minna-

verb. to enter

di

preposition. in

ne-

prefix. in

A prefix for “in” implied by the verb N. nestag- “insert” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/STAK). It was probably derived from primitive ᴹ✶ndē̆- “in, inside” based on the root ᴹ√NĒ̆, but this root and its derivatives were deleted (EtyAC/NĒ̆).

Neo-Sindarin: Despite the deletion of its root, I think it is worth retaining ne- “in” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

nedh-

prefix. in, inside, mid-

See also the preposition ned , and the noun ened for a discussion of this form

neledh-

verb. to enter

Hammond and Scull apparently understand this word as a derivative of neledh "three", hence their translation neledh neledhi "three by three". However, we have shown in Hiswelókë (third issue, pp. 74-78) that this word is conceivably a verb derived from LED "to go". The prefix ne- also occurs in nestegi "to insert, stick in"

minna-

verb. to enter, go in

A Sindarin verb for “go in, enter” based on the root √MI “in” (PE17/41), most notably appearing in its imperative form minno in the phrase on the gate to Moria: pedo mellon a minno “speak, friend, and enter” (LotR/305).

Conceptual Development: The imperative (or possibly Noldorin-style infinitive) form N. minno “enter” appeared in a hastily-added note to The Etymologies of the 1930s for the root ᴹ√MĪ/IMI “in?” (MĪ/IMI). This note may have been added later, as Tolkien was working on The Lord of the Rings in the 1940s. The phrase N. pedo mellon a minno already had its final form in the first drawing of the Moria Gate from Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s (TI/182).

minna-

verb. to enter

minna-

verb. go in

_ v. _go in, enter. >> minno

min-

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

minno

verb. enter! (lit. to the inside!)

minna

enter

1. minna- (i vinna, i minnar), 2) neledh- (i neledh, i neledhir) (go in)

minna

enter

(i vinna, i minnar)

mi

preposition. in

The Sindarin word for “in” (PE23/133; VT50/5), equivalent to Q. mi of the same meaning. This preposition frequently appears in its mutated form vi (PE22/165; VT44/21; VT50/5), since Sindarin prepositions are typically mutated when appearing anywhere other than the beginning of a phrase.

mîn

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

ned

preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)

[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]

vi

preposition. in

vi

preposition. in

dî

in

unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

ne

in

ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129)

ne

in, inside

(prefix) (mid-)

neledh

enter

(i neledh, i neledhir) (go in)

neledh

go in

neledh- (i neledh, i neledhir) (enter)

neledh

go in

(i neledh, i neledhir) (enter)

vi

in

(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) dî, unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

vi

in

(VT44:23), with article vin

minna

to the inside, into

minna prep. "to the inside, into" (also mir) (MI); variant mina "into" (VT43:30), possibly occurring, compounded, in minasurie, q.v.

mina

into

mina prep. "into" (VT43:30); see minna

mina

preposition/adverb. into, into, [ᴹQ.] to the inside

An allative form of the preposition mi “in” and thus meaning “into”, appearing in notes associated with Quenya prayers of the 1950s (VT43/30).

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had ᴹQ. minna “to the inside, into” under the root ᴹ√MI “inside” (Ety/MI).

imi

in

imi prep. "in"; see mi (VT43:30)

imi

preposition. in, in, [ᴱQ.] inside

mi

in, within

mi prep. "in, within" (MI, VT27:20, VT44:18, 34, VT43:30; the latter source also mentions the variant imi); mí "in the" (Nam, RGEO:66; CO gives mi; the correct forms should evidently be mi = "in" and mí = mi i "in the"; VT49:35 also has mí with a long vowel, though the gloss is simply "in"). Used in PE17:71 (cf. 70) of people clad "in" various colours, e.g. mi mísë "in grey". Allative minna "to the inside, into" (MI), also mina (VT43:30). The forms mimmë and mingwë seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"in us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual instead (see -mmë). Second person forms are also given: mil or milyë *"in you" (sg.), millë "in you" (pl.) (VT43:36). A special use of mi appears in the phrase Wendë mi Wenderon "Virgin of Virgins" (VT44:18); here mi appears superfluous to achieve the desired meaning, but this combination of singular noun + mi + plural genitive noun may be seen as a fixed idiom expressing that the initial noun represents the most prominent member of a class.

mi

preposition. in, in, [ᴹQ.] within

The Quenya preposition for “in”, very well attested. It was derived from the root √MI of the same meaning (PE17/92; VT43/30; VT47/30). In The Etymologies of the 1930s ᴹQ. mi was glossed “in, within” under the root ᴹ√MI “inside” (Ety/MI).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, the preposition mi appeared (untranslated) in the phrase ᴱQ. Uole·mi·Kūme “Moon King” = “✱Uole in the Moon” (QL/48). The main dictionary had the adverb ᴱQ. imi “in, inside” under the early root ᴱ√IMI (QL/42). In one place in Tolkien’s later writings from the 1950s, the preposition mi “in” had the variant form imi as well (VT43/30).

mir

to the inside, into

mir (1) prep. with old allative ending "to the inside, into"(also minna) (MI). This is mi "in" with the same allative ending -r (from primitive ¤-da) as in tar "thither", q.v.

imi

root. in

ishi

preposition. in, inside

Usually placed after the noun in Black Speech, c.f. burzum-ishi (darkness-inside).