yá (1) adv.? "formerly", also postposition (?) "ago" (YA). The form yá also appears as a variant of the relative pronoun ya, q.v.
Quenya
yá
when
yá
conjunction. when
Derivations
- √YA “*there, over there; (of time) back, ago, [ᴹ√] there, over there; (of time) back, ago”
Element in
- Q. násië “now and at the hour of our death: Amen” ✧ VT43/34; VT43/34
- Q. yá hríve menë, ringa ná “when winter comes/arrives/is with us, it is cold” ✧ VT49/23 (
yá hríve tene, ringa ná)Variations
- ya ✧ VT43/34
yá
formerly
ya
which, what
ya (1) relative pronoun "which, what" (attested in VT43:28, 34 and in the Arctic sentence), with locative suffix in Namárië: see #yassë. According to VT47:21, ya is impersonal, "which" rather than "who(m)" (compare the personal form ye). The dative form yan (q.v.) is however used for "to whom" (rather than "to which") in one text, indicating that Tolkien did not always distinguish between personal and impersonal forms. In the phrase lúmessë ya [variant: yá**] firuvammë, "in [the] hour that we shall die", the relative pronoun is not explicitly marked for case and is evidently understood to share the case of the preceding noun (hence not lúmessë yassë**... "in [the] hour in which"...) (VT43:27-28) Presumably, ya has the plural form *yar* (e.g. i nati yar hirnen** "the things that/which I found").
yan
adverb/conjunction. *as
@@@ possibly modal adverb
Element in
- Q. cemendë tambe Erumandë “on Earth as [it is] in Heaven” ✧ VT43/16; VT43/16
- Q. sív’ emmë apsenet tien i úcarir emmen “as we forgive those who trespass against us” ✧ VT43/20
Variations
- ya(n) ✧ VT43/16
- ya ✧ VT43/16
ier
preposition. *as
Element in
- Q. cemendë tambe Erumandë “on Earth as [it is] in Heaven” ✧ VT43/16; VT43/16; VT43/16
- Q. sív’ emmë apsenet tien i úcarir emmen “as we forgive those who trespass against us” ✧ VT43/20
Variations
- ye ✧ VT43/16 (
ye)- yé ✧ VT43/16 (
yé)
sívë
preposition. *as
Element in
- Q. cemendë tambe Erumandë “on Earth as [it is] in Heaven” ✧ VT43/17
- Q. sív’ emmë apsenet tien i úcarir emmen “as we forgive those who trespass against us” ✧ VT43/20
Elements
Word Gloss sí “now” ve “as, like, similar, after the manner [of], as, like, similar, after the manner [of]; [ᴹQ.] with” Variations
- sívë ✧ VT43/17
í(qua), illume, iquallume
conjunction. when, whenever
írë
when
írë (2) conj. "when" (subordinate conjunction, not question-word: írë Anarinya queluva, "when my sun faileth") (FS). Compare yá #2.
malumë
adverb. when
Cognates
- ᴺS. mallú “when, (orig.) what time”
Elements
Word Gloss ma “interrogative particle” lúmë “time, period of time, hour”
yá (2) conj. "when" in the sentence yá hrívë tenë, ringa ná "when winter comes, it is cold" (VT49:23). Compare írë #2.