Quenya 

sercë

blood

sercë ("k")noun "blood" _(SA:sereg, PE17:184; the Etymologies gives _yár as the Quenya word for "blood")

sercë

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √SEREK of the same meaning (PE17/185). It appeared as an element in the word serkilixa “blood-thirsty” from 1968 (NM/176), indicating a stem form of serci-.

Cognates

  • S. sereg “blood” ✧ PE17/184; SA/sereg

Derivations

  • √SEREK “blood” ✧ PE17/184

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√SEREK > serke[sereki] > [sereke] > [serke]✧ PE17/184

Variations

  • serke ✧ PE17/184; SA/sereg
Quenya [PE17/184; SA/sereg] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yár

blood

yár (yar-, as in dat.sg. yaren) noun "blood"_ (YAR; the Silmarillion appendix gives _sercë instead. According to VT46:22, Tolkien introduced yór_ as a replacement form in the Etymologies itself.)_

yór

blood

yór noun "blood"; see yár (VT46:22)

Sindarin 

sereg

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √SEREK of the same meaning (PE17/185). It was an element in the name seregon “blood of stone”, the name of a red plant (S/203; UT/148).

Cognates

  • Q. sercë “blood” ✧ PE17/184; SA/sereg

Derivations

  • √SEREK “blood” ✧ PE17/184

Element in

  • S. seregon “stonecrop, plant with red flowers, (lit.) blood of stone” ✧ SA/sereg

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√SEREK > sereg[sereke] > [serek] > [sereg]✧ PE17/184
Sindarin [PE17/184; SA/sereg] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sereg

noun. blood

n. blood. Q. serke. >> seregorn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:184] < SEREK blood. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

sereg

noun. blood

Sindarin [S/437] Group: SINDICT. Published by

sereg

blood

1) sereg (i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. (Silm App, entry sereg.) 2)

sereg

blood

(i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. *(Silm App, entry sereg.)*

agar

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing as an element in the name Agarwaen (S/210). It’s later etymology is unclear.

Conceptual Development: An earlier iteration of the name was N. {Iarvael >>} N. Iarwath “Blood-stained” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the element was N. iâr “blood” from the root ᴹ√YAR of the same meaning (Ety/YAR). Tolkien considered changing the root to ᴹ√YOR and the Noldorin form to iûr (EtyAC/YAR). This seems to be transient idea, since the name Iarwaeth “Bloodstained” appeared in the Grey Annals from the early 1950s (WJ/83) before ultimately being replaced by Agarwaen (WJ/142).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d stick to the better-described sereg for “blood”.

Element in

  • S. Agarwaen “Blood-stained” ✧ S/210

agar

noun. blood

Sindarin [Agarwaen S/378] Group: SINDICT. Published by

agarwaen

bloodstained

(agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ”

iûr

blood

iûr (construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare: BLOODSTAINED agarwaen (agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ””, see STONECROP

iûr

blood

(construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare:

Primitive elvish

serek

root. blood

A root in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 given as the basis for the “blood” words Q. serke and S. sereg as well as the flower name S. seregon “blood of stone” (PE17/184), a flower name that also appeared (untranslated) in The Silmarillion (S/203). It may replace the root ᴹ√YAR “blood” from The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. yár and N. iâr of the same meaning, the later an element in the surname of Túrin: N. Iarwath “Blood-stain” (Ety/YAR). In later Silmarillion drafts, it became Iarwaeth (WJ/83) and then S. Agarwaen “Blood-stained”, the form it took in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/210). The etymology of S. agar- “blood” is unclear.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I’d stick to √SEREK = “blood”.

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. serca- “to bleed”
  • Q. sercë “blood” ✧ PE17/184
  • S. sereg “blood” ✧ PE17/184

Variations

  • SEREK- ✧ PE17/145
Primitive elvish [PE17/145; PE17/184] Group: Eldamo. Published by

okhor

noun. blood

Derivations

  • √KHOM “heart (physical organ)”
Primitive elvish [PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

iâr

noun. blood

Noldorin [Ety/400] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iâr

noun. blood

Changes

  • iâr → iûr “blood” ✧ EtyAC/YAR

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. yár “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YAR “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR; EtyAC/YAR

Element in

  • N. Iarwath “Blood-stained” ✧ Ety/YAR
  • N. Iaros ✧ Ety/YAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YAR > iâr[jār]✧ Ety/YAR
ᴹ√YOR > iûr[jōr] > [jūr]✧ EtyAC/YAR

Variations

  • iûr ✧ EtyAC/YAR
Noldorin [Ety/YAR; EtyAC/YAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

yár

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√YAR of the same meaning (Ety/YAR). Tolkien considered changing the root to ᴹ√YOR and the Quena form to yōr (EtyAC/YAR).

Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. hari “blood” from the Early Quenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s might be a precursor. It in turn was probably related to earlier ᴱQ. hara(nda) “flesh-meat” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39).

Neo-Quenya: Since Tolkien changed its cognate from [N.] iâr to [S.] agar, this Quenya word is probably no longer valid, and for purposes of Neo-Quenya I recommend using the later word Q. sercë “blood” instead.

Changes

  • yár → yōr “blood” ✧ EtyAC/YAR

Cognates

  • N. iâr “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR
  • Ilk. ôr “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YAR “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YAR > yár[jār]✧ Ety/YAR

Variations

  • yōr ✧ EtyAC/YAR
Qenya [Ety/YAR; EtyAC/YAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yór

noun. blood

Doriathrin

ôr

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” derived from the root ᴹ√YAR (Ety/YAR). Its cognates ᴹQ. yár and N. iâr indicates a primitive form ✱✶yār(ǝ) [jārǝ], where the vowel changed to [o] because of Ilkorin a-affection. Helge Fauskanger suggested instead that the primitive form was ✱✶yara because of the Quenya stem form yar-, with a lengthening of the vowel in the primitive monosyllabic form (AL-Ilkorin/ôr) @@@ examine further.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. yár “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YAR “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YAR > ôr[jārǝ] > [jār] > [jōr] > [ōr]✧ Ety/YAR
Doriathrin [Ety/YAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

yar

root. blood

Changes

  • YAR → YOR “blood” ✧ EtyAC/YAR

Derivatives

  • Ilk. arn “red” ✧ Ety/YAR
  • Ilk. ôr “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR
  • ᴹQ. yár “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR
  • N. iâr “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR; EtyAC/YAR

Element in

  • N. Iarwath “Blood-stained” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Variations

  • YOR ✧ EtyAC/YAR
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WAƷ; Ety/YAR; EtyAC/YAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

hari

noun. blood

Derivations

Early Quenya [PE14/071] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vísi

noun. blood

A noun appearing as vísi- “blood” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VIKI or ᴱ√VIT͡YI (QL/60). Its form might be explained by the Early Qenya sound changes ti &gt; tsi &gt; si (PE12/23).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VIKI “*sticky” ✧ QL/101

Element in

  • Eq. vitevíse “*resin, gum, (lit.) sap-blood” ✧ QL/101

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√VIT͡YI > vīsi-[βītʲī] > [βītʲi] > [vītʲi] > [vīti] > [vītsi] > [vīsi]✧ QL/101

Variations

  • vīsi- ✧ QL/101
Early Quenya [QL/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by