Sindarin 

lum

noun. shade

Sindarin [Ety/370, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lum

noun. shade, *a thing blocking light; [G.] [dark] cloud

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

lûm

shade

(pl. luim).

gwath

noun. shade, shadow, dim light

Sindarin [Ety/397, S/432] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwath

noun. stain

Sindarin [Ety/397, S/432] Group: SINDICT. Published by

roch

noun. horse, swift horse for riding

Sindarin [Ety/384, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/282, Letter] Group: SINDICT. Published by

roch

noun. horse

The usual word for “horse” in Sindarin, a derivative of ✶rokkō (Let/282, 382) and very well attested. There are indications that this word was more specifically a “swift horse” (Let/382; EtyAC/ROK), but in most cases Tolkien used it generically.

Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this word seems to be G. brog “horse” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/24), though at the time it had no Qenya cognates. ᴱN. brog “horse” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), but by The Etymologies of the 1930s it had become N. roch “horse”, already with the derivation given above (Ety/ROK; EtyAC/ROK). Tolkien seems to have mainly stuck with this form thereafter.

Cognates

  • Q. rocco “horse” ✧ Let/178; Let/282; Let/382; SA/roch

Derivations

  • rokkō “horse, swift horse for riding” ✧ Let/282; Let/382
    • ᴹ√ROK “run on foot, *horse, run on foot”

Element in

  • S. Arroch “*Noble-horse”
  • ᴺS. raebroch “zebra”
  • S. Rochallor ✧ SA/roch
  • S. Rochand “Rohan, Horse-country” ✧ Let/178; Let/382; RC/241; SA/roch; UT/318
  • S. rochben “rider”
  • S. Roch-cheruin “Steed of the Lady” ✧ PE17/097
  • S. roch heryn “Lady(’s) horse” ✧ PE17/097
  • S. rochir “knight, horse-lord” ✧ Let/178; Let/282
  • S. Rochirrim “Horse-lords” ✧ UT/318
  • S. roch na-heryna “the horse of (the) Lady” ✧ PE17/097
  • S. Rohan “Riddermark, (lit.) Horse-country”
  • S. Roheryn “Horse of the Lady” ✧ SA/roch
  • S. Rohirrim “Horse-lords” ✧ Let/382; SA/roch

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
rokkō > roch[rokkō] > [rokko] > [rokkʰo] > [roxxo] > [roxx] > [rox]✧ Let/282
Sindarin [Let/178; Let/282; Let/382; PE17/097; RC/241; SA/roch; UT/318] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dae

shade

(i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae)

faun

cloud

(pl. foen, coll. pl. fonath)

fuin

nightshade

(gloom, darkness, night, dead of night); no distinct pl. form.

fân

cloud

1) fân (veil, also used of the manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain, 2) faun (pl. foen, coll. pl. fonath)

fân

cloud

(veil, also used of the manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain

gwâth

shade

(noun) 1) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261), 2) dae (i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae), 3) lûm (pl. luim**).

gwâth

shade

(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)

lobor

horse

lobor, analogical pl. lebyr (VT45:28)

lobor

horse

analogical pl. **lebyr **(VT45:28)

roch

horse

(swift horse for riding) roch, pl. rych (idh rych) (Letters:282)

roch

horse

pl. rych (idh rych) (Letters:282)