lar

root. rich, fat

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “rich, fat” (EtyAC/LAR), a later iteration of the root ᴱ√LARA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s which had derivatives like ᴱQ. laru “fat, grease” and ᴱQ. laruke “fat, rich” (QL/51). The 1930s root includes the derivative ᴹQ. larma “[?pig-]fat, flesh” so it likewise seems to refer to fatty flesh and rich food, but in the 1930s it replaced a deleted entry with both ᴹ√LAR and ᴹ√LAS whose derivatives had glosses connected to blessedness and luck (EtyAC/LAR), so it seems Tolkien was vacillating somewhat on the meaning of this root.

lakra

adjective. swift, rapid

alat

root. large, great in size

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “large, great in size” with only two derivatives: the adjective ᴹQ. alta of the same meaning, and ᴹQ. Alataire “Great Sea” (Ety/ÁLAT), the Quenya equivalent (but not direct cognate) of S./N. Belegaer/Belegoer. The Quenya name appears nowhere else other than The Etymologies. There are quite a few words in Tolkien’s later writings that also mean “great, large”, but there is nothing that directly contradicts the continued validity of this root either.

buzbō

noun. large fly

spinē

noun. larch

rim

root. abound; large number

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “abound” with derivatives such as ᴹQ. rimbe/N. rhim “crowd, host” (Ety/RIM). A likely precursor to this root appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as ᴱ√‘(A)ṚM(A)R and ᴱ√‘ṚMṚ with a Gnomish form ᴱ√grimri· (QL/32), indicating the actual primitive form was ✱ᴱ√ƷṚMṚ. Derivatives of this early root include ᴱQ. arm- “gather, collect” and G. grim “host, folk”, the last of these the likely precursor to N. rhim.

The root ᴹ√RIM also appeared in Primitive Quendian Structure: Final Consonants from 1936, glossed “host, large number” >> “number, plenty” (PE21/57). Quenya and Sindarin forms Q. rimbë and S. rim continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writing (Let/382; PE17/50; UT/318), so it is likely the root √RIM remained valid, especially given the prevalence of suffix -rim in Sindarin collective names.

buzbu

root. *large fly

daʒrā

adjective. great, large

ur

root. wide, large, great

In The Etymologies, this root originally had the sense ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but this entry was deleted and replaced with this root. In later writings, though, the sense “be hot” was restored to √UR, and likely this root and its derivatives were no longer valid.

li

root. many; large people

gonod

root. stone

The Elvish words for “stone” were established very early as Q. ondo and S. gond. In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave the root of these words as ᴱ√ONO “hard” with derivatives like ᴱQ. ondo “stone, rock” and ᴱQ. onin “anvil” (QL/70). But its Gnomish derivatives like G. gonn “stone” and G. gontha “pillar” (GL/41) indicate the actual root was ✱ᴱ√ƷONO, since initial ʒ > g in Gnomish.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root as ᴹ√GONOD or √GONDO “stone” with essentially the same Elvish forms: ᴹQ. ondo and N. gonn (Ety/GOND). The root itself did not appear in later writings, but Tolkien continued to state, with great frequency, that the primitive form of the word was ✶gondō (Let/410; PE17/28; PE18/106; PE21/81; PM/374; RC/347).

daʒ

root. great

dal

root. flat

kab-

verb. can, I can

kelun

noun. river

lak

root. swift

lāda

adjective. flat

patnā

adjective. wide

ub

root. abound

ubrā

adjective. abundant