lanc

adjective. naked

A word for “naked” in the name Amon Lanc “Naked Hill” (UT/280).

lanc

noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end

A Sindarin in notes from the late 1960s word equivalent to Q. lanka “sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end” derived from the root √(G)LAN “rim, edge, border, boundary” (VT42/8). See its Quenya equivalent for more information.

lanc

noun. naked

lanc

noun. throat

lanc

noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end (as a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built)

amon lanc

place name. Naked Hill

The hill upon which Dol Guldur was built, translated “Naked Hill” (UT/280). It is a combination of amon “hill” and lanc “naked”.

Amon Lanc

noun. naked hill

amon (“hill, steep-sided mount”), lanc (“naked”)

lanc

sudden end

lanc (sharp edge, sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath.

lanc

sudden end

lanc (sharp edge, sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”.

lanc

throat

lanc (neck), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

lanc

brink

1. lanc (sharp edge, sudden end), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”. 2) rhîf (brim), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. rhívath (VT46:11)

lanc

sharp edge

lanc (sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”.

lanc

sharp edge

lanc (sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”.

lanc

naked

(pl. lainc). Note: homophones means ”neck, throat” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

lanc

throat

(neck), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

lanc

neck

(throat), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

lanc

sudden end

(sharp edge, sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath.

lanc

sharp edge

(sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”.

lanc

brink

(sharp edge, sudden end), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”.

Amon Lanc

Naked Hill

Amon Lanc is a Sindarin name, consisting of amon ("hill") + lanc ("naked").

hell

naked

1. hell (lenited chell; pl. hill), 2) lanc (pl. lainc). Note: homophones means ”neck, throat” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

iaeth

neck

1. iaeth; no distinct pl. form. 2) lanc (throat), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

ach

noun. neck

n. neck, refeering properly to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat). 'geographical' form achad. Q. akas (later akse) pl. aksi. Fachad

ach

noun. neck, neck, *(upper) spine

A word for “neck” appearing in notes written around 1967, derived from primitive aks based on the root √AKAS “neck, ridge” (PE17/92), where the ks became ch (IPA [x]). Tolkien specified that it was “referring properly only to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat)”, so a more accurate translation might be “✱(upper) spine”. A more ordinary word for “neck” as a passage from mouth to the stomach and lungs would be lang.

achad

noun. neck (properly referring only to the bony vertebral part not including the throat)

achad

neck

n. neck, refeering properly to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat). This is a 'geographical' form, S. ach. Q. akas (later akse) pl. aksi. Fach, AchadTarlang

medui

adjective. end

adj. end, final, last. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'. m > v after preposition.

methed

noun. end

methed

noun. end

A word for “end” attested in later writings as an element in the names Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” (UT/153) and possibly Methedras “Last Peak” of the Misty Mountains (LotR/429; RC/366). The word methed is clearly a noun in the first name, but Methedras might actually be the adjective [N.] methen “end” + ras(s) “peak” with nr > dhr, since Tolkien sometimes represented dhr as dr in drafts of The Lord of the Rings. Compare draft [N.] Caradras vs. published Caradhras.

paran

adjective. naked

_ adj. _naked, bald, bare. Q. parne. >> baran, Dol Baran

parch

adjective. naked

_ adj. _naked, of persons. Q. parka.

rîw

noun. edge, hem, border

hell

naked

(lenited chell; pl. hill)

iaeth

neck

; no distinct pl. form.

manadh

final end

(i vanadh) (fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh).

meth

end

(noun) 1) meth (i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”. 2) (rear, hindmost part) tele (i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES). 3) ( maybe primarily ”last point in line; last of a series of items”) #methed (i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.

meth

end

(i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”.

methed

end

(i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.

methen

end

(adj.) methen (lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)

methen

end

(lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)

nass

sharp end

(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

rhîf

brink

(brim), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. rhívath (VT46:11)

rîw

edge

*rîw (construct riw) (hem, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

rîw

edge

(construct riw) (hem, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

tele

end

(i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES).

lhanc

noun. throat

lhanc

noun. throat

hell

adjective. naked

hell

adjective. naked, naked, *stripped

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “naked” and derived from primitive ᴹ✶skelnā under the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). This word was originally hall “naked” under an earlier but deleted form of the root ᴹ√SKAL (EtyAC/SKEL). The root ᴹ√SKEL was also the basis for the verb N. heltha- “to strip”, and its Quenya derivative ᴹQ. helda was at one point was glossed “stripped bare” (Ety/SKAL¹), so the word hell seems to mean “naked” in the sense “✱stripped (of clothing or other covering)”.

Conceptual Development: There are a couple of earlier “naked” words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s that seems to be similarly derived. G. dautha “naked, stripped” was related to daf- “to strip, flay” (GL/29) and G. hulc “naked” (GL/49) is like the cognate of ᴱQ. hulqa “naked” under the early root ᴱ√HULU “strip” (QL/41). In later writings, some “naked” words were derived from √PAR “peel” instead (PE17/86, 171).

iaeth

noun. neck

iaeth

noun. neck

A word for “neck” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶yakta- under the root ᴹ√YAK (Ety/KEM), where the primitive k spirantalized and vocalized to i and the resulting diphthong ai became ae, sound changes that remain plausible in Sindarin as well.

Conceptual Development: There was a similar word G. gath “neck” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s from primitive ᴱ✶yatt- (GL/36), with the Gnomish sound change of initial y to g.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use iaeth for “neck” as a joining between the head and torso, as opposed to lang as a passage from the mouth to stomach and lungs [including the “✱throat”] and S. ach referring the vertebrae in the neck [“✱(upper) spine”].

meth

noun. end

meth

noun. end

methen

adjective. end, final

rhîf

noun. edge, hem, border

tele

noun. end, rear, hindmost part

lanco

throat, swallow

lanco ("k")noun "throat, swallow" _(LAK1 , LANK). _Since this was changed by Tolkien from lango with stem *langu- and pl. langwi, it may be that lanco* should similarly have the stem lancu**- and pl. *lanqui.

lanca

noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end

A word for “sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end” in notes from the late 1960s derived from the root √(G)LAN “rim, edge, border, boundary” (VT42/8). Tolkien specified it could be used as:

> ... a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built, also used in transferred senses, as in kuivie-lankasse, literally “on the brink of life”, of a perilous situation in which one is likely to fall into death.

lango

throat

[lango (3) noun "throat"] (Tolkien also listed the plural form langwi_; in the _Etymologies as printed in LR, Christopher Tolkien improperly prefixed an asterisk as if it were an primitive or wrong form; see VT45:26. This indicates that lango has the stem-form *langu-. Compare ango "snake", stem #angu-, pl. angwi. But whatever the case, lango was changed to lanco.) (LANG, see LANK)

langon

throat

langon noun "throat" (MC:216; this is "Qenya", possibly an inflected form of lango #2 above but Tolkien changed it to lanco)

acas

neck

acas ("k") noun "neck" (the bony part of the neck, not including throat), pl. axi ("ks") (and so perhaps general stem-form ax-). Also sg. axë (said to be a "later" form apparently replacing acas). The word is also used geographically of rock ridges. (PE17:92)

acas

noun. neck

axo

noun. neck

axë

neck

axë ("ks")noun "neck" (the bony part of the neck, not including throat), pl. axi given. Also sg. acas (the alternative form axë is said to be "later" and seems to be an analogical back-formation from the pl. axi). The word is also used geographically of rock ridges. (PE17:92)

cimba

noun. edge, brink

halla

naked

[halla (2) adj. "naked" (VT46:14), changed by Tolkien to helda]

helda

naked, stripped bare

helda (1) adj. "naked, stripped bare" (SKEL, SKAL1)

lango

noun. neck, neck, [ᴹQ.] throat; [Q.] passages [that are] narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts, *corridor

A word for “neck” appearing in notes written around 1967, derived from primitive ✶langō < √LAƷA “cross, pass over, go beyond” (PE17/92). Its primitive form meant “a passage (physical), originally applied to any route or connecting link between two places or large objects, especially such as enabled one to cross or surmount an obstacle: such as a mountain-pass, a ridge of higher land across fen-land, an isthmus etc.” (PE17/91-92). This word was then “later applied to narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts, especially the ‘neck’ of men and animals”. The word lango “neck” also appeared in notes from 1965, but there it was derived from √LAG, as opposed to the then-distinct root for “beyond”: √LAŊ (PE17/65).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to 1920s, where ᴱQ. lango “neck” appeared in Early Qenya Word-lists (PE16/136). It was glossed “neck” in drafts of the ᴱQ. Earendel poem (PE16/100), and as “throat” in the poem itself (MC/216). ᴹQ. lango “throat” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/8), but in The Etymologies of the 1930s it was {lango >>} ᴹQ. lanko “throat” from the root ᴹ√LAK “swallow” (Ety/LANK). In later writings, Q. lango “neck” was restored (see above).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think lango can refer to both “neck” and “throat”, since its later derivation was from a word meaning “passage”, and hence refers to the passage from the mouth to the stomach and lungs. For the actual interior mechanism of the throat, however, I’d recommend the neologism ᴺQ. hlunco “pharynx, gullet” < ᴹ√SLUK “swallow”.

In a 2024-08-10 post in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Raccoon suggested lango can also apply more generally to any passages that are “narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts”, such as a “✱corridor”, consistent with Tolkien’s notes on PE17/92 (see above). See ᴺQ. terma “passage, aperture” for an alternative with a slightly different meaning.

marta-

verb. to chance

marta- (1) vb. "to chance" or *"happen" (QL:63), cf. mart- "it happens" (impersonal) (LT2:348 read marta-?). Another version assigns transitive meanings to the same verb: "to define, decree, destine" (with the last sense = martya-, q.v.), with a variant umbarta- "in more lofty senses" (PE17:104)

metta

end

metta noun "end"; Ambar-metta "world-end, the end of the world" (EO); mettarë *"end-day" = New Years' Eve in the Númenórean calendar and the Steward's Reckoning, not belonging to any month (Appendix D). The word Mettanyë, heading the final part of the poem The Trees of Kortirion, would seem to be related (LT1:43)

parca

naked

parca (2) ("k")adj. "naked", of persons (PE17:86)

réna

edge, border, margin

réna noun "edge, border, margin" (REG)

ríma

edge, hem, border

ríma noun "edge, hem, border" (RĪ)

tyel

end

tyel (1) noun "end", stem tyeld- as in the pl. form tyeldi (FS, KYEL; the pl. form tyeldi_ was misread as "tyelde" in the Etymologies as printed in LR; cf. VT45:25 for this correction)_. Cf. tyelma.

tyel-

verb. end, cease

tyel- (2) vb. "end, cease" (KYEL)

yat

neck

yat (yaht-) noun "neck" (YAK)

tel

noun. end

lanca

noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end