this became a noun "beginning" rather than an adj. "first", PE17:120) and also prefix a y to the other words derived from ESE/ESET (essë* > yessë, essëa > yessëa). Estanossë noun "the firstborn", read likewise Yestanossë** (*Yestanessi?) but in a later text, Tolkien used Minnónar (q.v.) for "the Firstborn" as a name of the Elves, and this form may be preferred. _(In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word _Estanossë is cited as "Estanesse", but according to VT45:12, the second-to-last vowel is actually o in Tolkien's manuscript.)

inga

first

inga (2) adj. "first" (ING)

minya

first

minya adj. "first" (MINI) (cf. Minyatur, Minyon); "eminent, prominent" (VT42:24, 25). Minyar "Firsts", the original name of the Vanyar (or rather the direct Quenya descendant of the original Primitive Quendian name) (WJ:380)

setta

first

[setta, setya adj. "first" (possibly also "primary", but Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible) (VT46:13)]

ereg

noun. holly-tree, thorn

ereg

noun. holly

_ n. Bot. _holly. >> Eregion

ereg

noun. holly, thorn, holly, [N.] holly-tree, [S.] thorn

The Sindarin word for “holly”, most notably as an element in the name S. Eregion “Hollin” (SA/ereg; PE17/42). N. ereg “holly-tree” first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s based on the root ᴹ√EREK “thorn”, along with a longer variant N. eregdos where the second element was N. toss “low-growing tree” (Ety/ERÉK, TUS).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had two different words for “holly”: G. criscolas “holly” = crisc “sharp” + lass “leaf” (GL/27), as well as G. sempios “holly” = sen “brown-red” + a variant of piog “berry” (GL/67).

Element in

• S. Eregion “Hollin, (lit.) Holly-region” ✧ PE17/042; SA/ereg
• S. Region “*Hollin” ✧ SA/ereg

er-

prefix. alone, one

ned

noun. first, *one more; first; *during

This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).

On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.

Element in

• S. a Pherhael ar am Meril suilad uin aran o Minas Tirith nelchaenen ned Echuir “to Samwise and Rose the King’s greeting from Minas Tirith, the thirty-first day of Stirring” ✧ SD/129
• ᴺS. neman “when, (lit.) during what”

mein

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

mein

ordinal. first

Cognates

• Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent” ✧ VT42/10

minui

ordinal. first

minui

ordinal. first

Cognates

• Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent” ✧ VT42/25

main

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

er

alone

(adjectival prefix) er- (one, lone)

er

alone

(one, lone)

rêg

holly

rêg (construct reg) (thorn), pl. rîg (idh rîg). See also LOW-GROWING TREE

rêg

holly

(construct reg) (thorn), pl. rîg (idh** rîg**). See also

erui

first

(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

erui

alone

erui (first, single). No distinct pl. form. Also eriol (pl. erioel); archaic *eriaul.

erui

alone

(first, single). No distinct pl. form. Also eriol (pl. erioel); archaic ✱eriaul.

minui

first

1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

minui

first

(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)

mîn

first

(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”

minya

ordinal. first

Cognates

• Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent” ✧ VT42/25

minya

ordinal. first

Derivatives

• S. main “prime, chief, pre-eminent” ✧ VT42/25

ereg

place name. First

Earlier name for the river S. Erui from Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, apparently a Noldorin word meaning ereg “first” (TI/312, WR/436).

Changes

• Ereg → Erui “First” ✧ TI/312
• Ereg → Erui ✧ WRI/Erui

ereg

adjective. first

Element in

• N. Ereg “First” ✧ TI/312

Elements

Word	Gloss
er	“one, alone”
-eg	“suffix for ordinal numbers”

Variations

• Ereg ✧ TI/312

ereg

noun. holly-tree, thorn

ereg

noun. holly-tree

Cognates

• Ilk. reg “holly” ✧ Ety/ERÉK
• ᴹQ. erkasse “holly” ✧ Ety/ERÉK

Derivations

• ᴹ√(E)REK “thorn, holly” ✧ Ety/ERÉK

Element in

• N. eregdos “holly, holly-tree” ✧ Ety/ERÉK
• N. Eregion “Hollin” ✧ Ety/ERÉK
• N. Taur-nan-Erig “Forest of Region” ✧ Ety/ERÉK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ERÉK > ereg	[ereke] > [erek] > [ereg]	✧ Ety/ERÉK
ᴹ√ERÉK > erig	[ereki] > [eriki] > [erik] > [erig]	✧ Ety/ERÉK

Variations

• ereg ✧ Ety/ERÉK

eregdos

noun. holly, holly-tree

er-

prefix. alone, one

edhen

adjective. first

Cognates

• ᴹQ. enna “first” ✧ EtyAC/EDE

Derivations

• ᴹ✶edenā “first” ✧ EtyAC/EDE
  • ᴹ√EDE(L) “precede, come forward, hence” ✧ EtyAC/EDE

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶edenā > eðen	[edenā] > [edena] > [eðena] > [eðen]	✧ EtyAC/EDE

Variations

• eðen ✧ EtyAC/EDE (eðen)