(ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)
Sindarin
rest
noun. *cut, [N.] cut
Rest
noun. cut
Rest
cut
rest
cleft
rest
ravine
(cleft, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)
rest
cut
(ravine, cleft), pl. rist (idh rist)
Ēd
noun. Rest
Dor. Rest
send
noun. ?rest
rist
cleft
(noun) 1) rist (-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”, 2) cirith (i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith), 3) cîl (i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”. 4) criss (i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”, 5) rest (ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 6) (deep cleft) falch (ravine[?]), pl. felch
îdh
noun. rest, repose, peace, tranquility
send
noun. (?) rest
senn
noun. (?) rest
ress
ravine
(construct res), pl. riss (idh riss)
rist
cleft
(-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”
îdh
noun. rest, repose
îdh
rest
_(noun) _1) îdh (repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt),
îdh
rest
(repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)
ossend
noun. "sabbath day; day of rest"
posta-
verb. to stop, cease, leave off, rest
@@@ Fiona Jallings suggested it might also mean “rest”, but for this I think sedh- is better
sedh-
verb. to rest
criss
noun. cleft, cleft, [N.] cut, slash, [G.] gash; [N.] pass, [G.] gully, ravine
A word for a “cleft, cut, slash” (PE21/81; Ety/KIRIS) derived from √KIRIS, a blend of the roots √KIR and √RIS (PE17/87).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. criss “cleft, gash, gully” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it was probably already a derivative of the early root ᴱ√KIRISI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/27; LT2A/Cris Ilbranteloth). In the Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin Tolkien gave cris with the definition “a cleft, ravine, or narrow way of waters with high walls” (PE15/21), and in this period it typically appeared in this shorter form within names like G. Cris Ilbranteloth or G. Cris Thorn.
N. criss appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “cleft, cut, slash” under the root ᴹ√KIRIS “cut” (Ety/KIRIS). It also appeared under the root ᴹ√KIR with the gloss “cleft, pass”, but this instance was deleted (EtyAC/KIR). S. criss “cleft” was mentioned in passing in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s as derived from primitive ✶kirissi (PE21/80-81), and it was mentioned as a blending of roots in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s as described above (PE17/87). Its use in names diminished over time, however, the only remnant in the final version of The Silmarillion being S. Crissaegrim (S/121).
Neo-Sindarin: In The Etymologies of the 1930s it seems this word was principally used as for a “cleft, cut, slash” independent of geography. I would assume the same is true for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since criss is used only in a single geographic name in Tolkien’s later writings; S. cirith was use more broadly in geographic features. I would also assume it was a larger and more violent cut (a “gash” or “slash”) compared to S. rest for simple cuts.
caew
resting place
(i gaew, o chaew) (lair). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chaew).
caew
resting place
caew (i gaew, o chaew) (lair). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chaew).
caew
resting place
caew (i gaew, o chaew) (lair). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chaew).
haust
resting
: this is the etymological meaning of the word for ”bed” (haust); see BED.
haust
resting
); see BED.
daur
pause
(noun) 1) daur (i dhaur) (stop; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath. 2) (noun) post (i bost, o phost) (halt, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)
iaw
ravine
1) iaw (cleft, gulf), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”. 2) ress (construct res), pl. riss (idh riss), 3) rest (cleft, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 4) riss (construct ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh riss)
post
pause
(i bost, o phost) (halt, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)
post
cessation
post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, rest, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)
post
cessation
(i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, rest, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)
îdh
repose
îdh (rest), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl.
îdh
repose
(rest), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl.
dôr
noun. land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land
caew
lair
1) caew (i gaew, o chaew) (resting place). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chaew). 2) torech (i dorech, o thorech) (hole, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.
caew
lair
(i** gaew, o chaew) (resting place). No distinct pl. form except with article (i** chaew).
rîdh
noun. sown field, sown field, [N.] acre
A noun for a “sown field” in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) derived from primitive ✶reddā (PE19/91). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. rîð “‘sown’, sown field, acre” also from primitive ᴹ✶reddā under the root ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED; EtyAC/RED). The form N. rîð did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/383), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne noted its existence in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/11).
Conceptual Development: There were several other “field” words in Tolkien’s earlier writings. G. garw “sown-field” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, also functioning as an adjective meaning “tilled” (GL/38). ᴱN. gwas “field” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/146).
cirith
noun. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock, ravine, defile
dangen
adjective. slain
An adjective for “slain” derived from primitive ✶dankĭna (PE17/133), best known from its (mutated plural) appearance in the name Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain” (S/197). N. dangen “slain” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK). This adjective is likely the passive participle of the verb dag- “to slay”.
Conceptual Development: A similar adjective ᴱN. danc “killed in battle” appeared in the Early Qenya Phonology of the 1920s, also related to ᴱN. dag- “slay” (PE14/66).
daur
noun. pause, stop
daur
noun. league (about 3 miles)
dor
noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live
The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor
dôr
noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live
The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor
falch
noun. deep cleft, ravine
hebin
verb. I keep, I have kept
Because of the mutation triggered by the first person pronominal ending, it is impossible to guess whether the stem of this should be heb-, hab- or hob-. The root KHEP listed in VT/41:6 apparently implies that heb- is the correct form
leithian
noun. release, freeing, release from bondage
pen
preposition. without, lacking, -less
pen-
without
riss
adjective. cleft
_ adj. _cleft, cloven, separate. Q. rista, risse, rinse. >> Imladris
riss
noun. ravine
rista-
verb. to cut
rista-
verb. to rend, rip
rîdh
noun. sown field
sown field, tilled ground
thanc
adjective. cleft, split, forked
îdh
noun. peace
peace, tranquillity
adleitha
release
(verb, = "to free") adleitha- (i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin). RELEASE (noun) 1) adleithian, pl. adleithiain, 2) leithian (freeing), pl. leithiain
adleitha
release
(i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).
adleithian
release
pl. adleithiain
ar
without
(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)
ar
without
(outside)
band
safekeeping
(i mand, o mband; construct ban) (custody, prison, duress, doom, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath.
bâr
land
(dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
cirith
cleft
(i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith)
criss
cleft
(i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”
criss
cut
(i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cleft, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss)
cîl
cleft
(i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”.
dag
slain
(passive participle of dag- "slay", but treated almost like a derived noun) dangen (i nangen, o ndangen), pl. dengin (i ndengin; the spelling "in-ndengin" occurs in the Silmarillion). Compare SLAY.
dag
slain
"slay", but treated almost like a derived noun) dangen (i nangen, o ndangen), pl. dengin* (i ndengin*; the spelling "in-ndengin" occurs in the Silmarillion). Compare
daur
pause
(i dhaur) (stop; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath.
dortha
dwell
dortha- (i northa, i ndorthar) (stay)
dortha
dwell
(i northa, i ndorthar) (stay)
dôr
land
1) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413), 2) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
dôr
land
(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413)
falch
cleft
(ravine[?]), pl. felch
falch
ravine
(deep cleft), pl. felch
gardh
bounded or defined place
(i ’ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh);
gartha
keep
(defend) (i ’artha, i ngarthar = i ñarthar). Noun
gwedh
bind
*gwedh- (i **wêdh, in gwedhir), pa.t. gwedhant, in older language also gwend**. In LR:397 s.v.
gwedh
bind
(i ’wêdh, in gwedhir), pa.t. gwedhant, in older language also gwend. In LR:397 s.v.
heb
keep
(verb) 1) heb- (i chêb, i chebir) (retain); 2) gartha- (defend) (i **artha, i ngarthar** = i ñarthar). Noun
heb
keep
(i chêb, i chebir) (retain)
iaw
ravine
(cleft, gulf), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.
land
open space
(construct lan, pl. laind) (level), also used as adjective ”wide, plain”.
leithian
release
(freeing), pl. leithiain
nand
wide grassland
(construct nan) (valley), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36);
nod
bind
nod- (i nôd, i nedir) (tie), pa.t. likely *nunt since the root is __ (LR:378).
nod
bind
(i nôd, i nedir) (tie), pa.t. likely ✱nunt since the root is NUT (LR:378).
parth
enclosed grassland
(i barth, o pharth) (field, sward), pl. perth (i pherth);
pathu
level place
(i bathu) (sward), analogical pl. pethy (i phethy). Cited in archaic form pathw in the source (LR:380 s.v. PATH); hence the coll. pl. is likely pathwath. In the Etymologies as printed in
pen
without
1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)
pen
without
(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.
riss
ravine
(construct ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh riss)****
rîdh
sown field
rîdh (acre); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (idh rîdh)
rîdh
sown field
rîdh (acre); no distinct pl. form except possinly with article (idh rîdh) (VT46:11)
sant
privately owned place
(i hant, o sant) (field, garden, yard), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)
sâd
place
sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)
sâd
place
(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)
sîdh
peace
sîdh (i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form. 1) aeg (point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.
sîdh
peace
(i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form.
thanc
cleft
(adj.) thanc (forked, split), pl. thainc
thanc
cleft
(forked, split), pl. thainc
torech
lair
(i** dorech, o thorech) (hole, excavation), pl. terich (i** therich) for archaic törich.
tulu
support
tulu (i dulu, o thulu) (prop), pl. tyly (i thyly)
tulu
support
(i dulu, o thulu) (prop), pl. tyly (i thyly)
ú
without
(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:
ú
without
u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:
(noun) 1) rest (ravine, cleft), pl. rist (idh rist), 2) criss (i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cleft, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss)