i

definite article. the

i

definite article. who

ind

noun. inner thought, meaning, heart

inn

noun. inner thought, meaning, heart

iell

noun. girl, maid

Stated to be an alteration of sell , remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words

ingem

adjective. old (of person, in mortal sense: decripit, suffering from old age)

New word coined by the Elves after meeting with Men

ionn

noun. scion, male descendant

For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

iarwath

masculine name. Blood-stained

imlad

noun. deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides (but a flat habitable bottom)

ia

noun. abyss, void

iaew

noun. mocking, scorn

iant

noun. bridge

iau

noun. ravine, cleft, gulf

iaur

adjective. ancient, old, original

idhren

adjective. pondering, wise, thoughtful

iest

noun. wish

ifant

adjective. aged, having lived long, old (with no connotation of weakness)

inc

noun. guess, idea, notion

ithil

noun. the (full) Moon, lit. 'The Sheen'

im

noun. dell, deep vale

This word only survived in compounds (due to the clash with im.1 )

imb

noun. dell, deep vale

This word only survived in compounds (due to the clash with im.1 )

imm

noun. dell, deep vale

This word only survived in compounds (due to the clash with im.1 )

iolf

noun. brand

The word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin

ianw

noun. (?) yoke

It originally meant "bridge" in the Etymologies, but was apparently switched with iant

iell

noun. daughter

Stated to be an alteration of sell , remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words

ionn

noun. son

For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

iuitha-

verb. to employ, to use

The gloss was hardly legible and Christopher Tolkien read "to enjoy" in Ety/400, but the meaning "to employ", much more probable (Cf. iuith ), was later confirmed in VT/45:23

iûl

noun. embers

The word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin

iôr

noun. course

ia

noun. gulf

ia

adverb. ago

iaeth

noun. neck

ial

noun. (?) a call, (?) a cry

ialla-

verb. to call

iau

noun. corn

iaun

noun. holy place, fane, sanctuary

iaur

adjective. older, former

idher

noun. thoughtfulness

idhrin

noun. year

idhrind

noun. year

inw

adjective. female

io

adverb. ago

ist

noun. lore, knowledge

ista-

verb. to have knowledge

istui

adjective. learned

iuith

noun. use

iâr

noun. blood

gerin

verb. I hold, I have

arnediad

adjective. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless

arnœdiad

adjective. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless

eithel

noun. issue of water, spring, well

mindon

noun. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower

thia

verb. it appears

eilian

noun. rainbow

See ianu and iant for a discussion

eilianw

noun. rainbow

See ianu and iant for a discussion

glir-

verb. to sing, trill, to recite a poem

The form glin in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:15

rhib-

verb. to flow like a (torrent ?)

The reading of the gloss is uncertain

thinna-

verb. to fade, to grow towards evening

The punctuation in The Etymologies is considered incorrect (the full dot after this word should conceivably be a comma)

andeith

noun. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened.

ceir

noun. ship

cenedril

noun. looking-glass, mirror

curunir

noun. man of craft, wizard

ethir

noun. mouth (of a river), estuary

fein

noun/adjective. white

minei

adjective. single, distinct, unique

nifredil

noun. a pale winter flower, snowdrop

peich

noun. juice, syrup

pelin

noun. fading, withering

sirion

noun. great river

teitha-

verb. to write

buia-

verb. to serve, to hold allegiance to

cerin

noun. circular enclosure

chwinia-

verb. to twirl, whirl, eddy

cuil

noun. life

cuin

adjective. alive

cuina-

verb. to be alive

dineth

noun. bride

dringa-

verb. to beat (with a hammer, etc.)

duirro

noun. river-bank

egledhia-

verb. to go into exile

ennin

noun. Valian year

eria-

verb. to rise

fliw

noun. sickness

fuia-

verb. to feel disgust at, abhor

gail

noun. bright light

gasdil

noun. "stopgap", name of a diacritic sign used to indicate that g had been lenited to zero

geil

noun. star, bright spark

gildin

noun. silver spark

gilgalad

noun. starlight

girith

noun. shuddering, horror

gwaith

noun. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people

gwaith

noun. region, wilderness

gweith

noun. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people

gweith

noun. region, wilderness

gwilith

noun. air (as a region)

gwing

noun. spindrift, flying spray

gwing

noun. foam (properly a flying spume or spindrift blown off wavetops)

heledir

noun. kingfisher (bird)

heledirn

noun. kingfisher (bird)

heniad

gerund noun. understanding, intelligence

hith

noun. mist, fog

leithian

noun. release, freeing, release from bondage

lheithian

noun. release, freeing, release from bondage

lhim

noun. fish

lhimb

noun. fish

lhimlug

noun. fish-dragon, sea-serpent

lhimmid

verb. to moisten

lhind

noun. air, tune

lhinn

noun. air, tune

liria-

verb. to sing

meglin

adjective. honey-eater, bear-like

meldir

noun. friend

meldis

noun. friend

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

minnas

noun. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower

mirion

noun. great jewel, Silmaril

mist

noun. error, wandering

mith

noun. white fog, wet mist

nim-

adjective. pale, white

nimmid

verb. to whiten

nimp

adjective. pale, white

nothlir

noun. family line (esp. as family tree, genealogical tree)

penia-

verb. to fix, to set

perin

adjective. half, divided in middle

pigen

adjective. tiny

puia-

verb. to spit

puig

adjective. clean, tidy, neat

rhein

noun. slot, spoor, track, footprint

rhevia-

verb. to fly, sail

rhim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

rhimb

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

rhinc

noun. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move

rhind

noun. circle

rhingorn

noun. circle

rhinn

noun. circle

rhis

noun. ravine

rhista-

verb. to rend, rip

rhitha-

verb. to jerk, twitch, snatch

rhui

noun. hunt, hunting

rhuiw

noun. hunt, hunting

rhœin

noun. slot, spoor, track, footprint

sigil

noun. dagger, knife

thalion

noun. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion)

thlind

adjective. fine, slender

thling

noun. spider, spider's web, cobweb

thlingril

noun. spider

thlinn

adjective. fine, slender

thliw

noun. sickness

thurin

adjective. secret, hidden

tild

noun. horn, point

till

noun. horn, point

tindu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

tindu

noun. starry twilight

tinna-

verb. to glint

tinnu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

tinnu

noun. starry twilight

tirith

noun. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance

tithen

adjective. little, tiny

tuia-

verb. to sprout, spring

tuilin

noun. swallow (bird)

tuilind

noun. swallow (bird)

tuilinn

noun. swallow (bird)

uial

noun. twilight

brenia-

verb. to endure

The form bronio in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:7

megil

noun. sword

The word was struck out in the Etymologies, but is well attested in late compounds such as Mormegil or Arvegil (with regular mutation). It is conceivably the Sindarinized form of Quenya makil, coexisting with magol (see tegil and tegol for a similar case)

uidavnen

adjective. ever-closed

Normalized to uidafnen, as in lefnui

diragas

?. [unglossed]

edrein

noun. border

fein

noun/adjective. cloud

forodwaith

noun. Northmen

forodwaith

noun. the lands of the North

forodweith

noun. Northmen

forodweith

noun. the lands of the North

heir

noun/adjective. left (hand)

lhewig

noun. ear

liniath

noun. pools

maidh

adjective. pale, fallow, fawn

meidh

adjective. pale, fallow, fawn

sein

adjective. new

sigil

noun. necklace

teith

noun. mark

bauglir

noun. tyrant, oppressor

brennil

noun. lady

brith

noun. gravel

bui

verb (impersonal). to need

ceredir

noun. doer, maker

cerin

noun. mound

cirban

noun. haven

clei

?. [unglossed]

criss

noun. cleft, cut, slash

crist

noun. cleaver, sword

critha-

verb. to reap

crumui

adjective. left-handed

dilia-

verb. to stop up

emil

noun. mother

forodrim

noun. Northmen

giliath

noun. all the host of stars

gir-

verb. to shudder

gling-

verb. to hang, dangle

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

gwaith

noun. manhood

gweith

noun. manhood

gweria-

verb. to betray, cheat

gwilwileth

noun. butterfly

henia-

verb. to understand

hiril

noun. lady

hithw

noun. fog

leithia-

verb. to release

lhain

adjective. free, freed

lhasbelin

noun. season of autumn

lhein

adjective. free, freed

lheitho

verb. to release

megli

noun. bear

melethril

noun. lover

mindon

noun. tower

minnas

noun. tower

mista-

verb. to stray

mith

adjective. (pale) grey

muin

adjective. dear

muindor

noun. brother

nifred

noun. pallor, fear

nœdia-

verb. to count

orthelian

noun. canopy

pelia-

verb. to spread

penninar

noun. last day of the year

rhain

noun. border

rhein

noun. border

rhenia-

verb. to stray

rhevia-

verb. to wander

rhien

noun/adjective. crowned

rhien

noun/adjective. crowned lady, queen

rhim

noun. crowd, host, great number

rhimb

noun. crowd, host, great number

rhing

adjective. cold

rhista-

verb. to cut

siria-

verb. to flow

teilia-

verb. to play

teilien

noun. sport, play

telia-

verb. to play

telien

noun. sport, play

thind

adjective. grey, pale

thinn

adjective. grey, pale

thrib-

verb. to scratch

tinc

noun. metal

tint

noun. spark

tinw

noun. spark, small star

tir-

verb. to watch, to gaze, look at

tiria-

verb. to watch, to gaze, look at

tiwdi

noun. alphabet

tui

noun. a sprout, bud

tuia-

verb. to swell

tuiw

noun. a sprout, bud

uireb

adjective. eternal

ínias

noun. annals

nedh-

prefix. in, inside, mid-

See also the preposition ned , and the noun ened for a discussion of this form

ha

pronoun. it

hana

pronoun. it

ang

noun. iron

aronoded

adjective. innumerable, countless, endless

dadben

adverb. inclined, prone (to do something)

dadbenn

adverb. inclined, prone (to do something)

ereb

adjective. isolated, lonely

gorf

noun. impetus, vigour

gorn

adjective. impetuous

hand

adjective. intelligent

hann

adjective. intelligent

heleg

noun. ice

naw

noun. idea

toll

noun. island, (steep) isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river

gwîn

noun. wine, vine

The wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and a place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin, there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself

o

preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)

According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

*tlāta

adjective. sloping

ON. sloping

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

glaer

noun. long lay, narrative poem

Written glær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies, rectified here according to VT/45:15

gwaloth

noun. blossom, collection of flowers

This form replaced deleted goloth in the manuscript of The Etymologies, see VT/45:29. The deleted form is however also later attested in VT/42:18

heltha-

verb. to strip

The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14

lhebed

noun. finger

Tolkien later seems to have replaced this form by leber

lhoth

noun. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers

The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg

lhûn

adjective. (unknown meaning)

This word, which also appears on the map of Middle-earth in LotR, is glossed as "blue" in The Etymologies, but Tolkien later rejected this meaning (as luin was already used in that sense). He then proposed several explanations for it, including the possible adaptation of a Dwarvish name into Sindarin, but he apparently never reached a definitive solution.

mereth

noun. feast, festival

The word was changed to bereth in the Etymologies, but was never changed in the texts (cf. Mereth Aderthad and the compound Merethrond)

rhas

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

The form rhaes in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:10

salff

noun. broth, liquid food, soup

The form salf in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45:12

sarn

noun. stone (as a material)

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

taer

adjective. straight

Written tær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies, rectified here according to VT/46:18 (which also lists the ligature)

taur

noun. king (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes)

In LotR/IV:IV, Frodo is called Daur, which might be the mutated form of this word

thand

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Misreading thenid, thenin rectified according to VT/46:16

thann

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Misreading thenid, thenin rectified according to VT/46:16

tlaud

adjective. sloping

sloping

adel

preposition. behind, in rear (of)

dadben

adverb/adjective. downhill, inclined, prone, downhill, inclined, prone; [ᴱN.] (figuratively) easy-going, easy, not arduous

adab

noun. building, house

aglar

noun. glory, brilliance, splendour

aran

noun. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)

balan

noun. Vala, divine power, divinity

bronad

gerund noun. survival

cant

noun. outline, shape

cared

gerund noun. making, doing

ceber

noun. stake, spike, stone ridge

cram

noun. cake of compressed flour or meal (often containing honey and milk)

cramb

noun. cake of compressed flour or meal (often containing honey and milk)

dalath

noun. flat land, plain, (wide) valley

echad-

verb. to fashion, make

gwanur

noun. a pair of twins

gwanur

noun. brother or kinsman, kinswoman

haudh

noun. (burial) mound, grave, tomb

lhand

adjective. wide, broad

lhann

adjective. wide, broad

lhaw

noun. ears (referring to one person's pair of ears only)

mellon

noun. friend

na

preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)

naur

noun. fire

pân

noun. plank, fixed board (especially in floor)

rath

noun. course, riverbed

rath

noun. street (in a city)

rhofal

noun. pinion, great wing (of eagle)

rhofan

noun. wilderness

ad-

prefix. back, again, re-

adel

preposition. behind, in rear (of)

alag

adjective. rushing, impetuous

alagos

noun. storm of wind

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

an-

prefix. with, by

angol

noun. deep lore, magic

angren

adjective. of iron

angwedh

noun. chain

anna-

verb. to give

ar-

prefix. etym. beside

ar-

prefix. without

ascar

adjective. violent, rushing, impetuous

asgar

adjective. violent, rushing, impetuous

ath-

prefix. on both sides, across

athrad

noun. (river-)crossing, ford, way

atland

adjective. sloping, tilted

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

band

noun. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping

bann

noun. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping

bara

adjective. fiery

bellas

noun. bodily strength

bess

noun. wife

blab-

verb. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.)

brassen

adjective. white-hot

breged

noun. violence, suddenness

bregol

adjective. violent, sudden, fierce

bregolas

noun. fierceness

brethel

noun. beech, beech-tree, silver birch

brona-

verb. to last, to survive

brûn

adjective. old, that has long endured, or been established, or in use

cael

noun. lying in bed, sickness

calad

gerund noun. light

cannas

noun. shaping

car

noun. house, building

cardh

noun. house, building

cef

noun. soil

celeb

noun. silver

celebren

adjective. like silver (in hue or worth)

celefn

adjective. of silver

celevon

adjective. of silver

celon

noun. river

celw

noun. spring, source

cerch

noun. sickle

chwîn

noun. giddiness, faintness

corw

adjective. cunning, wily

coth

noun. enmity

cunn

noun. prince

curu

noun. craft, skill

curw

noun. craft, skill

cîl

noun. cleft, pass between hills, gorge

dadben

adverb. downhill, inclined

dadbenn

adverb. downhill, inclined

dangen

noun. slain

dar-

verb. to stay, wait, stop, remain

dartha-

verb. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain

dath

noun. hole, pit, steep fall, abyss

daug

noun. warrior, soldier (chiefly used of Orcs)

del

noun. fear, disgust, loathing, horror

delos

noun. abhorrence, detestation, loathing

deloth

noun. abhorrence, detestation, loathing

doer

noun. bridegroom

drambor

noun. clenched fist

drambor

noun. blow (with fist)

dâf

noun. permission

dîl

noun. stopper, stopping, stuffing

dîn

noun. opening, gap, pass in mountains

dîr

noun. man, referring to an adult male (elf, mortal, or of any other speaking race)

dîs

noun. bride

dôl

noun. hill or mountain

dúath

noun. nightshade

dúwath

noun. nightshade

ecthel

noun. point (of spear)

eden

adjective. new, begun again

egledh-

verb. to go into exile

egledhron

noun. exile (person who is exiled)

egnas

noun. sharp point

egthel

noun. point (of spear)

ephel

noun. outer fence, encircling fence

ercha-

verb. to prick

flaew

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

floss

noun. whisper or rustling sound

gador

noun. prison, dungeon

gadr

noun. prison, dungeon

gael

adjective. pale, glimmering

gal-

prefix. light

gammas

noun. s-sign (special sign used to mark a final -s in Tengwar)

gaud

noun. device, contrivance, machine

gaw

noun. void

gawad

gerund noun. howling

gell

noun. joy, triumph

gellam

noun. jubilation

gem

adjective. sickly

gemb

adjective. sickly

glaur

noun. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin)

glaw

noun. radiance

glawar

noun. sunlight, radiance (of the golden tree Laurelin)

glor-

noun. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin)

gobel

noun. walled house or village, town

gobennas

noun. history

goll

adjective. wise

gollor

noun. magician

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golwen

adjective. wise, learned in deep arts

gosta-

verb. to fear exceedingly

gwa-

prefix. together (only in old compounds, the living form is go-)

gwador

noun. brother (especially used of those not brothers by blood, but sworn brothers or associates)

gwaew

noun. wind

gwanath

noun. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract)

gwanna-

verb. to depart, die

gwanw

noun. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract)

gwass

noun. stain

gwath

noun. shade, shadow, dim light

gwath

noun. stain

gwatha-

verb. to soil, stain

gwedh-

verb. to bind

gwelw

noun. air (as substance)

gwelwen

noun. air, lower air (distinct from the upper air of the stars, or the outer)

gwend

noun. bond, friendship

gwend

noun. maiden

gweneth

noun. virginity

gwenn

noun. maiden

gûl

noun. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things)

gûl

noun. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy

hadlath

noun. sling

haf-

verb. to sit

haglath

noun. sling

hal-

verb. to lift

ham

noun. (?) chair

hammad

gerund noun. clothing

hannas

noun. understanding, intelligence

helch

noun. bitter cold

hent

noun. the two eyes (referring to one person's eyes)

herves

noun. wife

hervess

noun. wife

hmael

noun/adjective. stain

hmael

noun/adjective. stained

hmaw

noun. soil, stain

horn

adjective. driven under compulsion, impelled

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

hâl

noun. fish

hûl

noun. cry of encouragement in battle

hûn

noun. heart (physical)

lhach

noun. (leaping) flame

lhaf-

verb. to lick

lham

noun. physical tongue

lhamb

noun. physical tongue

lhathra-

verb. to listen in, eavesdrop

lhathrada-

verb. to listen in, eavesdrop

lhonn

noun. narrow path or strait

lhorn

noun. quiet water

lhothod

noun. (single) flower

lhâf

verb. (he) licks

lond

noun. narrow path or strait

lonn

noun. narrow path or strait

lothod

noun. (single) flower

mael

noun/adjective. stain

mael

noun/adjective. stained

maer

adjective. useful, fit, good (of things)

maeth

noun. battle, fight (not of general host but of two or a few)

maetha-

verb. to fight

maethor

noun. warrior

manadh

noun. doom, final end, fate, fortune

manadh

noun. final bliss

maw

noun. soil, stain

ment

noun. point

methen

adjective. end, final

muda-

verb. to labour, toil

mân

noun. departed spirit

mîl

noun. love, affection

mîr

noun. jewel, precious thing, treasure

mîw

adjective. small, tiny, frail

môr

noun. darkness, dark, night

nad

noun. thing

naeg

noun. pain

nag-

verb. to bite

nand

noun. wide grassland, land at foot of hills with many streams

nann

noun. wide grassland, land at foot of hills with many streams

narn

noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end

nasta-

verb. to prick, point, stick, thrust

nautha-

verb. to conceive

negra-

verb. to pain

nelladel

noun. ringing of bells

nen

noun. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river)

nestag-

verb. to insert, stick in

noen

adjective. wise, sensible

nud-

verb. to tie, bind

ortha-

verb. to raise

pann

adjective. wide

pannod

verb. to fill

pathra-

verb. to fill

paur

noun. fist (often used to mean "hand", its chief use was in reference of the tighly closed hand, as in using an implement or a craft-tool, rather than to the fist used in punching)

paw

noun. sickness

pel

noun. fenced field (= Old English tún)

pelthaes

noun. pivot

pend

noun. declivity, slope

peng

noun. bow (for shooting)

penn

noun. declivity, slope

pennas

noun. history, historical account

per-

prefix. half, divided in middle

pesseg

noun. pillow

post

noun. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite

presta-

verb. to affect, trouble, disturb

prestanneth

noun. affection of vowels, mutation

pôd

noun. animal's foot

rada-

verb. to make a way, find a way

rant

noun. lode, vein

rant

noun. course, riverbed

rhafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.

rhasg

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

rhass

noun. precipice

rhaug

noun. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon

rhaw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

rhaw

noun. lion

rhenn

adjective. circular

rhess

noun. ravine

rhond

noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed

rhonn

noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed

rhoss

noun. rain

roch

noun. horse, swift horse for riding

rîdh

noun. sown field, acre

saew

noun. poison

sarnas

noun. cairn, pile of stones

sautha-

verb. to drain

saw

noun. juice

sell

noun. girl, maid (child)

sog-

verb. to drink

solch

noun. root (especially as edible)

síla

verb. (he) shines white

síla-

verb. to shine white

sîr

noun. river

sôg

verb. (he) drinks

tachl

noun. pin, brooch

tachol

noun. pin, brooch

taen

noun. height, summit of high mountain

taen

adjective. long (and thin)

taes

noun. nail

taetha-

verb. to fasten, tie

talad

noun. an incline, slope

talt

adjective. slipping, falling, insecure

tanc

adjective. firm

tang

noun. bowstring

tangada-

verb. to make firm, confirm, establish

tarag

noun. steep mountain peak

tathor

noun. willow-tree

tathren

adjective. of willow, having willows

tele

noun. end, rear, hindmost part

telu

noun. dome, high roof

ters

noun. (fine pierced) hole

tess

noun. (fine pierced) hole

thanc

adjective. cleft, split, forked

thela

noun. point (of spear)

thlaew

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

thloew

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

thloss

noun. whisper or rustling sound

thross

noun. whisper or rustling sound

thâr

noun. stiff grass

thîn

noun. evening

tlaud

adjective. sloping

tog-

verb. to lead, bring

torech

noun. hole, excavation, lair

tortha-

verb. to wield, control

toss

noun. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.)

trîw

adjective. fine, slender

tum

noun. deep valley, under or among hills

tund

noun. hill, mound

tunn

noun. hill, mound

tê

noun. line, way

tî

noun. line, row

tîr

adjective. straight, right

tôg

verb. (he) leads, brings

tû

noun. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength

tûr

noun. mastery, victory

um

adjective. bad, evil

ungol

noun. spider

âr

noun. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)

îr

noun. sexual desire

ûr

noun. fire, heat

ûr

noun. wide

lhoss

noun. wilderness

al-

prefix. no, not

@@@ the phrase “the only place in Noldorin where the primitive prefix is preserved” was deleted (EtyAC/AR²)

neledh-

verb. to enter

Hammond and Scull apparently understand this word as a derivative of neledh "three", hence their translation neledh neledhi "three by three". However, we have shown in Hiswelókë (third issue, pp. 74-78) that this word is conceivably a verb derived from LED "to go". The prefix ne- also occurs in nestegi "to insert, stick in"

blâb

verb. (he) flaps, beats

The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb

coe

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

damma-

verb. to hammer

It was long considered that damna-, dammint in the Etymologies might have been misreadings. VT/45:37 confirms this, though the exact reading actually remains rather uncertain

dant-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies

haedh

noun. heap

heap, piled mound

hamma-

verb. to clothe

The form hamnia- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:21

magl

noun. sword

The word megil (q.v.), probably introduced by the Ñoldor, was also used

magol

noun. sword

The word megil (q.v.), probably introduced by the Ñoldor, was also used

sarn

noun. small stone

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

tegl

noun. pen

It is stated in PM/318 that " tegil was a Sindarized form of Quenya tekil "pen", not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor". It must be assumed therefore that tegol was either rejected by Tolkien, or that it may perhaps have been considered as a dialectal variant. For a similar case where both a true Sindarin/Noldorin word and a Sindarized form conceivably coexist, see magol and megil "sword" (it is unlikely that weapons were not known to the Sindar before the coming of the Ñoldor)

tegol

noun. pen

It is stated in PM/318 that " tegil was a Sindarized form of Quenya tekil "pen", not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor". It must be assumed therefore that tegol was either rejected by Tolkien, or that it may perhaps have been considered as a dialectal variant. For a similar case where both a true Sindarin/Noldorin word and a Sindarized form conceivably coexist, see magol and megil "sword" (it is unlikely that weapons were not known to the Sindar before the coming of the Ñoldor)

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

tôr

noun. brother

The word muindor is more usual

ar

conjunction. and

a

conjunction. and

adar

noun. father

agor

adjective. narrow

borth

?. [unglossed]

adar

noun. father

annûn

noun. west, sunset

cen-

verb. to see

dalath

noun. flat surface, plane

daro

verb. halt! stop!

doll

adjective. dark, dusky, obscure

dolt

adjective. dark, dusky, obscure

edro

verb. open!

hên

noun. eye

mallen

adjective. of gold, golden

malt

noun. gold (as metal)

malthen

adjective. of gold, golden

mâl

noun. pollen, yellow powder

na

preposition. to, towards, at

naur

noun. flame

peth

noun. word

salab

noun. herb

talaf

noun. ground, floor

thôr

noun. eagle

tâl

noun. foot

Ídh

noun. Rest

Rest

Anor

noun. sun

ada

noun. father, daddy

aes

noun. cooked food, meat

aglar

noun. splendour

splendour, glory

agor

adjective. narrow

agr

adjective. narrow

al-

prefix. no, not

amar

noun. earth

ambar

noun. earth

amlug

noun. dragon

ammarth

noun. doom

doom

anc

noun. jaw, row of teeth

ann

adjective. long

athrada-

verb. to cross, traverse

atlanna-

verb. to slope, slant

auth

noun. war, battle

awartha-

verb. to forsake, abandon

bachor

noun. pedlar

badhor

noun. judge

badhron

noun. judge

balch

adjective. cruel

banga-

verb. to trade

bara

adjective. eager

barad

noun. tower, fortress

baradh

adjective. steep

bartha-

verb. to doom

basgorn

noun. loaf (of bread)

bast

noun. bread

batha-

verb. to trample

baugla-

verb. to oppress

baul

noun. torment

baur

noun. need

benn

noun. man, male

bennas

noun. angle, corner

bereth

noun. queen, spouse

bess

noun. (young) woman

both

noun. puddle, small pool

brannon

noun. lord

brôg

noun. bear

bund

noun. snout, nose

bund

noun. cape (of land)

bunn

noun. snout, nose

bunn

noun. cape (of land)

bâd

noun. beaten track, pathway

cabor

noun. frog

cabr

noun. frog

caer

cardinal. ten

calen

adjective. green

calf

noun. water-vessel

callon

noun. hero

cam

noun. hand

camb

noun. hand

camland

noun. palm of hand

camm

noun. hand

canad

cardinal. four

canath

cardinal. four

carch

noun. tooth, fang

cardh

noun. deed, feat

carth

noun. deed, feat

caun

noun. valour

caw

noun. top

cennan

noun. potter

chwand

noun. sponge, fungus

chwann

noun. sponge, fungus

claur

noun. splendour, glory

coen

?. [unglossed]

corch

noun. crow

corn

adjective. round, globed

coron

noun. globe, ball

coron

noun. mound

cost

noun. quarrel

coth

noun. enemy

crom

noun. left

crum

noun. left hand

cugu

noun. dove

cum

noun. mound, heap

cumb

noun. mound, heap

côl

noun. gold (metal)

cúran

noun. the crescent Moon

cû

noun. arch, crescent

cû

noun. bow

dad

adverb. down, downwards

dae

noun. shadow

daedelu

noun. canopy

daen

noun. corpse

dag-

verb. to slay

dagor

noun. battle

dagr

noun. battle

dagra-

verb. to battle

dalf

noun. palm of hand

dalw

adjective. flat

dam

noun. hammer

dess

noun. young woman

dolt

noun. round knob, boss

dolt

adjective. obscure

dortha-

verb. to dwell, stay

draf-

verb. to hew

drafn

noun. hewn log

dramb

noun. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.)

dramm

noun. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.)

draug

noun. wolf

dî

noun. woman, lady

dôl

noun. head

dúath

noun. darkness, shadow

dúwath

noun. darkness, shadow

dûn

noun. west

dûr

adjective. dark, sombre

edhel

noun. Elf

edonna-

verb. to beget

edra-

verb. to open

egnas

noun. peak

elw

adjective. (pale) blue

ereg

noun. holly-tree, thorn

eregdos

noun. holly, holly-tree

esgar

noun. shore

falathren

noun/adjective. of the shore

falathren

noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)

fara-

verb. to hunt

fela

noun. cave

foeg

adjective. mean, poor, bad

forod

noun. north

forven

noun. north

fêr

noun. beech-tree

gad-

verb. to catch

gala-

verb. to grow

galadh

noun. tree

galas

noun. growth, plant

gamp

noun. hook, claw, crook

ganna-

verb. to play a harp

gannada-

verb. to play a harp

gar-

verb. to hold, have

garaf

noun. wolf

garn

noun. own, property

gas

noun. hole, gap

gath

noun. cavern

gathrod

noun. cave

gaul

noun. wolf-howl

gaur

noun. werewolf

gaw-

verb. to howl

glaew

noun. salve

glambr

noun. echo

glamor

noun. echo

glas

noun. joy

glass

noun. joy

glavra-

verb. to babble

glî

noun. honey

glîr

noun. song, poem, lay

glûdh

noun. soap

go-

prefix. together

gonathra-

verb. to entangle, enmesh

gonathras

noun. entanglement

gondrafn

noun. hewn stone

gondram

noun. hewn stone

gonn

noun. great stone, rock

gonod-

verb. to count, count up, reckon, sum up

goroth

noun. horror

gowest

noun. contract, compact, treaty

grond

noun. club

guruth

noun. death

gwaedh

noun. bond, troth, compact, oath

gwann

adjective. departed, dead

gwanod

noun. tale, number

gwarth

noun. betrayer

gwastar

noun. hummock

gwaun

noun. goose

gwedh

noun. bond

gwest

noun. oath

gwesta-

verb. to swear

gwî

noun. net, web

gûr

noun. death

hab-

verb. to clothe

had-

verb. to hurl

hador

noun. thrower (of spears and darts)

hadron

noun. thrower (of spears and darts)

half

noun. seashell

haltha-

verb. to screen

hamp

noun. garment

hargam

noun. left-handed

harn

noun. helmet

hast

noun. axe-stroke

haust

noun. bed

he

pronoun. she

heleth

noun. fur, fur-coat

helf

noun. fur

hen

pronoun. she

hene

pronoun. she

heron

noun. master

herth

noun. household, troop under a "hîr" (master, lord)

herven

noun. husband

hervenn

noun. husband

ho

pronoun. he

hon

pronoun. he

hono

pronoun. he

hortha-

verb. to urge on, speed

host

noun. gross (144)

hwand

noun. sponge, fungus

hâdh

noun. (?) cleaver

hîr

noun. master, lord

hû

noun. dog

hûb

noun. haven, harbour, small land-locked bay

hûd

noun. assembly

lhaden

adjective. open, cleared

lhae

noun. great number

lhaer

noun. song, long lay

lhaes

noun. babe

lhammas

noun. account of tongues

lhass

noun. leaf

lhoda-

verb. to float

lhong

adjective. heavy

lhonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lhorn

noun. anchorage, harbour

lhum

noun. shade

lhîn

noun. pool

lhîr

noun. row, range

lhîr

noun. song, poem, lay

lhôd

verb. (he) floats

lobor

noun. horse

lond

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

mad-

verb. to eat

maenas

noun. craft

maew

noun. gull

malen

adjective. yellow

maur

noun. gloom

mel-

verb. to love

meleth

noun. love

melethron

noun. lover

mell

adjective. dear

meth

noun. end

moeas

noun. dough

moel

noun. lust

morn

adjective. black, dark

mîdh

noun. dew

mûl

noun. slave, thrall

mō

noun. hand

ON. hand

naew

noun. jaw

naglath

noun. the teeth

nagol

noun. tooth

nana

noun. mother, mummy

nand

noun. valley

naneth

noun. mother

nann

noun. valley

nara-

verb. to tell

nass

noun. angle or corner

nath

noun. web

naud

adjective. bound

nauth

noun. thought

neleg

noun. tooth

nell

noun. bell

nella-

verb. to sound (of bells)

nem

noun. nose

nemb

noun. nose

nen

noun. waterland

nesta-

verb. to heal

neth

adjective. young

nêl

noun. tooth

nûr

adjective. deep

oear

noun. sea

oer

noun. sea

ofr

adjective. abundant

ogol < ogl

gloom

n/adj gloom, gloomy

oltha-

verb. to dream

orn

noun. (any large) tree

orthel-

verb. to roof, screen above

orthor

verb. (he) masters, conquers

orthor-

verb. to master, conquer

osgar

verb. (he) cuts, amputates

osgar-

verb. to cut round, to amputate

ostrad

noun. street

othlon

noun. paved way

othlond

noun. paved way

ovor

adjective. abundant

ovr

adjective. abundant

ovra-

verb. to abound

ovras

noun. crowd, heap.

palath

noun. surface

panas

noun. floor

pann

noun. courtyard

panna-

verb. to open, to enlarge

pant

adjective. full

parf

noun. book

path

adjective. smooth

pathred

noun. fullness

pathw

noun. level space, sward

peg

noun. small spot, dot

pent

noun. tale

pethron

noun. narrator

rham

noun. wall

rhamb

noun. wall

rhanc

noun. arm

rhaud

noun. metal

rhedh-

verb. to sow

rhest

noun. cut

rhom

noun. horn, trumpet

rhomru

noun. sound of horns

rhond

noun. cave roof

rhonn

noun. cave roof

rhî

noun. crown, wreath, garland

rhîf

noun. edge, hem, border

rhîn

noun/adjective. crowned

rhîn

noun/adjective. crowned lady, queen

rhîs

noun. queen

rhû

noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound

rhŷn

noun. "chaser", hound of chase

râd

noun. path, track

sell

noun. daughter

sîdh

noun. peace

sûl

noun. goblet

sûth

noun. draught

tachol < tachl

noun. clasp

clasp, brooch

taew

noun. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple

talagand

noun. harper

tamma-

verb. to knock

tankla

noun. clasp

ON. clasp, brooch

tarag

noun. horn

tars

noun. labour, task

tass

noun. labour, task

taur

noun. great wood, forest

taus

noun. thatch

taw

adjective. of wool, woollen

telch

noun. stem

tham

noun. hall

thamas

noun. great hall

thamb

noun. hall

thambas

noun. great hall

thar-

prefix. across, athwart, over, beyond

thent

adjective. short

thora-

verb. to fence

thoron

noun. eagle

thûl

noun. breath

toba-

verb. to cover, roof over

tol-

verb. to come

toltha-

verb. to fetch, summon, make come

trasta-

verb. to harass, trouble

trenar-

verb. to recount, to tell to end

trenarn

noun. account, tale

trevad-

verb. to traverse

tulu

noun. support, prop

tump

noun. hump

êg

noun. thorn

în

noun. year

ôl

noun. dream

ûn

noun. creature

gwîn

adjective. young