nor-

verb. run

yur-

run

yur- vb. "run" (quoted in form yurin, translated "runs", but within Tolkien's later framework it looks like a 1st person aorist "I run")-QL:106 (cf. entry YUR in Etym)

noro

verb. run! ride!

Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (not a literal translation) and later translated as "run swift" in RC/195. A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"

noro

~Noro~ lim

imp. of nor-, run. Noro lim, noro lim Asfaloth. 'Run swift, run swift Asfaloth'. >> nor-

nor-

verb. to run

nor-

verb. to ride

nor-

verb. to run (or leap) of animals or men, to run (or leap) of animals or men; [G.] to roll [of vehicles]

Cognates

• Q. nor- “to run (or leap, of animals or men)” ✧ PE17/168

Derivations

• √NOR “run (or leap) of animals or men, run (or leap) of animals or men; [ᴹ√] run as of wheels, roll along, [ᴱ√] go smoothly, ride, spin” ✧ PE17/168

Element in

• S. noro lim, noro lim Asfaloth “run swift, run swift, Asfaloth” ✧ LotR/0213; PE17/018
• ᴺS. norweg “often running”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NOR > nor-	[nor-]	✧ PE17/168
√NOR > onur	[onōre] > [onūre] > [onūr] > [onur]	✧ PE17/168

lôd

verb. (he) floats

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

ónen

noun. I gave

Written onen in some editions of LotR. In the Qenyaqetsa, Qenya anta- is marked as having an irregular past tense áne. Assuming the same sound-shifts as observed in other words, this would indeed lead to onen in Sindarin, see PE/12:31 and TT/14:48-49

Lossoth

noun. the Snowmen

dagorath

noun. all the battles

anfangrim

noun. the Longbeards (a tribe of Dwarves)

rochirrim

noun. horse-lords, the people of Rohan

avo

verb. don't!

Used as a negative adverb before an imperative: avo garo "don't do it!". Sometimes used as prefix: avgaro

avon

verb. I won't

cuio

verb. live!

galadhad

noun. the Two Trees of Valinor

rammas

noun. (great) wall

anglennatha

verb. (he) will approach

lammas

noun. account of tongues

falathrim

noun. people of the Falas

drúwaith

noun. the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.)

lâf

verb. (he) licks

pêd

verb. (he) says

nor

run

(verb) 1) nor- (i nôr, in nerir). Only attested as imperative noro! 2) *yr-. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form yurine* ”I run” is given in the source; the verbal stem would become ior**- in ”Noldorin”, but apparently *yr- in Sindarin. Compare COURSE, q.v., where the words come from the same root __-.

nor

run

(i nôr, in nerir). Only attested as imperative noro! 2) ✱yr-. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form yurine ”

ior

i

in ”Noldorin”, but apparently ✱yr- in Sindarin. Compare

cell

running

(of water: flowing), lenited gell; pl. cill

nor

root. run (or leap) of animals or men, run (or leap) of animals or men; [ᴹ√] run as of wheels, roll along, [ᴱ√] go smoothly, ride, spin

This root was the basis for Elvish words having to do with “running” and (in earlier notes) “rolling” for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as ᴱ√NORO “run, go smoothly, ride, spin” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/67), and it had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon like G. nor- “run, roll” (GL/61) as well as dronn “race, course, track” < ✱n’rond- (GL/31). ᴹ√NORO “run as of wheels, roll along” reappeared in a page of roots in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s, though this page was deleted (PE22/127 note #152). √NOR “run (or leap: of animals, men etc.)” also appeared in some etymological notes associated with The Lord of the Rings, probably from the late 1950s (PE17/168).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I’d retain both senses “run” and “roll” for this root, but limit the latter to the rolling of wheels as an extrapolation from the movement of legs.

Derivatives

• Q. nor- “to run (or leap, of animals or men)” ✧ PE17/168
• ᴺQ. norollë “cart”
• Q. norta- “to make run (specially used of riding horses or other animals), ride” ✧ PE17/168
• S. nor- “to run (or leap) of animals or men, to run (or leap) of animals or men; [G.] to roll [of vehicles]” ✧ PE17/168
• ᴺS. norn “[G.] wheel”
• S. north “riding, race (of people running), charge or gallop” ✧ PE17/168
• S. northa- “to make run, to make run, *ride; [G.] to send rolling [as a vehicle], speed” ✧ PE17/168

orthor

verb. (he) masters, conquers

osgar

verb. (he) cuts, amputates

sôg

verb. (he) drinks

tôg

verb. (he) leads, brings

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

lhôd

verb. (he) floats

lhammas

noun. account of tongues

thia

verb. it appears

síla

verb. (he) shines white

blâb

verb. (he) flaps, beats

The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb

lhâf

verb. (he) licks