. This gloss was rejected.
Sindarin
ring
adjective. cold, chill, cold, chill, [G.] cool
ring
adjective. cold
ringwil
place name. Ringwil
Ringlo
Ringlo
Ringlô
place name. Ringlô
ringló
place name. Chillflood
Ringló
noun. cold water
ring (“cold”) + lô (“shallow lake, fenland”)
ringnen
place name. Chill-water
ringorn
noun. circle
rinc
noun. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move
rind
noun. circle
ring
cold
(adj.) ring (no distinct pl. form),
ring
cold
(no distinct pl. form)
Ringlo
Ringló
The name Ringló was composed of the elements Ring, meaning "cold, chill", and ló (earlier loga), meaning "fenland". The second element referred to the fact that at its source the Ringló came from a shallow lake fed by a high snowfield in the White Mountains.
ringorn
circle
pl. ringyrn (idh ringyrn)
ringorn
noun. circle
rind
circle
1) rind (construct rin; no distinct pl. form except with article: idh rind), coll. pl. rinnath. 2) corn (i gorn, o chorn), pl. cyrn (i chyrn). The word is also used as an adj. "circular, round, globed", 3) (outer ring or circle) echor (pl. echyr), 4) ringorn, pl. ringyrn (idh ringyrn)
cor
noun. ring, circle
rinc
trick
(noun) rinc (twitch, jerk, sudden move), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rinc), coll. pl. ringiath
rinc
trick
(twitch, jerk, sudden move), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rinc), coll. pl. ringiath
rinc
sudden move
(twitch, jerk, trick), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rinc), coll. pl. ringath.
rinc
jerk
(noun) rinc (twitch, trick, sudden move), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rinc); coll. pl. ringath.
rinc
jerk
(twitch, trick, sudden move), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rinc); coll. pl. ringath.
rinc
twitch
(noun) rinc (jerk, trick, sudden move), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rinc), coll. pl. ringath.
rinc
twitch
(jerk, trick, sudden move), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rinc), coll. pl. ringath.
rinc
sudden move
(twitch, jerk, trick), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rinc), coll. pl. ringath.
rind
circle
(construct rin; no distinct pl. form except with article: idh rind), coll. pl. rinnath.
echor
noun. outer circle, encircling, outer ring
rind
noun. circle
lebent
noun. ring finger
nethig
noun. ring finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
First given in the manuscript as netheg in VT/47:14-15, but see especially VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
loch
noun. ringlet
laws
noun. hair ringlet
echor
ring
(outer ring or circle) echor (pl. echyr). It is unclear what the Sindarin word for an ornamental ring is; the cognate of Quenya corma would be *corf (i gorf, o chorf; pl. cyrf, i chyrf, coll. pl. corvath).
echor
ring
(pl. echyr). It is unclear what the Sindarin word for an ornamental ring is; the cognate of Quenya corma would be ✱corf (i gorf, o chorf; pl. cyrf, i chyrf, coll. pl. corvath).
corf
noun. ring (for fingers)
A neologism for a “(finger) ring”, Sindarin cognate of Q. corma, which has been around long enough that a precise attribution is impossible.
lebent
ring finger
lebent (pl. lebint) (VT48:5), also called nethig. The word means ”little sister”, but was used in childrens play for the ring finger. (VT47:14, 38-39, VT48:48:6, 17)
lebent
ring finger
(pl. lebint) (VT48:5), also called nethig. The word means ”little sister”, but was used in children’s play for the ring finger. (VT47:14, 38-39, VT48:48:6, 17)
laus
ringlet
laus (pl. loes, coll. pl. losath)
laus
noun. ringlet
laus
ringlet
(pl. loes, coll. pl. losath)
loch
ringlet
loch (pl. lych)
loch
noun. ringlet
loch
ringlet
(pl. lych)
nelladel
ringing of bells
(pl. nelledil):
nelladel
ringing of bells
nelladel (pl. nelledil):
nelladel
ringing of bells
nelladel (pl. nelledil)
nellad
noun. sound of bells, ringing
leber
finger
leber (pl. lebir) (VT47:10, 23, 24; VT48:5). This may replace ”Noldorin” lhebed, which we would otherwise update to Sindarin as lebed. For names of specific fingers, see INDEX FINGER, LITTLE FINGER, MIDDLE FINGER, RING FINGER, THUMB.
him
adjective. cool
aur
noun. day, sunlight, morning
bragol
adjective. sudden
bragol
adjective. sudden
calan
noun. day, period of actual daylight
Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.
cyll
noun. bearer
girithron
noun. december (month)
him
adjective. cool
ir
conjunction. (?) when
This word is not translated. It could be related to Quenya íre "when". Some scholars also consider that it could be the form taken by the article i before a vowel, on a pattern similar to ah . To this respect, it might be interesting to note the ir was the allative/dative form of the article in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:9
lebed
noun. finger
Tolkien later seems to have replaced this form by leber
lebenedh
noun. middle finger
leber
noun. finger
leber
noun. finger
The Sindarin word for “finger”, derived from primitive ✶leper and based on the root √LEP “pick up” (VT47/10; VT48/5).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien used various Elvish words for “finger” over his life, but most were based on the root √LEP. The Gnomish Grammar and Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. leptha “finger” (GG/13; GL/53), clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√LEPE that was the basis for contemporaneous Qenya finger words (QL/53). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it was ᴱN. lhê “finger”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶lept- (PE13/148). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. lhebed “finger” based on the root ᴹ√LEPET of the same meaning (Ety/LEP). In drafts of the 1968 notes mentioned above, Tolkien had S. lebed “finger” (VT47/27), but this was replaced by leber in the finished versions (VT47/23-24 note #30).
lebig
noun. little finger
mîdh
noun. dew
dew
mîdh
noun. dew, dew, *moisture, damp(ness); [ᴱN.] mist, drizzle
A Sindarin word for “dew” given as míð in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s as a derivative of ✶mizdē “drizzle” (PE19/101), illustrating how [[os|[z] vanished before [d] lengthening preceding vowel]] in (Old) Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: N. mîdh “dew” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the same derivation as given above (Ety/MIZD), though Tolkien first wrote its gloss as “fine rain” (EtyAC/MIZD). This deleted gloss seems to be a remnant of ᴱN. midh “mist, drizzle” from Early Noldorin Word-lists, but there its primitive form was ᴱ✶míye (PE13/150).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would extend the meaning of this word to include “✱moisture, damp(ness)” in general, especially as the result of a previous rain.
neth
noun. sister
neth
noun. girl (in her teens, approaching the adult)
nethel
noun. sister
A word for “sister” coined by Tolkien in notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, based on the root √NETH of similar meaning and replacing the archaic form of the word †nîth (VT47/12, 14). The diminutive/affectionate form nethig “[little] sister” was used as a play name for the fourth finger (VT48/6); Tolkien considered an alternate diminutive netheg (VT47/14, 32) and also considered giving this diminutive an alternate meaning “little girl” (VT47/15, 33); see S. neth for discussion.
Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. thêl “sister” from the root ᴹ√THEL or THELES (Ety/THEL), and the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. hethir “sister” from the early root ᴱ√HESE [HEÞE] (GL/48; QL/40). See those entries for discussion.
nethig
noun. "litte sister"
First given in the manuscript as netheg in VT/47:14-15, but see especially VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
niged
noun. little finger
nobad
noun. the pair of fingers composed of the thumb and the index (grouped together as in the act of picking something)
nîth
noun. sister
nîth
noun. sister
oel
adjective. cool
oraearon
noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day
oranor
noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun
orbelain
noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar
orgaladh
noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree
This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar
orgaladhad
noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees
This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar
orgilion
noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars
orithil
noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon
ormenel
noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day
penninor
noun. last day of the year
rhîw
noun. winter season
rhîw
noun. winter
ritha-
verb. to jerk, twitch, snatch
aur
day
aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
aur
day
(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
avorn
not moving
(staying, fast), pl. evyrn
bragol
sudden
1) bragol (lenited vragol), pl. bragoel. Archaic *bragaul. 2) brêg (quick, lively), lenited vrêg, pl. brîg.
bragol
sudden
(lenited vragol), pl. bragoel. Archaic ✱bragaul.
breged
suddenness
(i vreged) (violence), pl. bregid (i mregid) if there is a pl. Note: the word is also used as adv. "suddenly".
brêg
sudden
(quick, lively), lenited vrêg, pl. brîg.
calan
daytime
(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)
colron
noun. bearer
corn
circle
(i gorn, o chorn), pl. cyrn (i chyrn). The word is also used as an adj. "circular, round, globed"
corod Reconstructed
noun. circle
cyll
bearer
cyll (i gyll, o chyll), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chyll)
cyll
bearer
(i gyll, o chyll), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chyll)
echor
circle
(pl. echyr)
edinor
anniversary day
(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.
fast
shaggy hair
(pl. faist if there is a pl.).
finc
noun. trick
find
hair
(construct fin), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. finnath.
fîn
hair
1) (a single hair) fîn (construct fin), no distinct pl. form. (PM:362), 2) (lock of hair, tress) find (construct fin), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. finnath.
fîn
hair
(construct fin), no distinct pl. form. (PM:362)
girithron
december
Girithron (na **Irithron**)
girithron
december
(na ’Irithron)
helch
bitterly cold
(lenited chelch; pl. hilch);
him
cool
him (lenited chim; no distinct pl. form). Note that homophones include both the adjective ”steadfast, abiding” and the adverb ”continually”.
him
cool
(lenited chim; no distinct pl. form). Note that homophones include both the adjective ”steadfast, abiding” and the adverb ”continually”.
ir
when
?ir (not used in questions but to indicate time, as in ”when I saw you, I was glad”). This is one of several possible interpretations of the word, which occurs in a Sindarin poem untranslated by Tolkien (ir Isil ammen Eruchín…síla, ?”when the Moon shines for us Children of Eru…”, The Lays of Beleriand p. 354). By another interpretation, ir is simply a variant of the definite article.(relative pronoun), see THAT
ir
when
(not used in questions but to indicate time, as in ”when
ir
i
is simply a variant of the definite article.
mîdh
dew
1) mîdh (i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh), 2) ross (construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.
mîdh
dew
(i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh)
nell
bell
nell (construct nel; pl. nill);
nell
bell
(construct nel; pl. nill);
nella
sound bells
(i nella, in nellar) (but according to VT46:7, this may be a misreading of Tolkien’s manuscript),
nellad
sound of bells
(pl. nellaid)
nellad
sound of bells
?nellad (pl. nellaid)
nellad
sound of bells
*nellad (pl. nellaid);
neth
sister
1) neth (also used = ”girl”). (VT47:14-16, 33; VT48:6), pl. nith. Notice the homophone neth ”young”. Also nîth (no distinct pl. form though the plural article with show pluarlity when the noun is definite: in nîth) (VT47:14). 2) gwathel (i **wathel), pl. gwethil (in gwethil). 3) muinthel (i vuinthel), pl. muinthil (i muinthil), more usual than the shorter form thêl (stem thele-), pl. theli. In “Noldorin”, the pl. was thelei** (LR:392 s.v. THEL).
rhîw
winter
rhîw (?i thrîw or ?i rîw the lenition product of rh- is uncertain); no distinct pl. form except with article (?idh rîw)
rhîw
winter
(?i thrîw or ?i rîw – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain*); no distinct pl. form except with article (?idh rîw)
rim
cold pool/lake
; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.
rim
noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)
ritha
jerk
(verb) ritha- (twitch, snatch) (i ritha, idh rithar)
ritha
jerk
(twitch, snatch) (i ritha, idh rithar)
ritha
twitch
(verb) ritha- (jerk, snatch) (i ritha, idh rithar)
ritha
twitch
(jerk, snatch) (i ritha, idh rithar)
ross
dew
(construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.
A stream flowing into the river Narog (S/122). Its initial element is ring “cold” (SA/ring), but the meaning of its final element is unclear.
Conceptual Development: This river was first named in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s as ᴱN. Ingwil (LB/68), and remained N. Ingwil in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/262). It was changed to S. Ringwil in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/197 note §112).