gwe
noun. man, warrior
gwedh-
verb. to bind
gwelw
noun. air (as a substance)
A noun appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as N. gwelw “air (as a substance)” derived from primitive ᴹ✶wilwā under the root ᴹ√WIL “fly, float in air” (Ety/WIL).
Conceptual Development: An earlier precursor is G. gwail “air” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√gu̯il (GL/45).
Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this word would be ᴺS. gwelu as suggested in HSD (HSD).
gwedh
noun. bond
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “bond” derived from ON. weda under the root ᴹ√WED “bind” (Ety/WED). It might be an element of the later word danwedh “ransom” in the name Bar-en-Danwedh “House of Ransom” from The Silmarillion (S/203).
gwerth-i-cuina
place name. (Land of) the Dead that Live
An earlier name for S. Dor Firn-i-Guinar appearing in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, glossed “Living Dead” (SM/116) or “Land of the Dead that Live” (LR/305). It is a combination of the plural of G. gwarth “dead (only of persons)”, i “that” and the present form of cuina- “to live”. It is unclear why the verb was not plural or lenited, as it was in other forms of this name (and as it was on WJ/71).
gwend
noun. bond, friendship
gwenn
noun. maiden
gwest
noun. oath
gwesta-
verb. to swear
gweith
noun. manhood; man-power, troop of able bodied men, host, regiment
gweria-
verb. to betray
gweneth
noun. virginity
gwedh
noun. bond
gwedh-
verb. to bind
gweith
noun. manhood
gweith
noun. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people
gweith
noun. region, wilderness
gwelw
noun. air (as substance)
gwelwen
noun. air, lower air (distinct from the upper air of the stars, or the outer)
gwelwen
noun. air, lower air
gwend
noun. bond, friendship
gwend
noun. maiden
gweneth
noun. virginity
gwenn
noun. maiden
gweria-
verb. to betray, cheat
gwest
noun. oath
gwesta-
verb. to swear
herven
noun. husband
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “husband”, a combination of ᴹ√KHER “govern” and N. benn “man” (which itself archaically meant “husband”), the latter element based on the root ᴹ√BES “wed” (Ety/BES, KHER).
Conceptual Development: In Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s, “husband” was {gwidhion >>} ᴱN. gwedhion, based on the root ᴱ√wed- having to do with marriage (PE13/146). It has a negated form ᴱN. yrwidhion “without husband” (PE13/156). Another precursor was ᴱQ. heruvesto “lord husband” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which was assembled from elements similar to N. hervenn, but in the Qenya branch of the language instead.
Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Tolkien seems to have revised ᴹ√BES > √BER as the basis for marriage words (VT49/45). However, I prefer to retain the 1930s root ᴹ√BES and would therefore use hervenn for “husband” in Neo-Sindarin, though ᴺS. bethron “spouse (m.)” is an alternative.
gwathel
noun. [sworn] sister, associate [f.]
bein
adjective. fair, beautiful
gwador
noun. (sworn) brother, associate
gwîn
noun. evening
alf
noun. swan
alf
noun. swan
anw
adjective. male
A literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective
benn
noun. man, male
bess
noun. (young) woman
bess
noun. wife
borg
adjective. big
calen
adjective. green
caw
noun. top
caw
noun. top
cerin
noun. circular enclosure
cerin
noun. mound
dess
noun. young woman
dî
noun. woman, lady
dîr
noun. man, referring to an adult male (elf, mortal, or of any other speaking race)
forodrim
noun. Northmen
forodwaith
noun. Northmen
forodwaith
noun. the lands of the North
forodweith
noun. Northmen
forodweith
noun. the lands of the North
guruth
noun. death
guruth
noun. death
gwador
noun. brother (especially used of those not brothers by blood, but sworn brothers or associates)
gwaedh
noun. bond, troth, compact, oath
gwaith
noun. manhood
gwaith
noun. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people
gwaith
noun. region, wilderness
gwaloth
noun. blossom, collection of flowers
This form replaced deleted goloth in the manuscript of The Etymologies, see VT/45:29. The deleted form is however also later attested in VT/42:18
gwanath
noun. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract)
gwann
adjective. departed, dead
gwanod
noun. tale, number
gwanur
noun. a pair of twins
gwanur
noun. brother or kinsman, kinswoman
gwanw
noun. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract)
gwarth
noun. betrayer
gwarth
noun. betrayer
gwastar
noun. hummock
gwastar
noun. hummock
gwath
noun. shade, shadow, dim light
gwath
noun. stain
gwath
noun. shade
gwilith
noun. air (as a region)
gwîn
adjective. young
gûr
noun. death
herven
noun. husband
hervenn
noun. husband
hervenn
noun. husband
herves
noun. wife
herves
noun. wife
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s for “wife”, a combination of ᴹ√KHER “govern” and N. bess “woman” (which itself archaically meant “wife”), the latter element based on the root ᴹ√BES “wed” (Ety/BES, KHER).
Conceptual Development: A precursor to this word was ᴱQ. herivesti “wife, ✱lady spouse” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which was assembled from elements similar to N. herves, but in the Qenya branch of the language instead.
Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Tolkien seems to have revised ᴹ√BES > √BER as the basis for marriage words (VT49/45). However, I prefer to retain the 1930s root ᴹ√BES and would therefore use herves for “wife”. However, in later writings Tolkien also used the short form bess for “wife” as well (SD/129), so I consider herves to be more formal.
hervess
noun. wife
hervess
noun. wife
lhae
noun. great number
lhaeb
adjective. fresh
lhaes
noun. babe
lhaes
noun. babe
A noun appearing as N. lhaes “babe” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√LAP (Ety/KEM).
Neo-Sindarin: This word is sometimes adapted to Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. laes, for example in HSD (HSD). This updated form is the usual revision of the voiceless initial lh of Noldorin to voiced l in Sindarin. However, this is not the only phonological difficulty in this word. For example, there is some evidence that in Sindarin, the vocalization of spirantalized p is to u rather than i, suggesting ᴺS. ✱laus. There is also evidence that voiceless stops didn’t vocalize before s in Sindarin, but rather became simple spirants, as in ach “neck” < aks, suggesting instead ✱laph. In this case, I think it is best to avoid all these complexities and just use the 1968 word S. gwinig for “baby”.
lhind
noun. air, tune
lhinn
noun. air, tune
lhoeb
adjective. fresh
lhoeb
adjective. fresh
lhoth
noun. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers
The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg
lhothod
noun. (single) flower
lhum
noun. shade
lhum
noun. shade
A word appearing as N. lhum “shade” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√LUM, most notably an element in the name N. Hithlum (Ety/LUM). It was the cognate of ᴹQ. lumbe, and thus derived from primitive ✱lumbē, which explains why the final m survived as a reduction of mb.
Conceptual Development: The earliest iteration of this word was G. lôm {“pool, sl...” >>} “gloom, shade” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, based on primitive ᴱ✶lou̯me (GL/54) and probably derived from the early root ᴱ√LOMO as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Hisilómë). In this early document, G. lum or glum was “a cloud” (GL/55), likely a derivative of ᴱ√LUVU for “✱dark weather” as also suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Luvier). In Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱN. {lom >>} lhom “shadow” (PE13/149). This became N. lhum “shade” in The Etymologies, as noted above.
Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Hithlum was designated North Sindarin and its final element was based on a loan from Q. lómë “dusk”, with the m surviving only because it was from the North dialect (PE17/133; WJ/400). However, the root √LUM “shadow, darkness” also survived in later writings (PE17/168), so I think N. lhum “shade” can be salvaged, though if adapted to Neo-Sindarin it would need to become ᴺS. lum as suggested in HSD (HSD). Given the later use of Q. lumbo for “(dark) cloud”, I think the Gnomish sense G. lum “[dark] cloud” can be salvaged as well.
lothod
noun. (single) flower
muindor
noun. brother
muindor
noun. brother
narn
noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung
neth
adjective. young
neth
adjective. young
irregular, compare: tathor @@@
nifredil
noun. a pale winter flower, snowdrop
nûd
noun. bond
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√NUT “tie, bind” (Ety/NUT).
penedh
noun. Elf
penn
noun. Elf
pent
noun. tale
rhaen
adjective. crooked
rhaen
adjective. crooked
rhoeg
adjective. crooked, bent, wrong
thlind
adjective. fine, slender
thlinn
adjective. fine, slender
thîn
noun. evening
thîn
noun. evening
trîw
adjective. fine, slender
tôr
noun. brother
The word muindor is more usual
tôr
noun. brother
An (archaic) word for “brother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√TOR of the same meaning, with an irregular plural terein (Ety/TOR). In ordinary speech, it was replaced by muindor, with an initial element muin “dear”.
Neo-Sindarin: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word hanar for “brother” (VT47/14). However, I think †tôr and related words might be retained to mean a “metaphorical brother”, a close male associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as gwador “(sworn) brother, associate”. In this paradigm, I would assume muindor still refers to a brother by blood, with an added connotation of strong affection.
ungoliant
feminine name. Gloomweaver
A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “bind” appearing in its Noldorin-style infinitive form gwedi, with an archaic past form gwend/gwenn and a later past gweðant, all under the root ᴹ√WED “bind” (Ety/WED). Given its root, the expected stem form would be ✱gwedh-, so the form gwedi is probably either archaic or malformed.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume its stem form was gwedh-, and I would modernize its past forms as described in the entry on the Sindarin past tense.