galad

noun. radiance, glittering reflection; light, fire, brightness, shining; bliss, radiance, glittering reflection; light, fire, brightness, shining; bliss; [ᴱN.] dawn

A word for “radiance, glittering reflection” derived from primitive ✶ñ(g)alatā and the root √Ñ(G)AL “shine by reflection” (PM/347). Most notably it was an element in the names Galadriel and Gil-galad. In the latter name, since the ancient form began with ñg-, its mutated form was -galad rather than the more usual ’alad.

Conceptual Development: This word had a long and intricate history, and was intertwined with the shifting conceptions of various roots and names. It’s earliest iteration was G. {gâl(a) >>} gala “light, daylight” (GL/37), cognate to ᴱQ. kala of similar meaning, derived from the early root ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” (QL/44). Since ancient initial g- became k- in Early Qenya, is very likely the early root was actually ✱ᴱ√GALA. In early notes, Tolkien experimented with various alternate forms for this word such as gâl or gaul (GL/37; PE13/114), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had the word ᴱN. galad with the gloss “dawn” (PE13/144).

By the 1930s, Tolkien had revised the phonology of Quenya so that primitive initial g became ʒ and then vanished, but he wished to retain the kal-/gal- variation in “light” words, and so introduced a Noldorin-only variant ᴹ√GAL of the root ᴹ√KAL “shine” (Ety/GAL). In The Etymologies, Tolkien had both N. calad (Ety/KAL) and N. galad (EtyAC/GAL) for “light”, the former appearing in its mutated form as an element in the name N. Gil-galad “Starlight” (Ety/GIL).

S. calad continued to be the basis for the second element of S. Gil-galad in some later writings (PE17/50), but Tolkien began to have problems with another name from The Lord of the Rings, that is Galadriel. When Tolkien first introduced her name, it basically meant “Tree-lady” (TI/249), but this was no longer suitable for her more elevated role in the Legendarium, and in any case the proper Sindarin word for “tree” was galadh. In 1955 notes Tolkien considered making the initial element of her name mean “blessed” or “bliss” instead (NM/346).

In notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s Tolkien connected the names Gil-galad and Galadriel as sharing a common element meaning “light” and experimented with various derivatives of the roots √KAL and √GAL (PE17/50), but couldn’t contrive a satisfactory solution since the shared word would be mutated in Gil-Galad but unmutated in Galadriel. Eventually Tolkien resolved this quandary by introducing a new root √Ñ(G)AL in various notes from the late 1960s (PE17/59-60; NM/353) whose primitive form in Sindarin was strengthened ✶ñgalatā that would produce the correct result for both names. Tolkien discussed this new word at length in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968:

> The name [Galadriel] was derived from the Common Eldarin stem ÑAL “shine by reflection”; ✱ñalatā “radiance, glittering reflection” (from jewels, glass or polished metals, or water) > Quenya ñalta, Telerin alata, Sindarin galad ... The whole = “maiden crowned with a garland of bright radiance” was given in reference to Galadriel’s hair. Galad occurs also in the epesse of Ereinion (“scion of kings”) by which he was chiefly remembered in legend, Gil-galad “star of radiance” (PM/347).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume (ñ)galad refers to radiant, glittering and reflected light, as opposed to S. calad (lit. = “shining”) which refers to direct light and the sources of such light, such as lamps and flames.

galad

radiance

1a _ n. _radiance. >> Galadriel, Gil-galad

galad

light

_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> calad, Caras Galadon

galad

noun. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water)

Galadriel

noun. Strangers erroneously associated Galadriel with Silvan galad 'tree'

1c prop. n. Strangers erroneously associated Galadriel with Silvan galad 'tree'. Q. Ñaltariel, T. Altarielle.

galador

masculine name. Galador

The first lord of Dol Amroth (UT/248), perhaps a combination of S. galadh “tree” and S. -dor “lord”.

Conceptual Development: N. Galador appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s, where its first element was given as N. galadh (Ety/GALAD).

galadwen

feminine name. Galadwen

Sindarin name of Vidumavi (PM/260), perhaps a combination S. galadh or Nan. galad “tree” and the suffixal form of gwend “maiden”.

galadhon

masculine name. Galadhon

Father of Celeborn in one version of his history (UT/233, WJ/350). This name seems to be a combination galadh “tree” and the masculine suffix -on.

Conceptual Development: In a name list from the 1930s, N. Galadhon is given as a name of Oromë, equivalent to ᴹQ. Aldaron (LR/404), a replacement for earliest G. Aldor or Althor (GL/18-19).

galadon

Galadon

>> Caras Galadon

galadriel

feminine name. Glittering-garland

A Noldorin lady and only daughter of Finarfin, Galadriel was the ruler of Lórien at the end of the Third Age (LotR/353). Her name is a compound of galad “radiance, glittering reflection” and -riel “crowned maiden”. Its full meaning is “maiden crowned with a garland of bright radiance” (PM/347), but for the sake of brevity this entry uses the less literal translation “Glittering-garland” (Let/423).

Etymology: The history of Galadriel’s name is quite complex. Her birth names were Q. Nerwen and Q. Artanis, but her mother Eärwen was Telerin. Later in life Galadriel adopted the Telerin name T. Alatáriel, which in Quenya was Q. Altáriel (PM/346). This new name may have been due to the Telerin influence of her mother, or it may have been given to Galadriel by her husband, who may or may not have been a Telerin elf (see Celeborn for discussion). She was given this name because of her long golden hair (Let/428). Like her older brothers, Galadriel journeyed to Beleriand to aid in the war against Morgoth, where her name Altáriel was adapted into Sindarin as Galadriel (PM/347, PE17/60).

Many years later, when Galadriel became ruler of Lórien, her Silvan-elf subjects associated her name with Nan. galad “tree”. Sometimes her Sindarin name was altered to Galadhriel (S. galadh “tree”) to reflect this association (UT/267), but properly speaking her name had nothing to do with trees.

Conceptual Development: See the entry for the primitive form of her name, ✶Ñ(g)alatā-rigelle, for a discussion of the conceptual developments in this name’s etymology, and N. Galadhrien for a discussion of earlier forms of this name.

calad

noun. light, fire, brightness, shining, light, brightness, shining, fire

A noun for “light” derived from the root √KAL of similar meaning (PE17/50, 84), and appearing in the phrase Lacho calad! Drego morn! “Flame light! Flee night!” (UT/65). In one place it was glossed “light, fire, brightness, shining” (PE17/84), so it seems it could refer to any shining thing or source of light. For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would only use it in reference to “fire” as a source of illumination, not as a flame.

Conceptual Development: N. calad “light” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above (Ety/KAL). In this document it was the basis for the final element of the name N. Gil-galad, and this was true in some later writings as well (PE17/50), but Tolkien eventually decided the second element of Gil-galad was (ñ)galad “radiance”, an element also seen in the name of Galadriel (PM/347).

galadh

noun. tree

The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.

Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).

galadlóriel

proper name. Golden Rain, (lit.) Golden Tree

A Sindarin name for Q. Laurelin appearing in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s but not the published Silmarillion (MR/155). It is a combination of galadh “tree” and glóriel “golden” (Ety/GALAD, Ety/LÁWAR).

Conceptual Development: The name N. Galadlóriel appeared in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/210). In The Etymologies, N. Galadloriel appeared with a short o, had the derivation given above and appeared beside a variant form N. Galagloriel (Ety/GALAD, Ety/LÁWAR). In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, N. Galagloriel was translated “Golden Rain”, but as Christopher Tolkien pointed out, this was not its actual meaning (RS/187).

Galadriel

noun. lady, crowned with a radiant garland

galad (“light, radiance”) + rî (“crown”) + iell (“daughter” [Etym. SEL-D] traditional ending for women’s names) Sindarin equivalent of Tel. Alatâriel(lë))

calad

noun. light

_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> galad

galadhremmen

adjective. tree-meshed

An adjective meaning “tree-meshed” appearing in the A Elbereth Gilthoniel poem in its plural form galadhremmin (LotR/238). It was a combination of galadh “tree” and remmen “meshed” (PE17/25-26). This word is probably poetic, not in common use.

galadhrim

collective name. Tree-people

A name for the Elves of Lórien translated “Tree-people” (LotR/341). This name is a combination galadh “tree” and the class-plural suffix -rim often used in the names of peoples (Let/426, PE17/50).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s and in the 1st edition of Lord of the Rings, this name appeared as N. Galadrim as part of Tolkien’s general trend to simplify dh [ð] to d (TI/239, RC/305). In the 2nd edition he restored the proper Sindarin form Galadhrim, deciding that Galadrim was the Nandorin form (PE17/50).

galadh

tree

_n. Bot._tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

galadhon

suffix. of trees

{ð} n. & poss. suff. of trees. lais geledhion, ** galadhon 'the leaves of trees'.  >> geledhion, -on

galadhremmen

tree-tangled

pl1. galadhremmin {ð} adj. tree-tangled. _o galadh-remmin ennorath _lit. 'from tree-tangled middlelands'. Q. aldarembina.

galadhrim

noun. wood elves of Lórien

galadh (“tree”) + rim (collective plural suffix)

galadhrim

noun. 'Tree-people'

pl2. n. 'Tree-people'. True S. form of Galadrim. >> Galadrim

galadrim

noun. 'Tree-people'

pl2. n. 'Tree-people'. Sylvan word, true S. Galadhrim. >> Galadhrim

galadh

tree

{ð} n. tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

galadh

In Sindarin

{ð}_ n. _In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

gala-

verb. to grow

galadhad

noun. the Two Trees of Valinor

Galadriel

noun. Altăriel

_prop. n. _Q. Altăriel. . This gloss was rejected.

Galadriel

noun. 'woman crowned with glory

1a prop. n. 'woman crowned with glory, radiance'. A sindarized version of original Q. Altariel(le).

Galadriel

noun. 'lady with the gleaming crown'

1b prop. n. 'lady with the gleaming crown', sc. golden head of hair. This form was a suggestion made by Tolkien in the course of his thought, see PE17:59-60. Q. Naldariel(le).

calad

gerund noun. light

galadh

noun. tree

galadhremmen

adjective. tree-woven, tree-tangled

galadhrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

galad

radiance

1) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad) (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid), 2) glaw (i **law), pl. gloe (in gloe), 3) thîl; no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. ?thiliath**.

galad

sunlight

1) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 2) glawar (i **lawar) (gold; radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) (VT41:10)

galad

glittering reflection

galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, radiance), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid).

galad

reflection

(glittering reflection) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad) (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, radiance), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid)

galad

radiance

(i ngalad = i ñalad) (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid)

galad

brilliance

(i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid)

galad

sunlight

(i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid).

galad

glittering reflection

(i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, radiance), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid).

galad

reflection

(i ngalad = i ñalad) (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, radiance), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid) **

Galadriel

Galadriel

Galadriel is a Sindarin name translated by Tolkien as "glittering garland", "Maiden crowned with gleaming hair", and "maiden crowned with a radiant garland". It has been suggested that Galadriel consists of galad ("light, radiance") + rî ("crown") + iell ("daughter"). Tolkien notes that the element galad had no relation to Sindarin galadh ("tree", or Silvan galad "tree"), but that such a connexion often was made and her name then became Galadhriel.

galadh

galadh

From Primitive Quendian galadā, derived from root GALA. Although the form galadh is similar to Silvan galad ("tree"), it should not be confused with Sindarin galad ("radiance").

galadhrim

Galadhrim

Galadhrim is a Sindarin name meaning "Tree-people". The name consists of galadh ("tree") + rim(b) ("great number"). See also LotR (50th) p. 341. In the first edition of The Lord of the Rings, Galadhrim was spelt Galadrim. In later editions, this was emended to the former, which Tolkien had decided was the correct Sindarin form.

calad

light

_(noun) _1) calad (i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i **aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i **âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).

calad

light

(i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i ’aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i ’âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).

galadh

tree

1) galadh (i **aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302). 2) orn (pl. yrn**). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

galadhon

of or related to trees

(lenited ‘aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic ✱galadhaun. The latter is based on David Salo’s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.

galadhremmen

tree-tangled

*galadhremmen (pl. galadhremmin) (word used to describe the woodlands of Middle-earth)

galadhremmen

tree-tangled

(pl. galadhremmin) (word used to describe the woodlands of Middle-earth)

galadhrim

people of the trees

Galadhrim (Elves of Lórien)

galadhrim

people of the trees

Galadhrim (Elves of Lórien). Adj. OF OR RELATED TO TREES (?) galadhon (lenited aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic *galadhaun. _The latter is based on David Salo_s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.

galadh

tree

(i ’aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302).

galadhrim

people of the trees

(Elves of Lórien)

galadhrim

people of the trees

(Elves of Lórien). Adj.

rî

garland

rî (construct ri) (wreath, crown), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî);

rî

garland

(construct ri) (wreath, crown), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî);

geledhion

suffix. of trees

pl. n. & poss. suff. of trees. lais geledhion, ** galadhon 'the leaves of trees'.  >> galadhon

aglar

brilliance

1) aglar (glitter, glory), pl. eglair if there is a pl. 2) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid), 3) rill (construct ril) (flame, glittering reflected light), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).

araw

oromë

also called Tauron (na Dauron, o Thauron). Other names: Galadhon (na ’Aladhon) or Tauros (na Dauros, o Thauros)

remmen

netted

(tangled, woven), pl. #remmin attested (as part of the phrase galadhremmin ennorath, LotR Appendix E)

remmen

woven

remmen (tangled, netted), pl. #remmin attested (as part of the phrase galadhremmin ennorath, LotR Appendix E)

remmen

woven

(tangled, netted), pl. #remmin attested (as part of the phrase galadhremmin ennorath, LotR Appendix E)

remmen

tangled

remmen (woven, netted), pl. #remmin attested (as part of the phrase galadhremmin ennorath, LotR Appendix E): TREE-TANGLED *galadhremmen (pl. galadhremmin) (word used to describe the woodlands of Middle-earth)

remmen

tangled

(woven, netted), pl. #remmin attested (as part of the phrase galadhremmin ennorath, LotR Appendix E):

riel

princess

#riel (garlanded maiden), pl. ?rîl (idh rîl), coll. pl. riellath. Isolated from the name Galadriel.

riel

princess

(garlanded maiden), pl. ?rîl (idh rîl), coll. pl. riellath. Isolated from the name Galadriel.

riel

garlanded maiden

(princess), pl. ?rîl (idh rîl). Isolated from the name Galadriel.

remmen

noun. woven, netted, tangled

Lossoth

noun. the Snowmen

Teler

noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri

aglar

noun. radiance

_n. _radiance, glory. Q. alkar. >> aglareb

aglar

brilliance

n. brilliance, glory. Q. alkar. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

anfangrim

noun. the Longbeards (a tribe of Dwarves)

anglennatha

verb. (he) will approach

anor

noun. Sun

The most common Sindarin name for the Sun derived from primitive ✶Anār, an augmented form of the root √NAR “fire” (PE17/38; Ety/ANÁR; SD/302-303, 306). The o is the result of ancient ā becoming au and then this au becoming o in polysyllables.

Conceptual Development: The term Anor was first mentioned in conjunction with early tales of Númenor (LR/41). It briefly appeared as N. {ánar >>} Anar “sun” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the entry for ᴹ√NAR (Ety/NAR¹; EtyAC/NAR¹), but as Anor under ᴹ√ANÁR (Ety/ANÁR). In The Notion Club Papers of the 1940s it was Anor, archaic †Anaur (SD/302-303, 306) and it retained this form thereafter.

araw

masculine name. Oromë

The Sindarin name of Oromë (LotR/1039), a derivation of his Valarin name Arǭmēz (WJ/400).

Possible Etymology: Tolkien considered several different derivations of this name. In The Etymologies of the 1930s and in some later writings, the name was derived from primitive ᴹ✶Orǭmē (Ety/ORÓM; PE17/99, 153), but in these derivations it is unclear how the initial element of his Sindarin name developed from O into A.

Later, Tolkien decided that his name developed from Val. Arǭmēz (PE17/138, WJ/400), making the initial A in the Sindarin name easier to explain. In the case of his Quenya name, the initial A changed to O by association with the Quenya root √ROM “noise of horns” (WJ/400).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the cognate of Orome was given as G. Orma (GL/63). In the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s, it appeared as G. Ormain >> Ormaid, both rejected and replaced by (unrelated) Tavros (LB/195).

In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the Noldorin name of Orome appeared first as (rejected) N. Goru (EtyAC/GÓROM), then Araw (Ety/ORÓM). In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, his name was written as (incomplete and rejected) Ramr... before being immediately changed to Araw (WR/292). This remained his Sindarin name thereafter.

avo

verb. don't!

Used as a negative adverb before an imperative: avo garo "don't do it!". Sometimes used as prefix: avgaro

avon

verb. I won't

calben

noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")

calben

noun. all Elves but the Avari

cuio

verb. live!

dagorath

noun. all the battles

drúwaith

noun. the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.)

dúnedhel

noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)

edhel

noun. Elf

edhel

noun. Elf

_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen

edhel

Elf

pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel

edhel

Elf

{ð} _n. _Elf.

edhel

Elf

d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.

edhelharn

noun. elf-stone

egladhrim

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

eglath

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

ell

noun. elf

n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.

elleth

noun. elf-maid

ellon

noun. elf

elvellon

noun. elf-friend

fael

noun. gleaming brilliance (of the sun)

falathrim

noun. people of the Falas

glinnel

noun. Elf, one of the Teleri

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

gódhel

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

gódhellim

noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk

iathrim

noun. Elves of Doriath

lachend

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

lachenn

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

laegel

noun. a Green Elf

laegeldrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

laegrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

lammas

noun. account of tongues

lebethron

noun. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor

In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)

lâf

verb. (he) licks

lôd

verb. (he) floats

malhorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

mallorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

malthorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

miniel

noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar

minuial

noun. "morrowdim", the time near dawn, when the star fade

mornedhel

noun. Dark-Elf

noro

verb. run! ride!

Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (not a literal translation) and later translated as "run swift" in RC/195. A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"

orn

noun. (any large) tree

oron

noun. tree

n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. >> orn

pêd

verb. (he) says

raef

noun. net

raef

noun. net

raew

noun. net

raew

noun. net

rammas

noun. (great) wall

ril

brilliance

n. brilliance, esp. used of white radiation. >> mithril

rochirrim

noun. horse-lords, the people of Rohan

tawarwaith

noun. Silvan elves

telerrim

noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

ódhel

noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk

ódhellim

noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk

ónen

noun. I gave

Written onen in some editions of LotR. In the Qenyaqetsa, Qenya anta- is marked as having an irregular past tense áne. Assuming the same sound-shifts as observed in other words, this would indeed lead to onen in Sindarin, see PE/12:31 and TT/14:48-49

aglar

brilliance

(glitter, glory), pl. eglair if there is a pl.

anor

sun

(pl. Anoer if there is a pl.) Archaic Anaur (SD:306).

denwaith

people of denwe

(WJ:385);

edhel

elf

edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

fael

gleaming brilliance

. No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "fair-minded, generous, just".

gail

light

(adjective) 1) gail (bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18), 2) lim (clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.

gail

light

(bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18)

glaur

golden light

(i ’laur), pl. gloer (in gloer).

glaw

radiance

(i ’law), pl. gloe (in gloe)

glawar

sunlight

(i ’lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)

glawar

sunlight

glawar (i **lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)

glóren

shining with golden light

(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin

gwaith

people

gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**).

gwaith

people

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

gwathuirim

people of dunland

(”shadowy people”) (PM:330);

gwî

net

1) gwî (i **wî) (web), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwî), 2) raef, no distinct pl. form except with article (idh raef), coll. pl. raevath. Note: raef has a side-form raew, but since this also means ”fathom”, raef may be preferred for clarity. 3) rem (mesh), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath**. Verb

gwî

net

(i ’wî) (web), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwî)

haradrim

people of the south

(southerners, southrons);

huorn

walking tree of fangorn

(i chuorn, o chuorn), pl. huyrn (i chuyrn).

iathrim

people of doriath

(”Fence-people”) (WJ:378);

ilphen

 noun. everyone

il- (every/all) + pen (someone/somebody).

lebethron

oak tree

.

lim

light

(clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.

minuial

dawn

minuial (i vinuial) (morrowdim, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)

minuial

dawn

(i vinuial) (morrowdim, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)

naur

sun

(mainly in compounds as nar-, -nor) (flame, fire), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath.

nothlir

family tree

(family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

orn

tree

(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

raef

net

no distinct pl. form except with article (idh raef), coll. pl. raevath. Note: raef has a side-form raew, but since this also means ”fathom”, raef may be preferred for clarity.

raen

netted

(enlaced). No distinct pl. form. (VT42:12)

rem

net

(mesh), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath. Verb

rill

brilliance

(construct ril) (flame, glittering reflected light), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).

rill

light

(construct ril) (brilliance, flame), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).

rohirrim

people of rohan

(Gondorian pronunciation of Rochirrim; see

thîl

radiance

; no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. ?thiliath.

toss

low-growing tree

(i** doss, o thoss, construct tos), pl. tyss (i** thyss). Tolkien mentioned ”maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.” as examples of the low-growing trees covered by this word. Specific trees, see