raima

net

raima noun "net" (VT42:12)

raima

noun. net

Changes

• raime → raime “network, lace” ✧ VT42/28

Cognates

• S. raew “net” ✧ PE22/159; VT42/12

Derivations

• √RAY “net, knit, contrive network or lace, involve in a network, enlace” ✧ PE22/159; VT42/12

Element in

• ᴺQ. imberaima “internet”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√RAY > raima	[raima]	✧ PE22/159
√RAY > raima	[raima]	✧ VT42/12

Variations

• raime ✧ VT42/28 (raime)

net(ë)

noun. one more beyond (the middle)

Derivations

• √ENET “*one more” ✧ VT47/15

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√en-et > nete	[nete]	✧ VT47/15

Variations

• nete ✧ VT47/15; VT47/15; VT47/40
• net ✧ VT47/15; VT47/40

raita

verb. to net

natsë

web, net

natsë noun "web, net" (NAT)

remba-

net, entrap

remba- vb. "net, entrap" (VT42:12)

remba-

verb. to net, entrap

Derivations

• √REM “entangle, snare, trap” ✧ VT42/12

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√REM > remba-	[remba-]	✧ VT42/12

ná-

verb. to be, to be, [ᴱQ.] exist

Changes

• nā → nāner ✧ VT49/09
• nār → năr ✧ VT49/30

Cognates

• Ad. -n “predicate suffix”
• S. na- “to be”

Derivations

• √NĀ “be (the same as another), exist” ✧ PE17/093

Element in

• Q. á hyamë rámen úcarindor “pray for us sinners” ✧ VT43/34
• Q. aistana elyë imíca nísi “blessed art thou amongst women” ✧ VT43/30; VT43/30
• Q. alasaila ná lá carë tai mo nave mára “it is unwise not to do what one judges good” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/33
• Q. alcar mi Tarmenel na Erun “glory [be] to God in the highest” ✧ VT44/34; VT44/34
• Q. A (ná) calima lá B “A is brighter than B; (lit.) A is bright beyond B” ✧ PE17/090; PE17/090
• Q. A anamelda na ar ilyan “A is dearest of all” ✧ PE17/057
• Q. A anamelda na epë B “A is dear before B” ✧ PE17/057
• Q. A anamelda na ep’ ilya “A is dearest of all” ✧ PE17/057
• Q. A arimelda na epe B “A is (very much) [dearer] than B” ✧ PE17/057 (A arimelda na epe B)
• Q. A arimelda na ilyaron “A is dearest of all” ✧ PE17/057
• Q. á na márië “be well” ✧ PE17/162
• Q. aranielya na tuluva “thy kingdom come” ✧ VT43/14; VT43/14
• Q. Átaremma i ëa han Eä “our Father who art in Heaven” ✧ VT43/13
• Q. cemendë tambe Erumandë “on Earth as [it is] in Heaven” ✧ VT43/16
• Q. cé tulis, ní nauva tanomë “*if he/she comes, I will be there” ✧ VT49/19
• Q. cé tulis, tanomë nauvan “*if he/she comes, I will be there” ✧ VT49/19
• Q. eldar ataformaiti “the Elves were ambidexters” ✧ VT49/09; VT49/09; VT49/09; VT49/09
• Q. essë úpa nas “he is dumb” ✧ PE17/126
• Q. i Héru aselyë “the Lord is with thee” ✧ VT43/30
• Q. lá carita i hamil mára alasaila ná “not to do (in this case) what you judge good (would be) unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/33
• Q. lá caritas alasaila cé nauva “not doing this may be/prove unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/34
• Q. lá caritas, navin, alasaila ná “not doing this would be (I think) unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/33
• Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/23
• Q. mára ná “it is good” ✧ PE17/093
• Q. ná “yes, it is so, it is a fact”
• Q. na airë esselya “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT43/14
• Q. na carë indómelya “thy will be done” ✧ VT43/15
• Q. nai “maybe; be it that, may it be that; perhaps, it may be, there is a chance or possibility, maybe; be it that, may it be that; perhaps, it may be, there is a chance or possibility; [ᴱQ.] remoter possibility” ✧ RGEO/60; VT49/28
• Q. naitë “true” ✧ VT49/28
• ᴺQ. nalumë “sometime(s)”
• Q. namárië “farewell, (lit.) be well, let it be well (to you)” ✧ PE17/058; PE17/059; PE17/059; PE17/074
• Q. námo “person, somebody (unnamed)”
• Q. náner ataformaitë ve fírimor quetir “*were ambidextrous as mortals say” ✧ VT49/10
• ᴺQ. nanomë “someplace, somewhere”
• Q. nanwa “existing, actual (true), existing, actual (true), *real; [️ᴱQ.] being” ✧ VT49/30
• Q. nár (naitië) “they are (indeed = truly)” ✧ PE22/166
• Q. násië “*amen, (lit.) may it be so”
• Q. násan “*amen, (lit.) may it be so”
• Q. nás mára nin “I like it” ✧ VT49/30
• Q. nassë “nature, true-being, *essence; person, individual” ✧ VT49/30
• Q. návë “being”
• Q. nésë nórima rocco “he was a horse strong/swift at running” ✧ VT49/29
• Q. quí(ta) la tuldes, nánë márië (nin) “[if he had not come], it was well to me (I was glad)” ✧ PE22/158
• Q. roccor i Erulingaron márë nár (ma naitë)? “the horses of the Rohirrim are good (are they not, lit. is it true)” ✧ PE22/166
• Q. savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo “I believe that E[lessar] really existed and that he was a King of Gondor” ✧ PE22/158; VT49/27
• Q. sínen i·anda nyarnë metta ar taina andaurenya na quanta “*with this the long tale ends and my extended long day is complete” ✧ Minor-Doc/1955-CT
• Q. sí vanwa ná, Rómello vanwa, Valimar! “now lost, lost to those from the east is Valimar!” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. sí vanwa ná, Rómello vanwa, Valimar! “now lost is, [to one] from the East lost, Valimar!” ✧ RGEO/59
• Q. umbë nin i hríve nauva urra (si loa) “I have a feeling that winter will be bad (this year)” ✧ PE22/168
• Q. yá hríve menë, ringa ná “when winter comes/arrives/is with us, it is cold” ✧ VT49/23 (yá hríve tene, ringa ná)
• ᴺQ. yonávë “company, *companionship, camaraderie”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NĀ > ná	[nā]	✧ PE17/093

Variations

• ná ✧ LotR/0377; PE17/090; PE17/093; PE22/154; PE22/167; VT42/33; VT49/09; VT49/23
• na ✧ Minor-Doc/1955-CT; PE17/057; PE17/074; PE17/074; PE17/090; PE17/162; VT43/13; VT43/30
• nā ✧ PE17/058; RGEO/59; VT49/09 (nā); VT49/28; VT49/30
• nā- ✧ PE22/166; VT49/27; VT49/28 (nā-)
• nā̀ ✧ RGEO/58
• Nā ✧ RGEO/60
• nā̆ ✧ VT49/30
• nār ✧ VT49/30 (nār)

rembë

mesh

rembë noun "mesh" (Appendix E, in a footnote), "hunter's or fisher's net" (VT42:29)

raef

noun. net

raef

noun. net

raew

noun. net

raew

noun. net

Cognates

• Q. raima “net” ✧ PE22/159; VT42/12
• Q. raiwë “lace” ✧ VT42/12

Derivations

• √RAY “net, knit, contrive network or lace, involve in a network, enlace” ✧ PE22/159; VT42/12

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√RAY > raef	[raima] > [raim] > [raem] > [raev]	✧ PE22/159
√RAY > raef	[raima] > [raim] > [raem] > [raev] > [raew]	✧ VT42/12
√RAY > raew	[raiwe] > [raiw] > [raew]	✧ VT42/12

Variations

• raef ✧ PE22/159; VT42/12

na-

verb. to be

Changes

• dôd → dád ✧ VT44/22
• dád → hae ✧ VT44/22
• hae → no ✧ VT44/24

Cognates

• Q. ná- “to be, to be, [ᴱQ.] exist”

Derivations

• √NĀ “be (the same as another), exist”

Element in

• S. no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT44/24
• ᴺS. novaer “goodbye, farewell, (lit.) be well”
• ᴺS. navaer “farewell, (lit.) be well”
• S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23

Variations

• dôd ✧ VT44/22 (dôd)
• dád ✧ VT44/22 (dád)
• hae ✧ VT44/22 (hae)

rem

noun. mesh, net (esp. for catching, hunter's or fisher's net)

gwî

net

1) gwî (i **wî) (web), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwî), 2) raef, no distinct pl. form except with article (idh raef), coll. pl. raevath. Note: raef has a side-form raew, but since this also means ”fathom”, raef may be preferred for clarity. 3) rem (mesh), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath**. Verb

gwî

net

(i ’wî) (web), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwî)

raef

net

no distinct pl. form except with article (idh raef), coll. pl. raevath. Note: raef has a side-form raew, but since this also means ”fathom”, raef may be preferred for clarity.

rem

net

(mesh), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath. Verb

raen

netted

(enlaced). No distinct pl. form. (VT42:12)

remmen

netted

(tangled, woven), pl. #remmin attested (as part of the phrase galadhremmin ennorath, LotR Appendix E)

nath

web

(pl. naith).

gwî

web

1) gwî (i **wî) (net), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwî), 2) nath (pl. naith**).

gwî

web

(i ’wî) (net), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwî)

rem

mesh

rem (net), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath

rem

mesh

(net), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath

lhing

spider’s web, cobweb

(?i thling or ?i ling – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (also used = ”spider”); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i ling). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thling.

net

root. trim, pretty, dainty

A root element Tolkien gave unglossed in notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s serving primarily as the basis for extended √NETER “nine”; Tolkien explicitly contrasted it with √NETH “sister”, used for the finger-name of the fourth and ninth fingers but not etymologically related “nine” (VT47/11-12). However in somewhat earlier versions of these notes from 1968, Tolkien glossed √NET as “trim (pretty, dainty)” and derived the finger name Q. nettë “little girl” directly from this root along with other words like Q. netil “trinket” and netya- “trim, adorn” (VT47/33).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is worth retaining the “pretty, dainty” sense of this root, though not necessarily connecting it to “nine”, which can simply be from unrelated √NETER.

Derivatives

• Q. netil “trinket, (?small thing) of personal adornment, trinket, small thing of personal adornment” ✧ VT47/33
• Q. nettë “(little) girl, sister (diminutive), daughter, pretty little thing, (little) girl, sister (diminutive), ️daughter, pretty little thing” ✧ VT47/33
• Q. netya “pretty, dainty” ✧ VT47/33
• Q. netya- “to trim, adorn” ✧ VT47/33
• S. neth “(little) girl; sister (diminutive)” ✧ VT47/33

Element in

• √NETER “nine” ✧ VT47/12; VT47/15; VT47/16; VT47/33

Variations

• nete ✧ VT47/16
• net ✧ VT47/33; VT47/33

ray

root. net, knit, contrive network or lace, involve in a network, enlace

A root appearing in a pair of notes from around 1969 glossed “net; knit (contrive a network); catch, involve (in a net)” (PE22/159) and “net, knit, contrive network or lace; {catch,} involve in a network, enlace” (VT42/12), in both notes serving as an explanation for the name S. Gilraen. Both notes have a similar set of derivatives such as Q. raima/S. raef “net” and Q. raina/S. raen “netted, enlaced”. In the second note this root was compared to √WIG and √REB/REM, the former used of weaving in general as opposed to √RAY used of lace-work with a single thread, and the latter a verbal root having to with netting via traps and snares such as by hunters and fisherman. This comparison to √REB/REM was probably related to the deletion of the gloss “catch” from the second note.

These notes probably replaced another etymology of the name S. Gilraen in notes from the late 1950s where √RAY was glossed “smile” and “show pleasure or favour in facial expression” with derivatives like Q. raina/S. raen “smiling” and contrasted with the root √LALA “laugh” (PE17/182; VT44/35). This in turn might have been connected to Q. rainë “✱peace, good will” in Quenya prayers from the 1950s (VT44/34).

Neo-Eldarin: It is very unlikely Tolkien ever considered both √RAY “knit” and √RAY “smile” to be part of Elvish at the same time. Unfortunately, the latter is the most popular source of “smile” words in Neo-Eldarin; the only other option is the very early root ᴱ√MIRI or ᴱ√MṚT͡YṚ “smile”, whose derivatives clashes with the later and very well-known root √MIR “precious” used for jewels. It is therefore difficult to eliminate √RAY “smile” in favor of √RAY “knit”, itself with a large number of useful derivatives. For now, I recommend keeping both as part of Neo-Eldarin, even though they were probably incompatible in Tolkien’s mind.

Derivatives

• ✶rai ✧ PE22/159
• Q. raima “net” ✧ PE22/159; VT42/12
• Q. raina “netted, enlaced, caught in a net” ✧ PE22/159; VT42/12
• Q. raita- “to make network or lace; to catch in a net” ✧ PE22/159; VT42/12
• Q. raiwë “lace” ✧ VT42/12
• S. raeda- “to catch in a net” ✧ VT42/12
• S. raen “netted, enlaced” ✧ VT42/12
• S. raew “net” ✧ PE22/159; VT42/12

Element in

• ✶kasraya “a tressure” ✧ VT42/12
• S. Gilraen “*Netted Stars” ✧ PE22/159

Variations

• RAY ✧ PE22/159; VT42/12

nath

noun. web

nath

noun. web

A noun for “web” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√NAT “lace, weave, tie” with Quenya cognate ᴹQ. natse (Ety/NAT).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. natse “web, net” ✧ Ety/NAT

Derivations

• ᴹ√NAT “lace, weave, tie” ✧ Ety/NAT

Element in

• N. gonathra- “to entangle, enmesh” ✧ Ety/NAT
• N. nathron “weaver, webster” ✧ Ety/NAT

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NAT > nath	[natse] > [naθθe] > [naθθ] > [naθ]	✧ Ety/NAT

gwî

noun. net, web

gwî

noun. net, web

Derivations

• ᴹ√WEY “wind, weave” ✧ Ety/WEY

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√WEY > gwî	[wei] > [wī] > [gwī]	✧ Ety/WEY