lá

interjection. (?please)

lá

adverb. no, not

láqallume

adverb. láqallume

lat-

verb. to be extended, stretch; to be situated (of an area), lie (of lands or regions), to be extended, stretch, [ᴱQ.] spread, extend; [ᴹQ.] to be situated (of an area), lie (of lands or regions)

A verb meaning “be extended, stretch, be situated (of an area)” appearing in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 based on the root ᴹ√LAT of similar meaning (PE22/126). Tolkien also said that “kaita- to lie is in Q. only used of persons or animals that are lying down (as in bed, asleep or sick). ‘Lie’ said of land or regions is √LAT” (PE22/126).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. lāta- “spread, extend, lie (of country)” under the early root ᴱ√LAHA (QL/50).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings caita- was applied to some inanimate things, such as mornië caita “darkness lies” (RGEO/59), so I would assume the statement from QVS given above applies only to flat geographical features like regions or seas. Note that other geographic features either “sit” if short (cities or hills) or “stand” if tall (towers or mountains) (PE22/126), so I would not use caita- to describe any geography.

I would also assume lat- can apply to non-geographical things in the senses “extend, stretch, spread”.

landa

noun. plain

A noun for “a plain” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the 1940s derived from ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” with variants landa and lanna (PE22/126), the latter probably derived from ✱ladna with the voiced stop d becoming a nasal before nasal n. It might simply be the noun form of adjective ᴹQ. landa “wide” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LAD).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the form landa, which appears in an inflected form landannar “to the plains” early in QVS (PE22/125).

lasse

noun. leaf

lár

noun. ear

lára

adjective. flat

lá-

verb. to not be

lanna

noun. plain

lár-

verb. to happen

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing in its aorist form láre “happen” under the root ᴹ√LAR/LAS having to do with luck and fortune, but this entire entry was marked through and replaced with a new root ᴹ√LAR “rich, fat” (EtyAC/LAR).

lárea

adjective. fat, rich

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fat, rich”, the adjectival form of ᴹQ. lar under the root ᴹ√LAR “rich, fat” (EtyAC/LAR).

Conceptual Development: When this entry was first written, root forms were ᴹ√LAR/LAS, this word had two forms lára and lárea, and its gloss was “blessed” (EtyAC/LAR). When Tolkien updated this root to be “fat, rich” he seems to have restored the early root ᴱ√LARA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s whose derivatives also had to do with “fat” (QL/51). As such, the 1930s word lárea “fat, rich” seems to be a later iteration of ᴱQ. {larda >>} laruke “fat, rich” from this 1910s root.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes Neo-Quenya, I would use this word to refer to the rich taste of food, especially richness as derived from fat (including from substances like butter or even vegetable fats), such as “this soup is rich (tastes good because of fats)” = sina sulpa lárëa (ná). For “fatty” of actual flesh or meat I would instead use ᴺQ. larmëa.

lar

noun. fat, riches [richness?], fat, richness, riches

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fat, riches” derived from the root ᴹ√LAR “rich, fat” (EtyAC/LAR). In their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies, Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne suggest that the gloss “riches” was perhaps intended to be “richness” since another word ᴹQ. larma in the same entry was originally glossed “fat, richness” before being revised to “(pig?)-fat, flesh”.

Conceptual Development: When this entry was first written, the root forms were ᴹ√LAR/LAS and the gloss of lar was “Fortune (good), prosperity, Bliss” (EtyAC/LAR). When Tolkien updated this root to be “fat, rich” he seems to have restored the early root ᴱ√LARA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s whose derivatives also had to do with “fat” (QL/51).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use this word to refer to fat (fattiness) or richness in the taste of food as in “the richness (lar) of the soup”. I would use ᴹQ. larma to refer to specific piece of fat within flesh as in “cut the fat (larma) from the meat”.

lára

noun. grave

A rejected noun for “grave” in a deleted entry in The Etymologies written around 1937 for the root ᴹ√DAG “dig” (EtyAC/DAG).

Conceptual Development: There was a word ᴱQ. kaune “grave” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√KAVA which also meant “dig” (QL/45; PME/45). In the first version of the ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya poem and its drafts written around 1930, Tolkien used ᴱQ. sapsa or sapta for “grave” (MC/221; PE16/75), a word that is clearly based on another root meaning “dig”: ᴱ√SAPA.

Neo-Quenya: Since √SAP appeared in Tolkien’s later writings with the same or similar meaning (PE19/86), I’d adapted ᴺQ. sapta for “grave”, along with the meaning “(delved) hole, pit”; see that entry for discussion.

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

lav-

verb. to lick

láma

noun. ringing sound, echo; sound

lámina

adjective. echoing

la-

prefix. no, none, not any

lam-

verb. to call [out to]

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

lálan

adverb. at no time

lamma

noun. sound

lanta-

verb. to fall

lalanna

adverb. *to nowhere

lalasse

adverb. nowhere

lalme

noun. elm-tree

lálane

pronoun. nobody, nothing (no thing), no one

lálar

adverb. *on no day

lálima

pronoun. of no sort

lámaqenta

proper name. Account of Sounds

lámasampane

proper name. Combination of Sounds

láqane

pronoun. nobody at all

alama

noun. [unglossed]

allanome(s)

adverb. *no place

A correlative combination appearing as {láqa(n)nome >>} allanome(s) in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112 and note #143), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and ᴹQ. nome “place”.

(a)láqainen

adverb. by no means

A correlative combination appearing as {láqainen >>} ᴹQ. (a)láqainen “by no means” in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. láqa “none” and the instrumental suffix ᴹQ. -nen.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. allanen “by no means” using later ᴹQ. alla “none”, also from DRC.

(a)láqalde

adverb. in no way, by no method, nohow

A correlative combination appearing as {láqalde >>} ᴹQ. (a)láqalde “in no way, by no method, nohow” in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. láqa “none” and ᴹQ. -l(de) “way”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. allë “in no way” using later ᴹQ. alla “none” also from DRC, along with the later suffix -llë.

alla

none, nothing, none, nothing, *no [adj.]

A negative adjective appearing as {(a)láqa >>} alla in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/105 note #67), so probably meaning “✱no” as in alla Elda pole quete “no Elf can say”. It can also be used pronominally to mean “nothing”, and for this function it has a variant lála (PE23/104). For example: merin alla “I want nothing”, or merin alla sino “I want none of this”.

allane

pronoun. nobody, nothing (no thing), no one

The correlative combinations ᴹQ. {aláqe, lāqe >>} alle, allane “nobody, nothing, no one” appeared Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/103 and note #41), proniminal forms of ᴹQ. alla “none”. There was also an archaic variant form †lálane and a more elaborate form ᴹQ. láqane “nobody, at all”. Drafts has laqe “nobody” in the phrase ᴹQ. tasse ni·kenne laqe imma “there I saw nobody whatsoever” (PE23/101-102 note #36).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would use ᴺQ. alquen for “nobody, no one”, inspired by Q. ilquen “everbody”. Other neologisms for “nobody” include ᴺQ. alaquen from the NQW and ᴺQ. úquen from ABNW (ABNW) from the early 2000s. For “nothing” I would just use ᴹQ. alla.

allanima

adjective. of no sort, of no kind

The correlative combination ᴹQ. {aláqima >>} allanima or lálima “of no sort” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/107 and note #88), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and ᴹQ. -ima “sort”. Drafts had láqima “of no kind” (PE23/106 note #80).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. alaitë “of no kind, of no sort” using the later suffix -itë.

allanna

adverb. *to nowhere

A correlative combination appearing as {láqanna >>} allanna or lalanna in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112 and note #145), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and the allative suffix ᴹQ. -nna.

allaro

adverb. *for no reason

A correlative combination appearing as {láqaro >>} allaro in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112 and note #149), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.

allasse

adverb. nowhere

A correlative combination appearing as {láqas(se), aláqas >>} lalasse, allasse, alas “nowhere” in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111 and note #139), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and the locative suffix ᴹQ. -sse.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would just use allasse “nowhere”.

allana

none at all

A more emphatic variant of ᴹQ. alla “none” (PE23/105 note #67).

nalláma

noun. echo

(a)láqandon

adverb. *like nothing

sóla

?. [unglossed]

alalme

noun. elm-tree

ala

noun. day

allan(an)

adverb. never, at no time

alaryas

adverb. *on no day

alas

adverb. nowhere

allanan

adverb. at no time

all(an)ar

adverb. *on no day

The correlative combination ᴹQ. {(a)láqanar >>} allanar or allar appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 along with variants lálar and {láqanaryas >>} alaryas (PE23/109 and note #114), basically combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and ᴹQ. -ar(yas) “days”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. alaurë “on no day” using later aurë for “day”.

panta

adjective. open, open, [ᴱQ.] wide, spreading

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶pantā “open” under the root ᴹ√PAT (Ety/PAT).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. panta “open, wide, spreading” under the early root ᴱ√PATA² or PṆTṆ “open, spread out, show” (QL/72).

il-

prefix. no, not

allume

adverb. at no date, *never

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

are

noun. day

engwa

?. [unglossed]

esse

noun. name

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

mána

adjective. blessed

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

nerno

?. [unglossed]

ninqe

adjective. white

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

rampa

?. [unglossed]

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

séra

?. [unglossed]

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

almárea

adjective. blessed

a

preposition. [unglossed]

alle

pronoun. nobody, nothing (no thing), no one

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

niule

?. [unglossed]

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

tante

noun. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

éma

?. [unglossed]