galdor

masculine name. Galdor

A name for Legolas in Lord of the Rings drafts (TI/148). This name also appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s along with another form Gallor, which probably developed when voiced stops became spirants after liquids [ld > lð] and then [[n|medial [lð] became [ll]]]. Later the name S. Galdor was used for the father of Húrin.

galadhor

proper name. Galadhor

A name appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, possibly containing galadh “tree” (Ety/GALA, GALAD).

galdaran

masculine name. Galdaran

An early name for S. Celeborn appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s as a combination of galadh “tree” and aran “king”, along with even earlier forms Tar and Aran (TI/249).

galadhon

masculine name. Galadhon

galador

masculine name. Galador

galadriel

feminine name. Galadriel

galavan

masculine name. Galavan

A rejected name in The Etymologies from the 1930s, the cognate of ᴹQ. Kalamando “Light Mando”, replacing earlier variant Calavan (EtyAC/KAL).

gail

adjective. bright, light

gail

noun. bright light

galas

noun. growth, plant, plant, growth

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “growth, plant” under the root ᴹ√GALA “thrive” (Ety/GALA). It seems to be an abstract elaboration of the verb N. gala- “to grow”, so perhaps refers both to “growth” as a process, as well as a “plant” as a thing that grows.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. caltha “a plant, herb” based on the early root ᴱ√cala- “✱grow” (GL/25), apparently a precursor to √GAL(A) “grow” of the 1930s and later.

galadhrien

feminine name. Tree-lady

An early name for S. Galadriel appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s as a combination of galadh “tree” and the lenited form of rhien “lady” (TI/249). There were also (rejected) variants Rhien and Galdri(e)n.

Conceptual Development: Tolkien soon changed her name to Galadriel (TI/246), but it likely that at this early stage, her name still included galadh “tree”, since Tolkien often represented [ð] with “d” instead of “dh” in Lord of the Rings drafts: compare N. Caradras with S. Caradhras. The derivation of Galadriel’s name from S. galad “light” is probably a later innovation.

galadlevnar

proper name. Week of the Trees

Name of a holiday week in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/LEP), a combination of galadh “tree” and the lenited form of lhevnar “week” (EtyAC/LEP).

galathir

masculine name. Tree-lord

An early name for S. Celeborn appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s as a combination of galadh “tree” and the lenited form of hîr “lord” (TI/249).

gala-

verb. to grow

galad

noun. light

galadh

noun. tree

galw

noun. ?increase, growth

galadloriel

proper name. Golden Rain

galathilion

proper name. White Tree of Valinor

galbedir

proper name. Talking Tree

galenas

noun. pipeweed

gal-

prefix. light

galadrim

collective name. Tree-folk

gala-

verb. to grow

galadh

noun. tree

galas

noun. growth, plant

galw

noun. (?) blessings, (?) blessedness, (?) good fortune (meaning not entirely clear)

caras galadon

place name. Caras Galadon

glaw

noun. radiance

romloth

noun. pipeweed

calad

noun. light

calen

adjective. green, (orig.) bright-coloured

lobor

noun. horse, [heavy riding] horse

A word for “horse” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√LOP (EtyAC/LOP). It did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne reported it in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/28).

Conceptual Development: The similar word G. lobros “steed, horse” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/54), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√LOPO that was the basis for “horse” words in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/56). In The Etymologies, Tolkien first gave the root as ᴹ√LOB and the Noldorin form as {lum >>} lhuv, perhaps from ✱lōbo, but these were deleted and replaced by ᴹ√LOP and lobor.

Neo-Sindarin: Since Tolkien sometimes described S. roch as a “swift horse”, I’d assume lobor was a heavy riding horse or war horse.

fuilas

noun. pipeweed

marlas

noun. pipeweed

celeir

adjective. brilliant

aglar

noun. glory, brilliance, splendour

aglaur, aglor

adjective. brilliant

brilliant, glorious

aklōra

adjective. brilliant

ON. brilliant, glorious

anaur

noun. Sun

anor

noun. Sun

blâb

verb. (he) flaps, beats

The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb

brethel

noun. beech, beech-tree, silver birch

brethel

noun. beech

brethil

noun. beech

calad

gerund noun. light

calen

adjective. green

celeir

adjective. brilliant

edhel

noun. Elf

fêr

noun. beech-tree

gell

noun. joy, triumph

glas

noun. joy

glas

noun. joy

glass

noun. joy

glaur

noun. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin)

glaw

noun. radiance

glawar

noun. sunlight, radiance (of the golden tree Laurelin)

glor-

noun. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin)

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

gwaew

noun. wind

gwaew

noun. wind

gwî

noun. net, web

iant

noun. yoke

ianw

noun. (?) yoke

It originally meant "bridge" in the Etymologies, but was apparently switched with iant

klōra

adjective. brilliant

ON. brilliant

lalf

noun. elm-tree

lalven

noun. elm-tree

lhalorn

noun. elm-tree

lhalwen

noun. elm-tree

lhammas

noun. account of tongues

lhand

adjective. wide, broad

lhann

adjective. wide, broad

lhann

adjective. wide, wide, [ᴱN.] broad

lhoth

noun. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers

The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg

lhothod

noun. (single) flower

lhâf

verb. (he) licks

lhôd

verb. (he) floats

lobor

noun. horse

lothod

noun. (single) flower

mai

adverb. well

morn

adjective. black, dark

morn

adjective. black

môr

adjective. black

nartha-

verb. to kindle, to kindle, *ignite, inflame, set fire to

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s for “kindle” given in the Noldorin infinitive form nartho and derived from the root ᴹ√NARTA of the same meaning (EtyAC/NARTA). This root is probably just a causative verb formation from ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire”, and thus more literally “✱make fire”. Hence I think this verb can be used in the general sense of “✱ignite, inflame, set fire to”, etc.

nifredil

noun. a pale winter flower, snowdrop

orn

noun. (any large) tree

orn

noun. tree

orthor

verb. (he) masters, conquers

osgar

verb. (he) cuts, amputates

pann

adjective. wide

pann

adjective. wide

rhaud

noun. metal

rhaud

noun. metal

roch

noun. horse, swift horse for riding

síla

verb. (he) shines white

síla-

verb. to shine white

sôg

verb. (he) drinks

thia

verb. it appears

tinc

noun. metal

tinc

noun. metal

tôg

verb. (he) leads, brings

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

ûr

noun. wide

ûr

adjective. wide